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Silva M, Avni D, Varela J, Barreira L. The Ocean's Pharmacy: Health Discoveries in Marine Algae. Molecules 2024; 29:1900. [PMID: 38675719 PMCID: PMC11055030 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent a global health challenge, constituting a major cause of mortality and disease burden in the 21st century. Addressing the prevention and management of NCDs is crucial for improving global public health, emphasizing the need for comprehensive strategies, early interventions, and innovative therapeutic approaches to mitigate their far-reaching consequences. Marine organisms, mainly algae, produce diverse marine natural products with significant therapeutic potential. Harnessing the largely untapped potential of algae could revolutionize drug development and contribute to combating NCDs, marking a crucial step toward natural and targeted therapeutic approaches. This review examines bioactive extracts, compounds, and commercial products derived from macro- and microalgae, exploring their protective properties against oxidative stress, inflammation, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, metabolic diseases, and cancer across in vitro, cell-based, in vivo, and clinical studies. Most research focuses on macroalgae, demonstrating antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, gut health modulation, metabolic health promotion, and anti-cancer effects. Microalgae products also exhibit anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anti-cancer properties. Although studies mainly investigated extracts and fractions, isolated compounds from algae have also been explored. Notably, polysaccharides, phlorotannins, carotenoids, and terpenes emerge as prominent compounds, collectively representing 42.4% of the investigated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Silva
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Dorit Avni
- MIGAL Galilee Institute, Kiryat Shmona 1106000, Israel;
| | - João Varela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.V.)
- Green Colab—Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Barreira
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.V.)
- Green Colab—Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Lee H, Koh GY, Lee H, Alves P, Yokoyama W, Wang Y. Discovery of a Novel Bioactive Compound in Orange Peel Polar Fraction on the Inhibition of Trimethylamine and Trimethylamine N-Oxide through Metabolomics Approaches and In Vitro and In Vivo Assays: Feruloylputrescine Inhibits Trimethylamine via Suppressing cntA/B Enzyme. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:7870-7881. [PMID: 38562057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This study compares the inhibitory effects of orange peel polar fraction (OPP) and orange peel nonpolar fraction (OPNP) on trimethylamine (TMA) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) production in response to l-carnitine treatment in vivo and in vitro. Metabolomics is used to identify bioactive compounds. The research demonstrates that the OPP effectively regulates atherosclerosis-related markers, TMA and TMAO in plasma and urine, compared to the OPNP. Our investigation reveals that these inhibitory effects are independent of changes in gut microbiota composition. The effects are attributed to the modulation of cntA/B enzyme activity and FMO3 mRNA expression in vitro. Moreover, OPP exhibits stronger inhibitory effects on TMA production than OPNP, potentially due to its higher content of feruloylputrescine, which displays the highest inhibitory activity on the cntA/B enzyme and TMA production. These findings suggest that the OPP containing feruloylputrescine has the potential to alleviate cardiovascular diseases by modulating cntA/B and FMO3 enzymes without directly influencing gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Lee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
| | - Gar Yee Koh
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
- Nutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
| | - Hanna Lee
- Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agricultural, Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Priscila Alves
- Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agricultural, Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Wallace Yokoyama
- Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agricultural, Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
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Hans N, Solanki D, Nagpal T, Amir H, Naik S, Malik A. Process optimization and characterization of hydrolysate from underutilized brown macroalgae (Padina tetrastromatica) after fucoidan extraction through subcritical water hydrolysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119497. [PMID: 37951112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
