1
|
Garmeh Motlagh F, Azimzadeh Irani M, Masoomi Nomandan SZ, Assadizadeh M. Computational design and investigation of the monomeric spike SARS-CoV-2-ferritin nanocage vaccine stability and interactions. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1403635. [PMID: 38933369 PMCID: PMC11199398 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1403635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, several solutions have been proposed to manage the disease. The most viable option for controlling this virus is to produce effective vaccines. Most of the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have focused on the infusion spike protein. Spike exists as a trimer and plays a vital role in infecting host cells by binding to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor through its Receptor Binding Domain (RBD). Ferritin protein, a naturally occurring iron-storage protein, has gained attention for vaccine production due to its self-assembling property, non-toxic nature, and biocompatibility. Ferritin nanocages have recently been employed in the development of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccination eliciting not only long-term protective memory cells but also a sustained antibody response. In this study, a combination of in silico investigations including molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and immune simulations were carried out to computationally model the monomeric spike protein on the ferritin nanocage as well as to evaluate its stability and interactions for the first time. The structural dynamics of the modeled complex demonstrated noticeable stability. In particular, the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) and ferritin within the monomeric spike-ferritin complex illustrated significant stability. The lack of alterations in the secondary structure further supported the overall steadiness of the complex. The decline in the distance between ferritin and spike suggests a strong interaction over time. The cross-correlation matrices revealed that the monomeric spike and ferritin move towards each other supporting the stable interaction between spike and ferritin. Further, the orientation of monomeric spike protein within the ferritin unit facilitated the exposure of critical epitopes, specifically upward active Receptor Binding Domain (RBD), enabling effective interactions with the ACE2 receptor. The immune simulations of the model indicated high-level stimulations of both cellular and humoral immunity in the human body. It was also found that the employed model is effective regardless of the mutated spikes in different variants. These findings shed light on the current status of the SARS-CoV-2-ferritin nanoparticle vaccines and could be used as a framework for other similar vaccine designs.
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang TH, Shao HP, Zhao BQ, Zhai HL. Molecular Insights into the Variability in Infection and Immune Evasion Capabilities of SARS-CoV-2 Variants: A Sequence and Structural Investigation of the RBD Domain. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:3503-3523. [PMID: 38517012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants continuously emerge, an increasing number of mutations are accumulating in the Spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) region. Through sequence analysis of various Variants of Concern (VOC), we identified that they predominantly fall within the ο lineage although recent variants introduce any novel mutations in the RBD. Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to compute the binding free energy of these variants with human Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Structurally, the binding interface of the ο RBD displays a strong positive charge, complementing the negatively charged binding interface of ACE2, resulting in a significant enhancement in the electrostatic potential energy for the ο variants. Although the increased potential energy is partially offset by the rise in polar solvation free energy, enhanced electrostatic potential contributes to the long-range recognition between the ο variant's RBD and ACE2. We also conducted simulations of glycosylated ACE2-RBD proteins. The newly emerged ο (JN.1) variant has added a glycosylation site at N-354@RBD, which significantly weakened its binding affinity with ACE2. Further, our interaction studies with three monoclonal antibodies across multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains revealed a diminished neutralization efficacy against the ο variants, primarily attributed to the electrostatic repulsion between the antibodies and RBD interface. Considering the characteristics of the ο variant and the trajectory of emerging strains, we propose that newly developed antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 RBD should have surfaces rich in negative potential and, postbinding, exhibit strong van der Waals interactions. These findings provide invaluable guidance for the formulation of future therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Hua Wang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hai Ping Shao
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Bing Qiang Zhao
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hong Lin Zhai
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ming A, Zhao J, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Li J, Zhang L. O-glycosylation in viruses: A sweet tango. MLIFE 2024; 3:57-73. [PMID: 38827513 PMCID: PMC11139210 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
