1
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Ghanbari M, Mousavi SN, Chamani M. Effects of different lipid sources on performance, blood lipid parameters, immune system activity, and expression of TNFα and TLR4 genes in broiler chickens. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024:106873. [PMID: 39002707 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of different lipid sources on the performance, blood lipid parameters, immune system activity, and the expression of TNFα and TLR4 genes in broiler chickens. A total of 500 one-day-old male chicks of the ROSS 308 commercial strain were allocated into four treatment groups with five replicates each (each replicate comprised of 25 chickens), following a randomized design. The treatments were as follows: (1) a diet incorporating palm oil (PO, a source of saturated fatty acids); (2) a diet incorporating flaxseed oil (FO, a source of omega-3); (3) a diet incorporating soybean oil (SO, a source of omega-6); and (4) a diet incorporating olive oil (OO, a source of omega-9). According to the findings, the broiler chickens exhibited a significant increase in body weight gain (BWG) throughout the study when their diet consisted of unsaturated oils, as opposed to a diet including PO. Conversely, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly decreased (P<0.01). The treatment with FO resulted in the highest percentage of lymphocytes and antibody titers against Newcastle and Gumboro diseases, showing a significant difference compared to the treatment with PO (P<0.01). Moreover, the relative expression of TNFα and TLR4 genes was the lowest following the FO treatment, indicating a significant decrease compared to the treatment with PO. Overall, the present findings demonstrated that incorporating omega-3 fatty acids into the diet was more effective in enhancing the growth performance, immune system, and health of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ghanbari
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, 1477893855, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Naser Mousavi
- Department of Animal Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Chamani
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, 1477893855, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Li W, Xu M, Zhang Z, Liang J, Fu R, Lin W, Luo W, Zhang X, Ren T. Regulatory Effects of 198-bp Structural Variants in the GSTA2 Promoter Region on Adipogenesis in Chickens. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7155. [PMID: 39000259 PMCID: PMC11241197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular breeding accelerates animal breeding and improves efficiency by utilizing genetic mutations. Structural variations (SVs), a significant source of genetic mutations, have a greater impact on phenotypic variation than SNPs. Understanding SV functional mechanisms and obtaining precise information are crucial for molecular breeding. In this study, association analysis revealed significant correlations between 198-bp SVs in the GSTA2 promoter region and abdominal fat weight, intramuscular fat content, and subcutaneous fat thickness in chickens. High expression of GSTA2 in adipose tissue was positively correlated with the abdominal fat percentage, and different genotypes of GSTA2 exhibited varied expression patterns in the liver. The 198-bp SVs regulate GSTA2 expression by binding to different transcription factors. Overexpression of GSTA2 promoted preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation, while interference had the opposite effect. Mechanistically, the 198-bp fragment contains binding sites for transcription factors such as C/EBPα that regulate GSTA2 expression and fat synthesis. These SVs are significantly associated with chicken fat traits, positively influencing preadipocyte development by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. Our work provides compelling evidence for the use of 198-bp SVs in the GSTA2 promoter region as molecular markers for poultry breeding and offers new insights into the pivotal role of the GSTA2 gene in fat generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyu Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome and Molecular Breeding of Agricultural Animals and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Meng Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jiaying Liang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome and Molecular Breeding of Agricultural Animals and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome and Molecular Breeding of Agricultural Animals and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wujian Lin
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome and Molecular Breeding of Agricultural Animals and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome and Molecular Breeding of Agricultural Animals and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome and Molecular Breeding of Agricultural Animals and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tuanhui Ren
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome and Molecular Breeding of Agricultural Animals and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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3