The growing demand for macroalgal biomass as a source of proteins, peptides, and amino acids is garnering attention for their biological and functional properties. This study depicts the use of emerging green techniques, i.e. subcritical water, to hydrolyze protein from Padina tetrastromatica. The biomass was treated with subcritical water at varying temperatures between 100 and 220 °C for 10-40 min at a biomass to water proportion of 1:50 (w/v) and pressure of 4.0 MPa. The optimum conditions for recovering the maximum protein (127.2 ± 1.1 mg g-1), free amino acids (58.4 ± 1.0 mg g-1), highest degree of hydrolysis (58.8 ± 1.2 %) and low molecular weight peptides (<650 Da) were found to be 220 °C for 10 min. The amino acid profiling of the hydrolysate revealed that it contains 45 % essential amino acids, with the highest concentration of methionine (0.18 %), isoleucine (0.12 %) and leucine (0.10 %). It was found that the hydrolysate contains phenolics (23.9 ± 1.4 mg GAE g-1) and flavonoids (1.23 ± 0.1 mg QE g-1), which are largely responsible for antioxidant activity. The hydrolysate effectively inhibits acetylcholinesterase and α-amylase in vitro, with IC50 values of 17.9 ± 0.1 mg mL-1 and 16.0 ± 0.5 %, respectively, which can help prevent Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus. Consequently, this study reveals that utilizing eco-friendly subcritical water hydrolysis method, 79 % of the protein was recovered from P. tetrastromatica, which might be an effective source of bioactive peptides in various nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Hans
- Supercritical Fluid Extraction Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Divyang Solanki
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
| | - Tanya Nagpal
- Food Customization and Research Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Hirah Amir
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Satyanarayan Naik
- Supercritical Fluid Extraction Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Anushree Malik
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
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Siddik MAB, Francis P, Rohani MF, Azam MS, Mock TS, Francis DS. Seaweed and Seaweed-Based Functional Metabolites as Potential Modulators of Growth, Immune and Antioxidant Responses, and Gut Microbiota in Fish. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2066. [PMID: 38136186 PMCID: PMC10740464 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweed, also known as macroalgae, represents a vast resource that can be categorized into three taxonomic groups: Rhodophyta (red), Chlorophyta (green), and Phaeophyceae (brown). They are a good source of essential nutrients such as proteins, minerals, vitamins, and omega-3 fatty acids. Seaweed also contains a wide range of functional metabolites, including polyphenols, polysaccharides, and pigments. This study comprehensively discusses seaweed and seaweed-derived metabolites and their potential as a functional feed ingredient in aquafeed for aquaculture production. Past research has discussed the nutritional role of seaweed in promoting the growth performance of fish, but their effects on immune response and gut health in fish have received considerably less attention in the published literature. Existing research, however, has demonstrated that dietary seaweed and seaweed-based metabolite supplementation positively impact the antioxidant status, disease resistance, and stress response in fish. Additionally, seaweed supplementation can promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibit the proliferation of harmful bacteria, thereby improving gut health and nutrient absorption in fish. Nevertheless, an important balance remains between dietary seaweed inclusion level and the resultant metabolic alteration in fish. This review highlights the current state of knowledge and the associated importance of continued research endeavors regarding seaweed and seaweed-based functional metabolites as potential modulators of growth, immune and antioxidant response, and gut microbiota composition in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A. B. Siddik
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (P.F.); (T.S.M.); (D.S.F.)
| | - Prue Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (P.F.); (T.S.M.); (D.S.F.)
| | - Md Fazle Rohani
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | | | - Thomas S. Mock
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (P.F.); (T.S.M.); (D.S.F.)
| | - David S. Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (P.F.); (T.S.M.); (D.S.F.)