O-glycosylation is an ancient yet underappreciated protein posttranslational modification, on which many bacteria and viruses heavily rely to perform critical biological functions involved in numerous infectious diseases or even cancer. But due to the innate complexity of O-glycosylation, research techniques have been limited to study its exact role in viral attachment and entry, assembly and exit, spreading in the host cells, and the innate and adaptive immunity of the host. Recently, the advent of many newly developed methodologies (e.g., mass spectrometry, chemical biology tools, and molecular dynamics simulations) has renewed and rekindled the interest in viral-related O-glycosylation in both viral proteins and host cells, which is further fueled by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this review, we summarize recent advances in viral-related O-glycosylation, with a particular emphasis on the mucin-type O-linked α-N-acetylgalactosamine (O-GalNAc) on viral proteins and the intracellular O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modifications on host proteins. We hope to provide valuable insights into the development of antiviral reagents or vaccines for better prevention or treatment of infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annan Ming
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation CenterShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life SciencesCapital Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yihan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation CenterShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Yibo Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical BiologyChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical BiologyChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina
- School of Applied Chemistry and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life SciencesCapital Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation CenterShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Son L, Kost V, Maiorov V, Sukhov D, Arkhangelskaya P, Ivanov I, Kudryavtsev D, Siniavin A, Utkin Y, Kasheverov I. Efficient Expression in Leishmania tarentolae (LEXSY) of the Receptor-Binding Domain of the SARS-CoV-2 S-Protein and the Acetylcholine-Binding Protein from Lymnaea stagnalis. Molecules 2024; 29:943. [PMID: 38474455 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Leishmania tarentolae (LEXSY) system is an inexpensive and effective expression approach for various research and medical purposes. The stated advantages of this system are the possibility of obtaining the soluble product in the cytoplasm, a high probability of correct protein folding with a full range of post-translational modifications (including uniform glycosylation), and the possibility of expressing multi-subunit proteins. In this paper, a LEXSY expression system has been employed for obtaining the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike-protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the homopentameric acetylcholine-binding protein (AChBP) from Lymnaea stagnalis. RBD is actively used to obtain antibodies against the virus and in various scientific studies on the molecular mechanisms of the interaction of the virus with host cell targets. AChBP represents an excellent structural model of the ligand-binding extracellular domain of all subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Both products were obtained in a soluble glycosylated form, and their structural and functional characteristics were compared with those previously described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Son
- Department of Molecular Bases of Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kost
- Department of Molecular Bases of Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery Maiorov
- Department of Molecular Bases of Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Sukhov
- Department of Molecular Bases of Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Arkhangelskaya
- Department of Molecular Bases of Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Ivanov
- Department of Molecular Bases of Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Kudryavtsev
- Department of Molecular Bases of Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei Siniavin
- Department of Molecular Bases of Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri Utkin
- Department of Molecular Bases of Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Kasheverov
- Department of Molecular Bases of Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Maity S, Acharya A. Many Roles of Carbohydrates: A Computational Spotlight on the Coronavirus S Protein Binding. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:646-656. [PMID: 36947738 PMCID: PMC10880061 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the post-translational modifications with more than 50% of human proteins being glycosylated. The exact nature and chemical composition of glycans are inaccessible to X-ray or cryo-electron microscopy imaging techniques. Therefore, computational modeling studies and molecular dynamics must be used as a "computational microscope". The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 is heavily glycosylated, and a few glycans play a more functional role "beyond shielding". In this mini-review, we discuss computational investigations of the roles of specific S-protein and ACE2 glycans in the overall ACE2-S protein binding. We highlight different functions of specific glycans demonstrated in myriad computational models and simulations in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 virus binding to the receptor. We also discuss interactions between glycocalyx and the S protein, which may be utilized to design prophylactic polysaccharide-based therapeutics targeting the S protein. In addition, we underline the recent emergence of coronavirus variants and their impact on the S protein and its glycans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Maity
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Atanu Acharya
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- BioInspired
Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hanisch FG. Site-Specific O-glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Its Impact on Immune and Autoimmune Responses. Cells 2024; 13:107. [PMID: 38247799 PMCID: PMC10814047 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The world-wide COVID-19 pandemic has promoted a series of alternative vaccination strategies aiming to elicit neutralizing adaptive immunity in the human host. However, restricted efficacies of these vaccines targeting epitopes on the spike (S) protein that is involved in primary viral entry were observed and putatively assigned to viral glycosylation as an effective escape mechanism. Besides the well-recognized N-glycan shield covering SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) proteins, immunization strategies may be hampered by heavy O-glycosylation and variable O-glycosites fluctuating depending on the organ sites of primary infection and those involved in immunization. A further complication associated with viral glycosylation arises from the development of autoimmune antibodies to self-carbohydrates, including O-linked blood group antigens, as structural parts of viral proteins. This outline already emphasizes the importance of viral glycosylation in general and, in particular, highlights the impact of the site-specific O-glycosylation of virions, since this modification is independent of sequons and varies strongly in dependence on cell-specific repertoires of peptidyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases with their varying site preferences and of glycan core-specific glycosyltransferases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the viral O-glycosylation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its impact on virulence and immune modulation in the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franz-Georg Hanisch
- Center of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang X, Shi L, Wang Y, Chen J, Yang Z, Liu C, Liu X, Li Y, Zhang C, Sun A, Yan H, Sun H. Effects of the glycosylation of the receptor binding domain (RBD dimer)-based Covid-19 vaccine (ZF2001) on its humoral immunogenicity and immunoreactivity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126874. [PMID: 37709229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD), which is a key target for the development of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and vaccines, mediates the binding of the host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). However, the high heterogeneity of RBD glycoforms may lead to an incomplete neutralization effect and impact the immunogenicity of RBD-based vaccines (Ye et al., 2021). Here, our data suggested that the glycosylation significantly affected the humoral immunogenicity and immunoreactivity of the RBD-dimer-based Covid-19 vaccine (ZF2001) (Yang et al., 2021). Several deglycosylated types of ZF2001 (with sialic acid removed (ZF2001-ΔSA), sialic acid & O-glycans removed (ZF2001-ΔSA&O), N-glycans removed (ZF2001-ΔN), N- & O-glycans removed (ZF2001-ΔN&O)) were obtained by treatment with glycosidases. The binding affinity between deglycosylated types of ZF2001 and ACE2 was slightly weakened and that between deglycosylated types of ZF2001 and several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were also changed compared with ZF2001. The results of pseudovirus neutralization assay and binding affinity assay of all ZF2001 types revealed that the antigens with complex glycosylation had better humoral immunogenicity and immunoreactivity. Molecular dynamics simulation indicated that the more complex glycosylation of RBD corresponded to more hydrogen bonds formed between helper T-cell epitopes of RBD and major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II). In summary, these results demonstrated that the glycosylation of RBD affects antigen presentation, humoral immunogenicity and immunoreactivity, which may be an important consideration for vaccine design and production technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute for Vaccine Research and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lulu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute for Vaccine Research and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute for Vaccine Research and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute for Vaccine Research and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zelan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute for Vaccine Research and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chenglong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute for Vaccine Research and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute for Vaccine Research and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute for Vaccine Research and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Can Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute for Vaccine Research and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Anhui Sun
- Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute for Vaccine Research and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute for Vaccine Research and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Province key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nguyen H, Nguyen HL, Lan PD, Thai NQ, Sikora M, Li MS. Interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with host cells and antibodies: experiment and simulation. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6497-6553. [PMID: 37650302 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01170g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the devastating global COVID-19 pandemic announced by WHO in March 2020. Through unprecedented scientific effort, several vaccines, drugs and antibodies have been developed, saving millions of lives, but the fight against COVID-19 continues as immune escape variants of concern such as Delta and Omicron emerge. To develop more effective treatments and to elucidate the side effects caused by vaccines and therapeutic agents, a deeper understanding of the molecular interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with them and human cells is required. With special interest in computational approaches, we will focus on the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and the interaction of its spike protein with human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) as a prime entry point of the virus into host cells. In addition, other possible viral receptors will be considered. The fusion of viral and human membranes and the interaction of the spike protein with antibodies and nanobodies will be discussed, as well as the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on protein synthesis in host cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Nguyen
