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Das P. Pyrolysis study of a waste plastic mixture through different kinetic models using isothermal and nonisothermal mechanism. RSC Adv 2024; 14:25599-25618. [PMID: 39144376 PMCID: PMC11323526 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04957h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyrolysis can be a convenient way to produce oils and gases simultaneously, as well as hydrocarbons and even crude petrochemicals. It can also be used to produce energy from a waste plastic mixture (WPM). To ascertain the kinetics parameters at the heating rates of 5, 10, 20, and 50 °C min-1, various kinetic models, including (a) model-fitting and (b) model-free, which are further separated into isothermal and non-isothermal categories, have been selected. The apparent activation energy (E a) and pre-exponential factor (A a) were calculated using the Friedman (model-free isothermal), KAS, FWO (model-free non-isothermal), and Coats-Redfern (model-fitting non-isothermal) approaches. The activation energy (E a), pre-exponential component (A a), and overall reaction order (n) were also calculated using a multi-linear regression methodology. In addition, the solid fuel characterization of WPM has been compared with previous literature results, as have the physico-chemical characteristics of pyrolytic oil. Finally, a brief mention of WPM's kinetic process has been included in this work. However, the results indicated two stages of thermal degradation and volatilization of the WPM zone during pyrolysis (410-510 °C, 510-770 °C). In the temperature range of 410-510 °C, 510-770 °C, two-stage thermal degradation zones are used to analyze the kinetic parameters for WPM. The result showed the average activation values obtained by the KAS, FWO, and Friedmam methods were 297.61, 295.25, and 267.26 kJ mol-1. In the case of the Coats-Redfern methods, the lowest activation energy was obtained by the PT1 kinetic model at 22.56 kJ mol-1, and the highest activation energy was found in the D3 kinetic model at 418.80 kJ mol-1 in the temperature zone of 410-510 °C. The temperature zone with the lowest activation energy was found to be between 510 °C and 770 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta Das
- NIET, Chemical, Petroleum and Hydrogen Technology, NIMS University Jaipur 303121 Rajasthan India
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Villardi HGD, Nascimento MM, Pessoa FLP, Santos AÁB, Mascarenhas LAB, Andrade LPC, de Andrade JB. Experimental study, simulation and technical-economic feasibility of an interesterification plant for hydrocarbons synthesis by using plastics and frying oil waste. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10240. [PMID: 38702364 PMCID: PMC11068870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This work presents the experimental assessment of a 20 mL batch reactor's efficacy in converting plastic and oil residues into biofuels. The reactor, designed for ease of use, is heated using a metallic system. The experiments explore plastic solubilization at various temperatures and residence times, employing a mixture of distilled water and ethylene glycol as the solvent. Initial findings reveal that plastic solubilization requires a temperature of 350 °C with an ethylene glycol mole fraction of 0.35, whereas 250 °C suffices with a mole fraction of 0.58. Additionally, the study includes a process simulation of a plant utilizing a double fluidized bed gasifier and an economic evaluation of the interesterification/pyrolysis plant. Simulation results support project feasibility, estimating a total investment cost of approximately $12.99 million and annual operating expenses of around $17.98 million, with a projected payback period of about 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madson M Nascimento
- Centro Universitário SENAI-CIMATEC, Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845-Piatã, Salvador, BA, 41650-010, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente-INCT E&A, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente-CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Fernando Luiz P Pessoa
- Centro Universitário SENAI-CIMATEC, Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845-Piatã, Salvador, BA, 41650-010, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Computer Modeling and Industrial Technology, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Alex Álisson B Santos
- Centro Universitário SENAI-CIMATEC, Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845-Piatã, Salvador, BA, 41650-010, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Computer Modeling and Industrial Technology, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jailson B de Andrade
- Centro Universitário SENAI-CIMATEC, Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845-Piatã, Salvador, BA, 41650-010, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente-INCT E&A, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil.
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente-CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil.