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Veeragoni D, Deshpande SS, Singh V, Misra S, Mutheneni SR. In vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Sargassum tenerrimum - a marine seaweed. Acta Trop 2023; 245:106982. [PMID: 37406792 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Green nanotechnology has recently attracted a lot of attention as a potential technique for drug development. In the present study, silver nanoparticles were synthesised by using Sargassum tenerrimum, a marine seaweed crude extract (Ag-ST), and evaluated for antimalarial activity in both in vitro and in vivo models. The results showed that Ag-ST nanoparticles exhibited good antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values 7.71±0.39 µg/ml and 23.93±2.27 µg/ml against P. falciparum and P. berghei respectively. These nanoparticles also showed less haemolysis activity suggesting their possible use in therapeutics. Further, P. berghei infected C57BL/6 mice were used for the four-day suppressive, curative and prophylactic assays where it was noticed that the Ag-ST nanoparticles significantly reduced the parasitaemia and there were no toxic effects observed in the biochemical and haematological parameters. Further to understand its possible toxic effects, both in vitro and in vivo genotoxicological studies were performed which revealed that these nanoparticles are non-genotoxic in nature. The possible antimalarial activity of Ag-ST may be due to the presence of bioactive phytochemicals and silver ions. Moreover, the phytochemicals prevent the nonspecific release of ions responsible for low genotoxicity. Together, the bio-efficacy and toxicology outcomes demonstrated that the green synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-ST) could be a cutting-edge alternative for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileepkumar Veeragoni
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shruti S Deshpande
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vineeta Singh
- Parasite and Host Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Misra
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Srinivasa Rao Mutheneni
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Mohibbullah M, Talha MA, Baten MA, Newaz AW, Choi J. Yield optimization, physicochemical characterizations, and antioxidant properties of food grade agar from Gracilaria tenuistipitata of Cox's Bazar coast, Bangladesh. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:2852-2863. [PMID: 37324870 PMCID: PMC10261750 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed at investigating the optimization of extraction variables for food grade quality agar from Gracilaria tenuistipitata, so far, the first study on Bangladeshi seaweed. Water (native)- and NaOH (alkali)-pretreated agars were comparatively analyzed by several physicochemical parameters. All extraction variables significantly affected the agar yield in both extraction conditions. Alkali-pretreated agar provided a better yield (12-13% w/w) and gel strength (201 g/cm2) in extraction conditions as followed by 2% NaOH pretreatment at 30°C for 3 h, seaweed to water ratio at 1:150, and extraction temperature at 100°C for 2 h. Gelling and melting temperatures, color, and pH values of both agars were found to be comparable with commercial agar. Significantly higher sulfate contents including organic and inorganic and total carotenoids were reported in native (3.14% and 1.29 μg/mL) than that in alkali-pretreated agar (1.27% and 0.62 μg/mL). FTIR spectrum demonstrated the purity of the agar as characterized by the stronger relative intensity with higher degree of conversion of L-galactose 6-sulfate to 3,6-anhydrogalactose in alkali pretreatment group than that of native ones. Moreover, antioxidant activity (% DPPH scavenging) was observed and confirmed by IC50 values of 5.42 and 9.02 mg/mL in water- and alkali-pretreated agars, respectively. The results suggested that agar from G. tenuistipitata with optimized alkali extraction conditions could promote cost-effective yield with improved physicochemical characteristics and biofunctional values upon consumption by the consumers as food materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mohibbullah
- Department of Fishing and Post Harvest TechnologySher‐e‐Bangla Agricultural UniversityDhakaBangladesh
- Seafood Research CenterSilla UniversityBusanSouth Korea
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, The Institute of Marine IndustryGyeongsang National UniversityTongyeong‐siSouth Korea
| | - Md. Abu Talha
- Department of Fishing and Post Harvest TechnologySher‐e‐Bangla Agricultural UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Abdul Baten
- Department of Fishing and Post Harvest TechnologySher‐e‐Bangla Agricultural UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Asif Wares Newaz