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Hoang Linh Nguyen
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Pham Dang Lan
- Life Science Lab, Institute for Computational Science and Technology, Quang Trung Software City, Tan Chanh Hiep Ward, District 12, 729110 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics, VNUHCM-University of Science, 227, Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, 749000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Quoc Thai
- Dong Thap University, 783 Pham Huu Lau Street, Ward 6, Cao Lanh City, Dong Thap, Vietnam
| | - Mateusz Sikora
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Simplicien M, Pério P, Sudor J, Barre A, Benoist H, Van Damme EJM, Rougé P. Plant lectins as versatile tools to fight coronavirus outbreaks. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:109-118. [PMID: 36418811 PMCID: PMC9684959 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The S protein forming the homotrimeric spikes of pathogenic beta-coronaviruses, such as MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, is a highly glycosylated protein containing mainly N-glycans of the complex and high-mannose type, as well as O-glycans. Similarly, the host cell receptors DPP4 for MERS-CoV and ACE2 for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, also represent N- and O-glycosylated proteins. All these glycoproteins share common glycosylation patterns, suggesting that plant lectins with different carbohydrate-binding specificities could be used as carbohydrate-binding agents for the spikes and their receptors, to combat COVID19 pandemics. The binding of plant lectins to the spikes and their receptors could mask the non-glycosylated receptor binding domain of the virus and the corresponding region of the receptor, thus preventing a proper interaction of the spike proteins with their receptors. In this review, we analyze (1) the ability of plant lectins to interact with the N- and O-glycans present on the spike proteins and their receptors, (2) the in vitro and in vivo anti-COVID19 activity already reported for plant lectins and, (3) the possible ways for delivery of lectins to block the spikes and/or their receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Simplicien
- Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Pério
- Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Jan Sudor
- Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Annick Barre
- Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Hervé Benoist
- Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B- 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pierre Rougé
- Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mashayekh-Poul R, Azimzadeh-Irani M, Masoomi-Nomandan SZ. Structural arrangement of the active back-to-back dimer in N-glycosylated ErbB receptors is regulated by heterodimerization. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 12:95-107. [PMID: 37525663 PMCID: PMC10387173 DOI: 10.22099/mbrc.2023.47147.1822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB) family consists of four members (ErbB1-4) and belongs to the superfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). The ErbB family members participate in multiple cellular pathways and are the key players in several cancers (brain, breast, lung etc.). Activation of these family members depends on their extracellular domains forming back-to-back hetero/homo dimers. Moreover, dimers are glycosylated, which is a crucial post-translational modification that affects the conformation and function of the protein. Here, molecular modeling and molecular docking are used to comprehensively investigate the dimerization mechanism in glycosylated back-to-back active dimer formation in the entire ErbB receptors for the first time. Results showed that 21 out of 37 clusters of active back-to-back dimers formed by all family members are through heterodimerization. Including; ErbB1-ErbB3/ErbB4, ErbB2-ErbB3/ErbB4 and ErbB3-ErbB4. Ranking ErbB2-ErbB3 as the most stabilized back-to-back dimeric construct. While glycan arrangements favor both homo/hetero dimerization at the dimeric interfaces, it promotes heterodimerization by stabilizing and packing the ligand binding sites of EGFR and ErbB2 respectively. These findings pave the path to future heterodimeric interface/glycan targeting rational anti-cancer drug designs for ErbB receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Azimzadeh-Irani
- Corresponding Author: Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98 21 29901 Fax:+98 21 22431919;
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Conformational Dynamics of the Receptor-Binding Domain of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123233. [PMID: 36551988 PMCID: PMC9775641 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants of SARS-CoV-2 keep emerging and causing new waves of COVID-19 around the world. Effective new approaches in drug development are based on the binding of agents, such as neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to a receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. However, mutations in RBD may lower the affinity of previously developed antibodies. Therefore, rapid analysis of new variants and selection of a binding partner with high affinity is of great therapeutic importance. Here, we explore a computational approach based on molecular dynamics simulations and conformational clusterization techniques for the wild-type and omicron variants of RBD. Biochemical experiments support the hypothesis of the presence of several conformational states within the RBD assembly. The development of such an approach will facilitate the selection of neutralization drugs with higher affinity based on the primary structure of the target antigen.