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Sanito RC, Mujiyanti DR, You SJ, Wang YF. A review on medical waste treatment in COVID-19 pandemics: Technologies, managements and future strategies. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2024; 74:72-99. [PMID: 37955449 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2023.2282011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of COVID-19 few years ago, the increasing of the number of medical waste has become a huge issue because of their harmful impact to environment. A major concern associated to the limitation of technologies for dealing with medical waste, especially conventional technologies, are overcapacities since pandemic occurs. Moreover, the outbreak of new viruses from post COVID-19 should become a serious attention to be prevented not only environmental issues but also the spreading of viruses to new pandemic near the future. The high possibility of an outbreak of new viruses and mutation near the future should be prevented based on the experience associated with the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the last 3 yr. This review presented information and strategies for handling medical waste during the outbreak of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19, and also information on the current issues related to technologies, such as incineration, pyrolysis/gasification, autoclaves and microwave treatment for the dealing with high numbers of medical waste in COVID-19 to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus, their advantages and disadvantages. Plasma technology can be considered to be implemented as an alternative technology to deal with medical waste since incinerator is usually over capacities during the pandemic situation. Proper treatment of specific medical waste in pandemics, namely face masks, vaccine vials, syringes, and dead bodies, are necessary because those medical wastes are mediums for transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Furthermore, emission controls from incinerator and plasma are necessary to be implemented to reduce the high concentration of CO2, NOx, and VOCs during the treatment. Finally, future strategies of medical waste treatment in the perspective of potential outbreak pandemic from new mutation viruses are discussed in this review paper.Implications: Journal of the air and waste management association may consider our review paper to be published. In this review, we give important information related to the technologies, managements and strategies for handling the medical waste and control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus, starting from proper technology to control the high number of medical waste, their pollutants and many strategies for controlling the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Moreover, this review also describes some strategies associated with control the transmission not only the SARS-CoV-2 virus but also the outbreak of new viruses near the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raynard Christianson Sanito
- Surface Engineering Laboratory, Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Mineral, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Laval University, Pavillon Adrien-Pouliot, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- CHU de Quebec, Hospital Saint-François d'Assise, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dwi Rasy Mujiyanti
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
| | - Sheng-Jie You
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Risk Management, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fen Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Risk Management, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Abstract
Polymers and plastics are crucial materials in many sectors of our economy, due to their numerous advantages. They also have some disadvantages, among the most important are problems with the recycling and disposal of used plastics. The recovery of waste plastics is increasing every year, but over 27% of plastics are landfilled. The rest is recycled, where, unfortunately, incineration is still the most common management method. From an economic perspective, waste management methods that lead to added-value products are most preferred—as in the case of material and chemical recycling. Since chemical recycling can be used for difficult wastes (poorly selected, contaminated), it seems to be the most effective way of managing these materials. Moreover, as a result this of kind of recycling, it is possible to obtain commercially valuable products, such as fractions for fuel composition and monomers for the reproduction of polymers. This review focuses on various liquefaction technologies as a prospective recycling method for three types of plastic waste: PE, PP and PS.
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Medical Waste Treatment Technologies for Energy, Fuels, and Materials Production: A Review. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14238065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The importance of medical waste management has grown during the COVID-19 pandemic because of the increase in medical waste quantity and the significant dangers of these highly infected wastes for human health and the environment. This innovative review focuses on the possibility of materials, gas/liquid/solid fuels, thermal energy, and electric power production from medical waste fractions. Appropriate and promising treatment/disposal technologies, such as (i) acid hydrolysis, (ii) acid/enzymatic hydrolysis, (iii) anaerobic digestion, (vi) autoclaving, (v) enzymatic oxidation, (vi) hydrothermal carbonization/treatment, (vii) incineration/steam heat recovery system, (viii) pyrolysis/Rankine cycle, (ix) rotary kiln treatment, (x) microwave/steam sterilization, (xi) plasma gasification/melting, (xii) sulfonation, (xiii) batch reactor thermal cracking, and (xiv) torrefaction, were investigated. The medical waste generation data were collected according to numerous researchers from various countries, and divided into gross medical waste and hazardous medical waste. Moreover, the medical wastes were separated into categories and types according to the international literature and the medical waste fractions’ percentages were estimated. The capability of the examined medical waste treatment technologies to produce energy, fuels, and materials, and eliminate the medical waste management problem, was very promising with regard to the near future.
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