- Department of Fishing and Post Harvest TechnologySher‐e‐Bangla Agricultural UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Jae‐Suk Choi
- Seafood Research CenterSilla UniversityBusanSouth Korea
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, The Institute of Marine IndustryGyeongsang National UniversityTongyeong‐siSouth Korea
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Palaniyappan S, Sridhar A, Kari ZA, Téllez-Isaías G, Ramasamy T. Evaluation of Phytochemical Screening, Pigment Content, In Vitro Antioxidant, Antibacterial Potential and GC-MS Metabolite Profiling of Green Seaweed Caulerpa racemosa. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21050278. [PMID: 37233472 DOI: 10.3390/md21050278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploration of seaweeds to unravel their bioactive metabolites from the perspective of wider applications gained substantial importance. The present study was performed to investigate the total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin content, antioxidant activity and antibacterial potential of various solvent extracts of green seaweed Caulerpa racemosa. The methanolic extract showed higher phenolic (11.99 ± 0.48 mg gallic acid equivalents/g), tannin (18.59 ± 0.54 mg tannic acid equivalents/g) and flavonoid (33.17 ± 0.76 mg quercetin equivalents/g) content than other extracts. Antioxidant activity was determined by using 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay with different concentrations of C. racemosa extracts. The methanolic extract showed higher scavenging potential in both the DPPH and ABTS activity with the inhibition value of 54.21 ± 1.39% and 76.62 ± 1.08%, respectively. Bioactive profiling was also identified by using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) techniques. These studies revealed the presence of valuable bioactive compounds in C. racemosa extracts and these compounds might be responsible for antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer and anti-mutagenic properties. Major compounds identified in GC-MS were 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, 3-hexadecene and Phthalic acid. In terms of antibacterial activity, C. racemosa has promising antibacterial potential against aquatic pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii and Aeromonas salmonicida. Further evaluation studies focusing aquatic related aspects would reveal the novel bioproperties and applications of C. racemosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivagaami Palaniyappan
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arun Sridhar
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia
| | | | - Thirumurugan Ramasamy
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
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Lema Ch E, Chóez-Guaranda I, Ruíz-Barzola O, Jaramillo LI, Pacheco Flores de Valgaz Á, Van Den Hende S, Manzano Santana P. Estudio de la variabilidad en el tiempo y espacio de la actividad antioxidante y composición bioquímica de Kappaphycus alvarezii en diferentes densidades de siembra. BIONATURA 2023. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.01.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Kappaphycus alvarezii es una de las especies de algas más cultivadas en el mundo, debido a su alto contenido de compuestos bioactivos con reportes antioxidantes y bioestimulantes. El presente estudio evaluó el efecto de las densidades de plantación sobre la composición bioquímica y antioxidante de K. alvarezii cultivada en un sistema de línea larga durante las estaciones seca y húmeda, con el fin de proporcionar una base científica para una cosecha óptima. Se midieron el contenido de humedad, cenizas, grasa, fibra, auxinas, fenoles, flavonoides, DPPH y ABTS. Los datos se analizaron mediante pruebas t, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis y ANOVA unidireccional. Los resultados mostraron un mayor contenido de grasa (2,01 % P.s), fibra bruta (5,21% P.s), contenido total de fenoles (324,09 μg GAE/g P.s) y ABTS (9,32 μg GAE/g P.s) durante la estación seca. Con respecto a la densidad de plantación, se produjo un aumento significativo del contenido en cenizas, fenoles totales y ABTS con una densidad de 10 líneas.célula-1 al mismo tiempo. Los contenidos de flavonoides, DPPH y auxina mostraron una tendencia estacional opuesta, alcanzando los niveles máximos en la estación húmeda. Este estudio aporta nueva información sobre las condiciones ambientales que pueden provocar cambios en la actividad antioxidante y la composición bioquímica de esta especie con vistas al desarrollo de bioproductos para diferentes sectores industriales como el alimentario, el farmacéutico y el de los fertilizantes en Ecuador.