Collapse
|
12
|
Cancer regulator EGFR-ErbB4 heterodimer is stabilized through glycans at the dimeric interface. J Mol Model 2022; 28:399. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
13
|
Masoomi Nomandan SZ, Azimzadeh Irani M, Hosseini SM. In silico design of refined ferritin-SARS-CoV-2 glyco-RBD nanoparticle vaccine. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:976490. [PMID: 36148012 PMCID: PMC9486171 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.976490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
With the onset of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, all attention was drawn to finding solutions to cure the coronavirus disease. Among all vaccination strategies, the nanoparticle vaccine has been shown to stimulate the immune system and provide optimal immunity to the virus in a single dose. Ferritin is a reliable self-assembled nanoparticle platform for vaccine production that has already been used in experimental studies. Furthermore, glycosylation plays a crucial role in the design of antibodies and vaccines and is an essential element in developing effective subunit vaccines. In this computational study, ferritin nanoparticles and glycosylation, which are two unique facets of vaccine design, were used to model improved nanoparticle vaccines for the first time. In this regard, molecular modeling and molecular dynamics simulation were carried out to construct three atomistic models of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor binding domain (RBD)-ferritin nanoparticle vaccine, including unglycosylated, glycosylated, and modified with additional O-glycans at the ferritin–RBD interface. It was shown that the ferritin–RBD complex becomes more stable when glycans are added to the ferritin–RBD interface and optimal performance of this nanoparticle can be achieved. If validated experimentally, these findings could improve the design of nanoparticles against all microbial infections.
Collapse
|
14
|
Tripathi N, Goel B, Bhardwaj N, Vishwakarma RA, Jain SK. Exploring the Potential of Chemical Inhibitors for Targeting Post-translational Glycosylation of Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:27038-27051. [PMID: 35937682 PMCID: PMC9344791 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 expressed on the viral cell surface is of particular importance as it facilitates viral entry into the host cells. The S protein is heavily glycosylated with 22 N-glycosylation sites and a few N-glycosylation sites. During the viral surface protein synthesis via the host ribosomal machinery, glycosylation is an essential step in post-translational modifications (PTMs) and consequently vital for its life cycle, structure, immune evasion, and cell infection. Interestingly, the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 and the host receptor protein, ACE2, are also extensively glycosylated and these surface glycans are critical for the viral-host cell interaction for viral entry. The glycosylation pathway of both virus (hijacked from the host biosynthetic machinery) and target cells crucially affect SARS-CoV-2 infection at different levels. For example, the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of host cells serve as a cofactor as they interact with the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of S-glycoprotein and play a protective role in host immune evasion via masking the viral peptide epitopes. Hence, the post-translational glycan biosynthesis, processing, and transport events could be potential targets for developing therapeutic drugs and vaccines. Especially, inhibition of the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway amplifies S protein proteolysis and, thus, blocks viral entry. The chemical inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 glycosylation could be evaluated for Covid-19. In this review, we discuss the current status of the chemical inhibitors (both natural and synthetically designed inhibitors) of viral glycosylation for Covid-19 and provide a future perspective. It could be an important strategy in targeting the various emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), as these inhibitors are postulated to aid in reducing the viral load as well as infectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Tripathi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bharat Goel
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nivedita Bhardwaj
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ram A. Vishwakarma
- Council
of Scientific and Industrial Research, Anusandhan
Bhavan, Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Shreyans K. Jain
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ginex T, Marco-Marín C, Wieczór M, Mata CP, Krieger J, Ruiz-Rodriguez P, López-Redondo ML, Francés-Gómez C, Melero R, Sánchez-Sorzano CÓ, Martínez M, Gougeard N, Forcada-Nadal A, Zamora-Caballero S, Gozalbo-Rovira R, Sanz-Frasquet C, Arranz R, Bravo J, Rubio V, Marina A, Geller R, Comas I, Gil C, Coscolla M, Orozco M, Llácer JL, Carazo JM. The structural role of SARS-CoV-2 genetic background in the emergence and success of spike mutations: The case of the spike A222V mutation. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010631. [PMID: 35816514 PMCID: PMC9302720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The S:A222V point mutation, within the G clade, was characteristic of the 20E (EU1) SARS-CoV-2 variant identified in Spain in early summer 2020. This mutation has since reappeared in the Delta subvariant AY.4.2, raising questions about its specific effect on viral infection. We report combined serological, functional, structural and computational studies characterizing the impact of this mutation. Our results reveal that S:A222V promotes an increased RBD opening and slightly increases ACE2 binding as compared to the parent S:D614G clade. Finally, S:A222V does not reduce sera neutralization capacity, suggesting it does not affect vaccine effectiveness. Since early 2020, the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic has mostly been shaped by the appearance of novel variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Accordingly, much of the scientific effort has been directed toward the question of explaining, understanding, and predicting the evolutionary fate of individual mutations in the viral genome. In this article, we focus on A222V, a particular mutation in the Spike protein that emerged in Spain in mid-2020 and reappeared independently in the AY.4.2 subvariant of Delta one year later. As reemerging mutations often indicate an evolutionary advantage, we explored potential mechanisms linking A222V to biologically relevant outcomes. Using serological, functional, structural, and computational approaches, we identified key molecular-level differences conferred by A222V that potentially explain its repeated emergence in different genetic backgrounds. Our results point to subtle changes in the dynamic behavior of the receptor-binding domain in the binding-competent "up" conformation, ones that affect receptor binding itself, but can also act synergistically with other mutations by changing the accessibility of key residues involved in molecular recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Ginex
