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Yan X, Benkhatar H, Chao YT, Georgiopoulos C, Hummel T. Anterior Skull Base Abnormalities in Congenital Anosmia. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2023; 86:1-12. [PMID: 37607521 DOI: 10.1159/000532077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The structures of the skull and the brain are related to each other. Prior work in individuals with isolated congenital anosmia (ICA) showed that these individuals were characterized by olfactory bulb (OB) defects. The aim of this study was to compare the morphological pattern of the anterior skull base surrounding the OB between individuals with ICA and normosmic controls. We meant to investigate whether these features can help distinguish abnormalities from normal variation. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study to acquire T2-weighted magnetic resonance images from individuals diagnosed with ICA (n = 31) and healthy, normosmic controls matched for age and gender (n = 62). Between both groups, we compared the depth and width of the olfactory fossa, the angle of the ethmoidal fovea, as well as the angle of the lateral lamella of the cribriform plate. Within the ICA group, we further performed subgroup analyses based on the presence or absence of the OB, to investigate whether the morphology of the anterior skull base relates to the presence of OBs. The diagnostic performance of these parameters was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS Individuals with ICA exhibited a flattened ethmoid roof and shallower olfactory fossa when compared to controls. Further, the absence of the OB was found to be associated with a higher degree of flattening of the ethmoid roof and a shallow olfactory fossa. We reached the results in the following areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves: 0.80 - angle of fovea ethmoidalis, 0.76 - depth of olfactory fossa, 0.70 - angle of lateral lamella of the cribriform plate for significant differentiation between individuals with ICA and normosmic controls. CONCLUSION Individuals with ICA exhibited an unusual anterior skull base surrounding the OB. This study supports the idea of an integrated development of OB and anterior skull base. Hence, the morphological pattern of the anterior skull base surrounding the OB helps distinguish individuals with ICA from normosmic controls and may therefore be useful for the diagnosis of ICA, although it is certainly not an invariable sign of congenital anosmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Yan
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hakim Benkhatar
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Versailles Hospital, Le Chesnay-Rocquencourt, France
| | - Yun-Ting Chao
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Charalampos Georgiopoulos
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Fujikawa J, Morigaki R, Miyake K, Matsuda T, Koyama H, Oda T, Yamamoto N, Izumi Y, Mure H, Goto S, Takagi Y. Cranial geometry in patients with dystonia and Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11003. [PMID: 37420081 PMCID: PMC10328944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal skull shape has been reported in brain disorders. However, no studies have investigated cranial geometry in neurodegenerative disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the cranial geometry of patients with dystonia or Parkinson's disease (PD). Cranial computed tomography images of 36 patients each with idiopathic dystonia (IDYS), PD, and chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) were analyzed. Those with IDYS had a significantly higher occipital index (OI) than those with CSDH (p = 0.014). When cephalic index (CI) was divided into the normal and abnormal groups, there was a significant difference between those with IDYS and CSDH (p = 0.000, α = 0.017) and between PD and CSDH (p = 0.031, α = 0.033). The age of onset was significantly correlated with the CI of IDYS (τ = - 0.282, p = 0.016). The Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale motor score (BFMDRS-M) showed a significant correlation with OI in IDYS (τ = 0.372, p = 0.002). The cranial geometry of patients with IDYS was significantly different from that of patients with CSDH. There was a significant correlation between age of onset and CI, as well as between BFMDRS-M and OI, suggesting that short heads in the growth phase and skull balance might be related to the genesis of dystonia and its effect on motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Fujikawa
- Department of Advanced Brain Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ryoma Morigaki
- Department of Advanced Brain Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
- Parkinson's Disease and Dystonia Research Center, Tokushima University Hospital, 2-50-1 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Kazuhisa Miyake
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Taku Matsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Teruo Oda
- Department of Advanced Brain Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Yamamoto
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuishin Izumi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
- Parkinson's Disease and Dystonia Research Center, Tokushima University Hospital, 2-50-1 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hideo Mure
- Center for Neuromodulation, Kurashiki Heisei Hospital, 4-3-38 Oimatsu-Cho, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0826, Japan
| | - Satoshi Goto
- Center for Drug Discovery and Development Sciences, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, 56-1 Toujiinkita-Machi, Kita-Ku, Kyoto, Kyoto, 603-8577, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takagi
- Department of Advanced Brain Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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Zhang J, Treyer V, Sun J, Zhang C, Gietl A, Hock C, Razansky D, Nitsch RM, Ni R. Automatic analysis of skull thickness, scalp-to-cortex distance and association with age and sex in cognitively normal elderly. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.19.524484. [PMID: 36711717 PMCID: PMC9882276 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.19.524484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Personalized neurostimulation has been a potential treatment for many brain diseases, which requires insights into brain/skull geometry. Here, we developed an open source efficient pipeline BrainCalculator for automatically computing the skull thickness map, scalp-to-cortex distance (SCD), and brain volume based on T 1 -weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. We examined the influence of age and sex cross-sectionally in 407 cognitively normal older adults (71.9±8.0 years, 60.2% female) from the ADNI. We demonstrated the compatibility of our pipeline with commonly used preprocessing packages and found that BrainSuite Skullfinder was better suited for such automatic analysis compared to FSL Brain Extraction Tool 2 and SPM12- based unified segmentation using ground truth. We found that the sphenoid bone and temporal bone were thinnest among the skull regions in both females and males. There was no increase in regional minimum skull thickness with age except in the female sphenoid bone. No sex difference in minimum skull thickness or SCD was observed. Positive correlations between age and SCD were observed, faster in females (0.307%/y) than males (0.216%/y) in temporal SCD. A negative correlation was observed between age and whole brain volume computed based on brain surface (females -1.031%/y, males -0.998%/y). In conclusion, we developed an automatic pipeline for MR-based skull thickness map, SCD, and brain volume analysis and demonstrated the sex-dependent association between minimum regional skull thickness, SCD and brain volume with age. This pipeline might be useful for personalized neurostimulation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich & University of Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Treyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Junfeng Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Anton Gietl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hock
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neurimmune, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich & University of Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger M Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neurimmune, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich & University of Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zentrum für Neurowissenschaften Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Integrating Mental Health Education into French Teaching in University Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:1046813. [PMID: 36133165 PMCID: PMC9484909 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1046813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a lot of news about college students committing suicide. In the university stage students, self-esteem is stronger and more sensitive, and the ability to withstand pressure is weak. At the same time, college students are in a key stage of mental health development. School education to a certain extent for the cultivation of students' mental health has a crucial impact. In our country, it is undoubtedly the main way to infiltrate mental health education through subject knowledge teaching. French teaching is a good way to infiltrate mental health education. In the learning practice, the improvement of students' mental health levels can strengthen their interest in French learning. Based on this, this paper, from the perspective of French teaching, carries out the infiltration of mental health education in French teaching classes in universities and promotes the cultivation of students' learning abilities and the development of mental health. This paper mainly studies the feature extraction of mental health data, tries to use the optimized BP (backpropagation) neural network to infiltrate the mental health model of college students, and describes the differences in mental health among students. Finally, the results are applied to French teaching in universities, and a good teaching effect is achieved. Finally, the experimental results show that the infiltration strategy proposed in this study is feasible and effective.
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