Palabras claves: Alga roja; Fenoles; Flavonoides; Antioxidante; Composición bioquímica; Variación estacional; densidad de siembra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefany Lema Ch
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida (FCV); Campus Gustavo Galindo; Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral; Km. 30.5 vía Perimetral; Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863; Ecuador
| | - Iván Chóez-Guaranda
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador (CIBE), Campus Gustavo Galindo; Km 30.5 vía Perimetral; Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863; Ecuador
| | - Omar Ruíz-Barzola
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas (FCNM); Campus Gustavo Galindo; Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Km. 30.5 vía Perimetral; Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863; Ecuador
| | - Lorena I. Jaramillo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria; Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria; Ladrón de Guevara E11-253; Quito 170525 ; Ecuador
| | - Ángela Pacheco Flores de Valgaz
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida (FCV); Campus Gustavo Galindo; Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral; Km. 30.5 vía Perimetral; Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863; Ecuador ; Laboratorio de Instrumental; Ingeniería en Biotecnología; Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida; Campus María Auxiliadora; Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS); Km 19.5 vía a la Costa; Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-2074, Ecuador
| | - Sofie Van Den Hende
- Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas (CENAIM), Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), San Pedro de Manglaralto, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Santa Elena, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Manzano Santana
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida (FCV); Campus Gustavo Galindo; Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral; Km. 30.5 vía Perimetral; Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863; Ecuador; Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador (CIBE), Campus Gustavo Galindo; Km 30.5 vía Perimetral; Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863; Ecuador; Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador (CIBE), Campus Gustavo Galindo; Km 30.5 vía Perimetral; Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863; Ecuador
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Sobuj MKA, Mostofa MG, Islam Z, Rabby AF, Rahman T, Sonia SS, Hasan SJ, Rahman S. Floating raft culture of Gracilariopsis longissima for optimum biomass yield performance on the coast of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2308. [PMID: 36759631 PMCID: PMC9911781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweed cultivation is an eco-friendly method and attracts growing interest which needs a multi-criteria approach for its sustainability. In our present study, an economically significant red alga, Gracilariopsis longissima was cultured using a floating raft method on the coast of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh for a period of 90 days from January to March 2022. The effects of different factors such as rope materials, culture type, raft shape, seeding intensity, harvesting phase and water depth on the biomass yield production of G. longissima were evaluated during a 90-day culture period. The biomass yield production and daily growth rate (DGR% day-1) were estimated to evaluate the possibilities of G. longissima cultures in a floating raft culture method. The range of biomass yield production (3.03-13.37 kg/m2) and DGR (3.08-4.72% day-1) is satisfactory in the floating raft culture method. Different water quality variables, the seasonal appearance of epiphytic algae and a cost-benefit analysis of seaweed culture were also performed. A total of eight epiphytic algal species were recorded, which resulted in major challenges for the growth of Gracilariopsis. The per month income for a seaweed farmer was estimated to be US$175.17 for 20 rafts. Our research concluded that farming of G. longissima in the floating raft method could be successfully performed from January to March on the coast of Cox's Bazar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khairul Alam Sobuj
- Marine Fisheries and Technology Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Cox's Bazar, 4700, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Golam Mostofa
- Marine Fisheries and Technology Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Cox's Bazar, 4700, Bangladesh
| | - Zahidul Islam
- Marine Fisheries and Technology Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Cox's Bazar, 4700, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmad Fazley Rabby
- Marine Fisheries and Technology Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Cox's Bazar, 4700, Bangladesh
| | - Turabur Rahman
- Marine Fisheries and Technology Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Cox's Bazar, 4700, Bangladesh
| | - Saima Sultana Sonia
- Marine Fisheries and Technology Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Cox's Bazar, 4700, Bangladesh
| | - Shanur Jahedul Hasan
- Marine Fisheries and Technology Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Cox's Bazar, 4700, Bangladesh
| | - Shafiqur Rahman
- Marine Fisheries and Technology Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Cox's Bazar, 4700, Bangladesh
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Enhancement of cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of Digenea simplex chloroform extract using the nanosuspension technique. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:279-296. [PMID: 36536224 PMCID: PMC9879839 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02833-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Digenea simplex (D. simplex), an Egyptian marine red macroalga, contains a diverse group of phytochemicals with unique bioactivities. At the same time, the synthesis of nanosuspension (NS) has received increasing interest to optimize the technological aspects of drugs. Thence, the main objective of this work was to use the chloroform extract (ChlE) of D. simplex to prepare its nanosuspension (ChlE-NS) formulation to increase its aqueous solubility, thereby improving its bioactivity. By using FTIR, GC/MS analysis, and phytochemical screening assays, the chemical profiling of ChlE was assessed. NS was prepared by the antisolvent precipitation technique using 1.5% w/v polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). A light microscope, FTIR, particle size distribution, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP) measurements was used to characterize the prepared NS. Four cancer cell lines were used in the MTT experiment to investigate the anticancer potential of ChlE and ChlE-NS. An apoptotic mechanism was established using acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) dual staining, DNA fragmentation, and increased caspase activity. ChlE and ChlE-NS were also evaluated as antioxidants using DPPH and ABTS free radical assays. The results showed that, when compared to ChlE, ChlE-NS had greater cytotoxic activity against the four cancer cell lines. However, results of antioxidant activity showed that ChlE-NS had an IC50 of 36.86 ± 0.09 and 63.5 ± 0.47%, while ChlE had values of 39.90 ± 0.08 and 86.5 ± 0.8% in DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. Based on the results of this research, D. simplex ChlE-NS may be an effective strategy for enhancing ChlE's cytotoxic and antioxidant activities.