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Marco-Marín
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miłosz Wieczór
- Molecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos P. Mata
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM-ISCIII), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - James Krieger
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Ruiz-Rodriguez
- ISysBio, University of Valencia-CSIC, FISABIO Joint Research Unit Infection and Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Clara Francés-Gómez
- ISysBio, University of Valencia-CSIC, FISABIO Joint Research Unit Infection and Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Roberto Melero
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Martínez
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadine Gougeard
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Forcada-Nadal
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Rocío Arranz
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeronimo Bravo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Rubio
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Marina
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ron Geller
- ISysBio, University of Valencia-CSIC, FISABIO Joint Research Unit Infection and Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Iñaki Comas
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- Centro para Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Gil
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Coscolla
- ISysBio, University of Valencia-CSIC, FISABIO Joint Research Unit Infection and Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Modesto Orozco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Llácer
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zepeda-Cervantes J, Martínez-Flores D, Ramírez-Jarquín JO, Tecalco-Cruz ÁC, Alavez-Pérez NS, Vaca L, Sarmiento-Silva RE. Implications of the Immune Polymorphisms of the Host and the Genetic Variability of SARS-CoV-2 in the Development of COVID-19. Viruses 2022; 14:94. [PMID: 35062298 PMCID: PMC8778858 DOI: 10.3390/v14010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the current pandemic affecting almost all countries in the world. SARS-CoV-2 is the agent responsible for coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), which has claimed millions of lives around the world. In most patients, SARS-CoV-2 infection does not cause clinical signs. However, some infected people develop symptoms, which include loss of smell or taste, fever, dry cough, headache, severe pneumonia, as well as coagulation disorders. The aim of this work is to report genetic factors of SARS-CoV-2 and host-associated to severe COVID-19, placing special emphasis on the viral entry and molecules of the immune system involved with viral infection. Besides this, we analyze SARS-CoV-2 variants and their structural characteristics related to the binding to polymorphic angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2). Additionally, we also review other polymorphisms as well as some epigenetic factors involved in the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19. These factors and viral variability could explain the increment of infection rate and/or in the development of severe COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Zepeda-Cervantes
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Martínez-Flores
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Josué Orlando Ramírez-Jarquín
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Ángeles C. Tecalco-Cruz
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Noé Santiago Alavez-Pérez
- Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07340, Mexico;
| | - Luis Vaca
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Rosa Elena Sarmiento-Silva
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Glycosylation promotes the cancer regulator EGFR-ErbB2 heterodimer formation - molecular dynamics study. J Mol Model 2021; 27:361. [PMID: 34817689 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04986-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases play significant roles in cellular differentiation and proliferation. Mutation or overexpression of these receptors leads to several cancers in humans. The family has four homologous members including EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, and ErbB4. From which all except the ErbB2 bind to growth factors via the extracellular domain to send signals to the cell. However, dimerization of the ErbB receptor occurs in extracellular, transmembrane, and intracellular domains. The ErbB receptors are known to form homodimers and heterodimers in the active form. Heterodimerization increases the variety of identified ligands and signaling pathways that can be activated by these receptors. Furthermore, glycosylation of the ErbB receptors has shown to be critical for their stability, ligand binding, and dimerization. Here, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations on the glycosylated and unglycosylated heterodimer showed that the EGFR-ErbB2 heterodimer is more stable in its dynamical pattern compared to the EGFR-EGFR homodimer. This increased stability is regulated by maintaining the dimeric interface by the attached glycans. It was also shown that the presence of various glycosylation sites within the ErbB2 growth factor binding site leads to occlusion of this site by the glycans that inhibit ligand binding to ErbB2 and participate in further stabilization of the heterodimer construct. Putting together, glycosylation seems to promote the heterodimer formation within the ErbB family members as the dominant molecular mechanism of activation for these receptors.
