1
|
Feng J, Li Y, Strathmann TJ, Guest JS. Characterizing the Opportunity Space for Sustainable Hydrothermal Valorization of Wet Organic Wastes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2528-2541. [PMID: 38266239 PMCID: PMC10851424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Resource recovery from wet organic wastes can support circular economies by creating financial incentives to produce renewable energy and return nutrients to agriculture. In this study, we characterize the potential for hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL)-based resource recovery systems to advance the economic and environmental sustainability of wastewater sludge, FOG (fats, oils, and grease), food waste, green waste, and animal manure management through the production of liquid biofuels (naphtha, diesel), fertilizers (struvite, ammonium sulfate), and power (heat, electricity). From the waste management perspective, median costs range from -193 $·tonne-1 (FOG) to 251 $·tonne-1 (green waste), and median carbon intensities range from 367 kg CO2 eq·tonne-1 (wastewater sludge) to 769 kg CO2 eq·tonne-1 (green waste). From the fuel production perspective, the minimum selling price of renewable diesel blendstocks are within the commercial diesel price range (2.37 to 5.81 $·gal-1) and have a lower carbon intensity than petroleum diesel (101 kg CO2 eq·MMBTU-1). Finally, through uncertainty analysis and Monte Carlo filtering, we set specific targets (i.e., achieve wastewater sludge-to-biocrude yield >0.440) for the future development of hydrothermal waste management system components. Overall, our work demonstrates the potential of HTL-based resource recovery systems to reduce the costs and carbon intensity of resource-rich organic wastes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Feng
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yalin Li
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Timothy J. Strathmann
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jeremy S. Guest
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Institute
for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei Y, Xu D, Xu M, Zheng P, Fan L, Leng L, Kapusta K. Hydrothermal liquefaction of municipal sludge and its products applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168177. [PMID: 37923270 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is an effective medium-temperature, high-pressure thermochemical process to dispose municipal sludge (MS), and biocrude (a crude bio-oil) is its main product. Many efforts are continued extensively to improve conversion efficiency and to promote industrial application of this technology. This work focuses on critical influencing factors (e.g., reaction temperature, residence time, atmosphere, solvent, catalyst, and pretreatment) and fundamental transformation mechanisms of main components (i.e., lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates) in MS HTL. It also analyzes migration behavior of heavy metals during MS HTL, which can provide a reference for subsequent recovery of nutrients from HTL products. Moreover, the applications of MS HTL products are systematically expounded, and potential challenges and opportunities are highlighted as well. It is necessary to develop advanced methods of catalyst recovery and innovative biocrude upgrading methods so as to reduce HTL investment and operating costs. Reusing aqueous phase and solid phase products as reaction medium and catalyst carrier separately after MS HTL is feasible to realize resource utilization of MS. This information can provide valuable guidance to promote MS HTL industrialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wei
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China
| | - Donghai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China.
| | - Mingxin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China
| | - Peiyao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China
| | - Liangliang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Lijian Leng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Krzysztof Kapusta
- Główny Instytut Górnictwa, Central Mining Institute, Plac Gwarków 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bachs-Herrera A, York D, Stephens-Jones T, Mabbett I, Yeo J, Martin-Martinez FJ. Biomass carbon mining to develop nature-inspired materials for a circular economy. iScience 2023; 26:106549. [PMID: 37123246 PMCID: PMC10130920 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A transition from a linear to a circular economy is the only alternative to reduce current pressures in natural resources. Our society must redefine our material sources, rethink our supply chains, improve our waste management, and redesign materials and products. Valorizing extensively available biomass wastes, as new carbon mines, and developing biobased materials that mimic nature's efficiency and wasteless procedures are the most promising avenues to achieve technical solutions for the global challenges ahead. Advances in materials processing, and characterization, as well as the rise of artificial intelligence, and machine learning, are supporting this transition to a new materials' mining. Location, cultural, and social aspects are also factors to consider. This perspective discusses new alternatives for carbon mining in biomass wastes, the valorization of biomass using available processing techniques, and the implementation of computational modeling, artificial intelligence, and machine learning to accelerate material's development and process engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel York
- Department of Chemistry, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | | | - Ian Mabbett
- Department of Chemistry, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Jingjie Yeo
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mukundan S, Xuan J, Dann SE, Wagner JL. Highly active and magnetically recoverable heterogeneous catalyst for hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass into high quality bio-oil. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128479. [PMID: 36513305 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This article reports a safe, low-cost, and industrially applicable magnetite supported on activated carbon catalyst that can be magnetically retrieved from the solid and reused multiple times without the need of a regeneration step. The FeOx/C catalyst improved the bio-oil yield by 19.7 ± 0.96 % when compared to the uncatalysed reaction at 320 °C for the HTL of draff (brewer's spent grains). The use of homogeneous Na2CO3 base as a catalyst and co-catalyst, improved carbon extraction into the aqueous phase. The exceptional catalytic activity can be attributed to the Fe3O4 phase which can produce in-situ H2 that improves the biomass decomposition and oil property with an energy recovery of ∼84 %. The FeOx/C catalyst was separated using magnetic retrieval and maintained its catalytic activity even up to 5 reaction cycles showing potential as a cheap catalyst for HTL reactions and can be scaled-up for industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Mukundan
- UKRI National Interdisciplinary Centre for Circular Chemical Economy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Jin Xuan