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Temesgen S, Sasikumar JM, Egigu MC. Effect of Extraction Solvents on Total Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Syzygium Aromaticum L. Flower Bud from Ethiopia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4568944. [PMID: 36467886 PMCID: PMC9711980 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4568944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the antioxidative activity and polyphenolic content of Syzygium aromaticum's flower bud were compared under different extraction solvents including chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous. The antioxidant activity was assessed via established in vitro assay models such as 2, 2-diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, NO- radical scavenging assay, H2O2 scavenging assay and Fe3+ reducing capacity. Total phenolic content was measured according to Folin-Ciocalteu's method, and total flavonoid content was estimated by using the aluminum chloride colorimetric method. The results showed that aqueous extract possessed the highest TPC (19.11 ± 2.76 mg GAE/g DW) and TFC (15.32 ± 1.53 mg CtE/g DW). Among the extracts, methanol extract exerted the strongest radical DPPH quenching activity with an IC50 value of 303.56 ± 13.14 μg/mL. The highest NO- radical scavenging activity was shown by methanol extract (IC50192.94 ± 1.9 μg/mL) which is stronger than BHT (IC50247.64 ± 12.89 μg/mL). Methanol extract showed a strong H2O2 scavenging activity (IC50233.71 ± 3.72 μg/mL). The highest Fe3+ reducing capacity was shown by methanol extract (Absorbance = 0.36 ± 0.05). Strong and positive correlations were observed between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant assays. The results of the present work revealed that the tested spice demonstrated high antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and flavonoids. Thus, this spice is worth considering as important source of natural antioxidant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. M. Sasikumar
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, P.O. Box 138, Ethiopia
| | - Meseret C. Egigu
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, P.O. Box 138, Ethiopia
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Sapatinha M, Oliveira A, Costa S, Pedro S, Gonçalves A, Mendes R, Bandarra NM, Pires C. Red and brown seaweeds extracts: A source of biologically active compounds. Food Chem 2022; 393:133453. [PMID: 35751208 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The biological activities of Porphyra sp., Gracilaria gracilis, Alaria esculenta and Saccharina latissima extracts prepared by enzymatic and ball milling-assisted methods and hot water were evaluated. Enzyme-assisted methods allowed the highest extraction yields. Alcalase-assisted extraction (EAA) was the most effective in the recovery of polyphenolic compounds and Porphyra sp. had the highest content. The efficiency of flavonoids extraction was highly dependent on the used method. Globally, Porphyra sp. and EAA extracts exhibited the highest antioxidant and chelating activities. The highest α-amylase inhibitory activity was determined in HW Porphyra sp. extract while EAA A. esculenta extract had the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The highest ACE inhibitory activity was obtained in EAA from S. latissima. None of the extracts showed antimicrobial activity against the tested bacteria. The results showed that Porphyra sp. and S. latissima are potentially useful as ingredient in functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sapatinha
- IPMA, IP, Department for the Sea and Marine Resources, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal
| | - A Oliveira
- IPMA, IP, Department for the Sea and Marine Resources, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal
| | - S Costa
- IPMA, IP, Department for the Sea and Marine Resources, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal
| | - S Pedro
- IPMA, IP, Department for the Sea and Marine Resources, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - A Gonçalves
- IPMA, IP, Department for the Sea and Marine Resources, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - R Mendes
- IPMA, IP, Department for the Sea and Marine Resources, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - N M Bandarra
- IPMA, IP, Department for the Sea and Marine Resources, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - C Pires