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Xing W, Li S. LncRNA ENSGALG00000021686 regulates fat metabolism in chicken hepatocytes via miR-146b/AGPAT2 pathway. Anim Genet 2024; 55:420-429. [PMID: 38369771 DOI: 10.1111/age.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The liver contributes to lipid metabolism as the hub of fat synthesis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are considered the regulators of cellular processes. Since LncRNA ENSGALG00000021686 (lncRNA 21 686) has been described as a regulator of lipid metabolism, the present study aimed to clarify the role of lncRNA 21 686 in chicken hepatocytes' lipid metabolism. Thirty-two chickens were divided into four groups and were treated with diets containing different amounts of fat, and the hepatic expression of lncRNA 21 686 and miR-146b along with the levels of proteins involved in the regulation of fat metabolism, lipid indices and oxidative stress were measured. Moreover, primary chicken hepatocytes were transfected with lncRNA 21 686 small interfering RNA or microRNA (miRNA, miR)-146b mimics to measure the consequences of suppressing lncRNA or inducing miRNA expression on the levels of proteins involved in fat metabolism and stress markers. The results showed that the high-fat diet modulated the expression of lncRNA 21 686 and miR-146b (p-value < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant increase in 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 2 (AGPAT2) gene expression and protein levels and modulated fat-related markers. Furthermore, the results showed that lncRNA 21 686 suppression reduced the expression of AGPAT2 and its downstream proteins (p-value < 0.05). Overexpression of miR-146b regulated fat metabolism indicator expression. Transfection experiments revealed that lncRNA 21 686 suppression increased miR-146b expression. The findings suggested a novel mechanism containing lncRNA 21 686/miR-146b/AGPAT2 in the regulation of fat metabolism in chicken hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shijie Li
- Dongying Jintengsheng Medical Device Sales Co., Ltd., Dongying, Shandong Province, China
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4
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Poorghasemi M, Chamani M, Mirhosseini SZ, Saravy A, Sadeghi AA, Seidavi A, D'Avila Lima HJ. Effects of different lipid sources with or without a probiotic on gastrointestinal tract, immune system and blood parameters of chickens: An animal model. Lipids 2024. [PMID: 38770909 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different lipid sources, with or without a probiotic, on the gastrointestinal tract, immune system and blood parameters of Ross 308 male chickens. In this study, 360 one-day-old chickens were randomly allotted to six treatments with six replicates. Experimental diets were: (1) control (CTL); (2) a diet containing 30 g/kg lipid from tallow (CTL+TLW); (3) a diet containing 30 g/kg lipid from soybean oil (CTL+SO); (4) the basal diet plus a probiotic (CTL+PRO), (5) a diet containing 30 g/kg tallow plus probiotic (TLW+PRO); and (6) a diet containing 30 g/kg soybean oil plus probiotic (SO+PRO). The percentage of liver and jejunum in the treatments that used tallow alone or tallow with probiotics had a significant increase as compared to the control. The villus height and crypt depth of the ileum and villus height/crypt depth in the treatments that used soybean oil and probiotic alone had a significant increase compared to the control. The weight of the spleen, bursa of Fabricius, and thymus in the treatments that used probiotics had a significant increase compared to the control. The amount of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase as well as triacylglycerol in the treatment containing probiotic and its mixture with soybean oil had the least significant difference with the control. The results showed that the use of soybean oil, probiotics, and their mixture can improve intestinal morphology, strengthen the immune system, and reduce liver enzymes in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Poorghasemi
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Chamani
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Saravy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ali-Asghar Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Heder José D'Avila Lima
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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5