- UKRI National Interdisciplinary Centre for Circular Chemical Economy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Sandra E Dann
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Jonathan L Wagner
- UKRI National Interdisciplinary Centre for Circular Chemical Economy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yiin CL, Odita EB, Mun Lock SS, Cheah KW, Chan YH, Wong MK, Chin BLF, Quitain AT, Loh SK, Yusup S. A review on potential of green solvents in hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of lignin. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128075. [PMID: 36220532 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges in biorefinery is to reduce biomass' recalcitrance and enable valorization of lignin into higher value compounds. Likewise, green solvents and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) with feasible economic viability, functionality, and environmental sustainability have been widely introduced in extraction and conversion of lignin. This review starts with the underscore of disadvantages and limitations of conventional pretreatment approaches and role of green solvents in lignin extraction. Subsequently, the effect of process parameters along with the reaction mechanisms and kinetics on conversion of lignin through HTL were comprehensively reviewed. The limitations of green solvents in extraction and HTL of lignin from biomass were discussed based on the current advancements of the field and future research scopes were also proposed. More details info on HTL of biomass derived lignin which avoid the energy-intensive drying procedures are crucial for the accelerated development and deployment of the advanced lignin biorefinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung Loong Yiin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia; Institute of Renewable and Sustainable Energy (ISuRE), Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Elatta Bin Odita
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Serene Sow Mun Lock
- CO(2) Research Center (CO(2)RES), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
| | - Kin Wai Cheah
- School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Herng Chan
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd. (PRSB), Lot 3288 & 3289, off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mee Kee Wong
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd. (PRSB), Lot 3288 & 3289, off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bridgid Lai Fui Chin
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, 250 CDT, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia; Energy and Environment Research Cluster, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, 250 CDT, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Armando T Quitain
- Center for International Education, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Soh Kheang Loh
- Energy and Environment Unit, Engineering and Processing Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Yusup
- Fuel and Combustion Section, Generation Unit, Department of Generation & Environment, Tenaga Nasional Berhad Research (TNBR) Sdn Bhd, No. 1, Kawasan Institusi Penyelidikan, Jalan Ayer Hitam, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gallorini R, Ciuffi B, Real Fernández F, Carozzini C, Ravera E, Papini AM, Rosi L. Subcritical Hydrothermal Liquefaction as a Pretreatment for Enzymatic Degradation of Polyurethane. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:37757-37763. [PMID: 36312382 PMCID: PMC9607662 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic digestion is a promising alternative in the upconversion of plastic waste compared to traditional chemical recycling methods, because it warrants the use of milder conditions. However, enzymes are hardly able to penetrate the bulk of the plastic material; thus, a pretreatment is necessary to promote the reaction. In this study we investigate hydrothermal liquefaction as a thermal pretreatment of a commercial polyurethane before performing an enzymatic digestion. The feedstock is a rigid polyurethane foam. The structure and chemical composition of the feedstock were analyzed through FTIR analysis and solid-state 13C NMR. The polyurethane was then subjected to hydrothermal liquefaction using either ultrapure water or KOH as a basic catalyst. Enzymatic digestion was then performed on the organic fraction obtained from both experiments using a lipase extracted from Candida rugosa. The LC-MS analysis of the digests shows an increase in some signal intensities due to the degradation of oligomeric fragments. This new way of recycling allows the recovery of important chemicals such as quinolines and 4,4'-methylenedianiline. With this study we demonstrate that hydrothermal liquefaction coupled with enzymatic digestion is a suitable alternative for handling polyurethane waste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Gallorini
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Benedetta Ciuffi
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Feliciana Real Fernández
- CNR
− Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (CNR-ICCOM), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology (PeptLab), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- MoD&LS
Laboratory, University of Florence, Centre
of Competences RISE, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Cosimo Carozzini
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Enrico Ravera
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, I-50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, I-50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology (PeptLab), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- MoD&LS
Laboratory, University of Florence, Centre
of Competences RISE, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Luca Rosi
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Review of Studies on Joint Recovery of Macroalgae and Marine Debris by Hydrothermal Liquefaction. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
At the moment, macroalgae blooms in sea waters, the rotting of which causes greenhouse gas emissions and contributes to the formation of a negative ecological and economic situation in coastal zones, which has become a serious problem. Fuel production through hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of macroalgae and marine debris is a promising solution to this ecological problem. The article provides an overview of studies on producing fuel from macroalgae and an assessment of the possibility of their joint recovery with marine debris. The optimal process conditions and their technological efficiency were evaluated. The article shows the feasibility of using heterogeneous catalysis and co-solvent to increase the yield of bio-oil and improve its quality. An assessment of the possibility of joint processing of waste macroalgae and marine debris showed the inexpediency of this direction. The high degree of drift macroalgae contamination also raises the question of the appropriateness of the preliminary extraction of other valuable components for nutrition use, such as fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and their derivatives.
Collapse
|