- IPMA, IP, Department for the Sea and Marine Resources, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Veeragoni D, Deshpande S, Rachamalla HK, Ande A, Misra S, Mutheneni SR. In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer and Genotoxicity Profiles of Green Synthesized and Chemically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2324-2339. [PMID: 35426672 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles were green synthesized (Ag-PTs) employing the crude extract of Padina tetrastromatica, a marine alga, and their anticancer and safety profile were compared with those of chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) by in vitro and in vivo models. Ag-PT exhibited potent cytotoxicity against B16-F10 (IC50 = 3.29), MCF-7 (IC50 = 4.36), HEPG2 (IC50 =3.89), and HeLa (IC50 = 4.97) cancer cell lines, whereas they exhibited lower toxicity on normal CHO-K1 cells (IC50 = 5.16). The potent anticancer activity of Ag-PTs on cancer cells is due to the liberation of ions from the nanoparticles. Increased ion internalization to the cells promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and ultimately leads to cell death. The in vitro anticancer results and in vivo melanoma tumor regression study showed significant inhibition of melanoma tumor growth due to Ag-PT treatment. Ag-PT is involved in the upregulation of the p53 protein and downregulation of Sox-2 along with the Ki-67 protein. The antitumor effects of Ag-PTs may be due to the additional release of ions at a lower pH of the tumor microenvironment than that of the normal tissue. The results of safety investigations of Ag-PT by studying mitotic chromosome aberrations (CAs), micronucleus (MN) induction, and mitotic index (MI) demonstrated Ag-PT to be less genotoxic compared to Ag-NP. The bioefficacy and toxicology outcomes together demonstrated that the green synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-PTs) could be explored to develop a biocompatible, therapeutic agent and a vehicle of drug delivery for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileepkumar Veeragoni
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector-19, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shruti Deshpande
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector-19, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hari Krishnareddy Rachamalla
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Arundha Ande
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sunil Misra
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector-19, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Srinivasa Rao Mutheneni
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector-19, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Recent Progress in Antioxidant Active Substances from Marine Biota. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030439. [PMID: 35326090 PMCID: PMC8944465 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The well-recognized but not fully explored antioxidant activity of marine-biota-derived, biologically active substances has led to interest in their study as substitutes of antibiotics, antiaging agents, anticancer and antiviral drugs, and others. The aim of this review is to present the current state of the art of marine-biota-derived antioxidants to give some ideas for potential industrial applications. Methods: This review is an update for the last 5 years on the marine sources of natural antioxidants, different classes antioxidant compounds, and current derivation biotechnologies. Results: New marine sources of antioxidants, including byproducts and wastes, are presented, along with new antioxidant substances and derivation approaches. Conclusions: The interest in high-value antioxidants from marine biota continues. Natural substances combining antioxidant and antimicrobial action are of particular interest because of the increasing microbial resistance to antibiotic treatments. New antioxidant substances are discovered, along with those extracted from marine biota collected in other locations. Byproducts and wastes provide a valuable source of antioxidant substances. The application of optimized non-conventional derivation approaches is expected to allow the intensification of the production and improvement in the quality of the derived substances. The ability to obtain safe, high-value products is of key importance for potential industrialization.
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