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Lu XR, Tao Q, Qin Z, Liu XW, Li SH, Bai LX, Ge WB, Liu YX, Li JY, Yang YJ. A combined transcriptomics and proteomics approach to reveal the mechanism of AEE relieving hyperlipidemia in ApoE -/- mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116400. [PMID: 38484560 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia caused by abnormal lipid metabolism has reached epidemic proportions. This phenomenon is also common in companion animals. Previous studies showed that AEE significantly improves abnormal blood lipids in hyperlipidemia rats and mice, but its mechanism is still not clear enough. In this study, the mechanism and potential key pathways of AEE on improving hyperlipidemia in mice were investigated through the transcriptome and proteome study of ApoE-/- mice liver and the verification study on high-fat HepG2 cells. The results showed that AEE significantly decreased the serum TC and LDL-C levels of hyperlipidemia ApoE-/- mice, and significantly increased the enzyme activity of CYP7A1. After AEE intervention, the results of mice liver transcriptome and proteome showed that differential genes and proteins were enriched in lipid metabolism-related pathways. The results of RT-qPCR showed that AEE significantly regulated the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in mice liver tissue. AEE significantly upregulated the protein expression of CYP7A1 in hyperlipidemia ApoE-/- mice liver tissue. The results in vitro showed that AEE significantly decreased the levels of TC and TG, and improved lipid deposition in high-fat HepG2 cells. AEE significantly increased the expression of CYP7A1 protein in high-fat HepG2 cells. AEE regulates the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in high-fat HepG2 cells, mainly by FXR-SHP-CYP7A1 and FGF19-TFEB-CYP7A1 pathways. To sum up, AEE can significantly improve the hyperlipidemia status of ApoE-/- mice and the lipid deposition of high-fat HepG2 cells, and its main pathway is probably the bile acid metabolism-related pathway centered on CYP7A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Rong Lu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Qi Tao
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Zhe Qin
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Xi-Wang Liu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Shi-Hong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Li-Xia Bai
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Wen-Bo Ge
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Ya-Xian Liu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Ya-Jun Yang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
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6
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Cao Y, Jia Q, Xing Y, Ma C, Guan H, Tian W, Kang X, Tian Y, Liu X, Li H. STC2 Inhibits Hepatic Lipid Synthesis and Correlates with Intramuscular Fatty Acid Composition, Body Weight and Carcass Traits in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:383. [PMID: 38338026 PMCID: PMC10854843 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) is a secreted glycoprotein involved in multiple biological processes. To systemically study the biological role of STC2 in chickens, phylogenetic tree analysis and conservation analysis were conducted. Association analysis between variations in the STC2 gene and the economic traits of Gushi-Anka F2 was conducted. The tissue expression patterns of STC2 expression in different chicken tissues and liver at different stages were detected. The biological role of STC2 in chicken liver was investigated through overexpression and interfering methods in the LMH cell line. Correlation analyses between STC2 expression and lipid components were conducted. (1) The phylogenetic tree displayed that chicken STC2 is most closely related with Japanese quail and most distantly related with Xenopus tropicalis. STC2 has the same identical conserved motifs as other species. (2) rs9949205 (T > C) found in STC2 intron was highly significantly correlated with chicken body weight at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks (p < 0.01). Extremely significant correlations of rs9949205 with semi-evisceration weight (SEW), evisceration weight (EW), breast muscle weight (BMW), leg muscle weight (LMW), liver weight and abdominal fat weight (AFW) were revealed (p < 0.01). Significant associations between rs9949205 and abdominal fat percentage, liver weight rate, breast muscle weight rate and leg muscle weight rate were also found (p < 0.05). Individuals with TT or TC genotypes had significantly lower abdominal fat percentage and liver weight rate compared to those with the CC genotype, while their body weight and other carcass traits were higher. (3) STC2 showed a high expression level in chicken liver tissue, which significantly increased with the progression of age (p < 0.05). STC2 was observed to inhibit the content of lipid droplets, triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol (TC), as well the expression level of genes related to lipid metabolism in LMH cells. (4) Correlation analysis showed that the STC2 gene was significantly correlated with 176 lipids in the breast muscle (p < 0.05) and mainly enriched in omega-3 and omega-6 unsaturated fatty acids. In conclusion, the STC2 gene in chicken might potentially play a crucial role in chicken growth and development, as well as liver lipid metabolism and muscle lipid deposition. This study provides a scientific foundation for further investigation into the regulatory mechanism of the STC2 gene on lipid metabolism and deposition in chicken liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.C.); (Q.J.); (Y.X.); (C.M.); (H.G.); (W.T.); (X.K.); (Y.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Qihui Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.C.); (Q.J.); (Y.X.); (C.M.); (H.G.); (W.T.); (X.K.); (Y.