Collapse
|
18
|
Gong Y, Qin S, Dai L, Tian Z. The glycosylation in SARS-CoV-2 and its receptor ACE2. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:396. [PMID: 34782609 PMCID: PMC8591162 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00809-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a highly infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected more than 235 million individuals and led to more than 4.8 million deaths worldwide as of October 5 2021. Cryo-electron microscopy and topology show that the SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes lots of highly glycosylated proteins, such as spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and ORF3a proteins, which are responsible for host recognition, penetration, binding, recycling and pathogenesis. Here we reviewed the detections, substrates, biological functions of the glycosylation in SARS-CoV-2 proteins as well as the human receptor ACE2, and also summarized the approved and undergoing SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics associated with glycosylation. This review may not only broad the understanding of viral glycobiology, but also provide key clues for the development of new preventive and therapeutic methodologies against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Gong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Suideng Qin
- School of Chemical Science & Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhixin Tian
- School of Chemical Science & Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang W, Li Q, Wu J, Hu Y, Wu G, Yu C, Xu K, Liu X, Wang Q, Huang W, Wang L, Wang Y. Lentil lectin derived from Lens culinaris exhibit broad antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1519-1529. [PMID: 34278967 PMCID: PMC8330776 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1957720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mutated continuously and newly emerging variants escape from antibody-mediated neutralization raised great concern. S protein is heavily glycosylated and the glycosylation sites are relatively conserved, thus glycans on S protein surface could be a target for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 strategies against variants. Here, we collected 12 plant-derived lectins with different carbohydrate specificity and evaluated their anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity against mutant strains and epidemic variants using a pseudovirus-based neutralization assay. The Lens culinaris-derived lentil lectin which specifically bind to oligomannose-type glycans and GlcNAc at the non-reducing end terminus showed most potent and broad antiviral activity against a panel of mutant strains and variants, including the artificial mutants at N-/O-linked glycosylation site, natural existed amino acid mutants, as well as the epidemic variants B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1. Lentil lectin also showed antiviral activity against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. We found lentil lectin could block the binding of ACE2 to S trimer and inhibit SARS-CoV-2 at the early steps of infection. Using structural information and determined N-glycan profile of S trimer, taking together with the carbohydrate specificity of lentil lectin, we provide a basis for the observed broad spectrum anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Lentil lectin showed weak haemagglutination activity at 1 mg/mL and no cytotoxicity activity, and no weight loss was found in single injection mouse experiment. This report provides the first evidence that lentil lectin strongly inhibit infection of SARS-COV-2 variants, which should provide valuable insights for developing future anti-SARS-CoV-2 strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Wang
- Division of Monoclonal Antibody Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajing Wu
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wu
- Division of Monoclonal Antibody Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanfei Yu
- Division of Monoclonal Antibody Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangwei Xu
- Division of Respiratory Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xumei Liu
- Division of Monoclonal Antibody Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Wang
- Division of Monoclonal Antibody Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Youchun Wang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|