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Yuxin Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.C.); (Q.J.); (Y.X.); (C.M.); (H.G.); (W.T.); (X.K.); (Y.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Chenglin Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.C.); (Q.J.); (Y.X.); (C.M.); (H.G.); (W.T.); (X.K.); (Y.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Hongbo Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.C.); (Q.J.); (Y.X.); (C.M.); (H.G.); (W.T.); (X.K.); (Y.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Weihua Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.C.); (Q.J.); (Y.X.); (C.M.); (H.G.); (W.T.); (X.K.); (Y.T.); (X.L.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.C.); (Q.J.); (Y.X.); (C.M.); (H.G.); (W.T.); (X.K.); (Y.T.); (X.L.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.C.); (Q.J.); (Y.X.); (C.M.); (H.G.); (W.T.); (X.K.); (Y.T.); (X.L.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.C.); (Q.J.); (Y.X.); (C.M.); (H.G.); (W.T.); (X.K.); (Y.T.); (X.L.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.C.); (Q.J.); (Y.X.); (C.M.); (H.G.); (W.T.); (X.K.); (Y.T.); (X.L.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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7
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Rbah Y, Taaifi Y, Allay A, Belhaj K, Melhaoui R, Houmy N, Ben Moumen A, Azeroual E, Addi M, Mansouri F, Serghini-Caid H, Elamrani A. A Comprehensive Exploration of the Fatty Acids Profile, Cholesterol, and Tocopherols Levels in Liver from Laying Hens Fed Diets Containing Nonindustrial Hemp Seed. SCIENTIFICA 2024; 2024:8848436. [PMID: 38222849 PMCID: PMC10783980 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8848436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of dietary nonindustrial Moroccan hemp seed (HS) on the fatty acid profile, cholesterol, and tocopherol levels, in the liver of 120 Lohmann brown laying hens aged 22 weeks during 12 weeks of treatment. The hens are randomly allocated into four treatment groups, each subdivided into six replicates with five birds in each replicate. The dietary treatments consist of 0% HS (control), 10% HS, 20% HS, and 30% HS. Results indicate a substantial increase (p < 0.01) in polyunsaturated fatty acids, including omega 3 (n-3) and omega 6 (n-6) types, with the inclusion of HS in the diet. The n-6/n-3 ratio is significantly reduced (p < 0.01), and there is a significant reduction (p < 0.01) in saturated fatty acids only for the 30% HS treatment, indicating a more favorable fatty acid composition. Cholesterol levels remain largely unaffected by HS inclusion, except for the 10% HS group, which shows a significant decrease (p < 0.05). Moreover, hepatic tocopherol levels are significantly elevated (p < 0.01) in subjects receiving the HS diet, with the 30% HS group exhibiting the highest tocopherol content. In summary, incorporating HS into the diet up to 30% appears to offer promising benefits for hepatic lipid composition, particularly in terms of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, the n-6/n-3 ratio, and tocopherol levels, while having minimal impact on cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Rbah
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Yassine Taaifi
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Aymane Allay
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Kamal Belhaj
- Laboratory of Sustainable Agriculture Management, Higher School of Technology Sidi Bennour, University Chouaib Doukkali, Street Jabran Khalil Jabran BP 299-24000, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Reda Melhaoui
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Nadia Houmy
- Agro-Food Technology and Quality Laboratory, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Oujda National Institute of Agricultural Research, Ennasr Av, BP 415, Rabat 10090, Morocco
| | - Abdessamad Ben Moumen
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | | | - Mohamed Addi
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Farid Mansouri
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
- Laboratory LSAIP Higher School of Education and Training, Mohammed I University, BP-410, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Hana Serghini-Caid
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Elamrani
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
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8
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Wang L, Wang Z, Chen Y, Cao J. Effects of monochromatic light on hepatic glycogen and lipid synthesis in broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103193. [PMID: 37931402 PMCID: PMC10654228 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal growth is closely related to glycolipid metabolism, and the liver is the main organ for glycogen storage and fat synthesis in birds, but whether monochromatic light affects glycogen and lipid synthesis in the liver is unclear. Therefore, in this study, a total of 96 Arbor Acre (AA) broilers at posthatching d 0 (P0) were raised under 4 kinds of light-emitting diode (LED) lights, white light (WL), red light (RL), green light (GL), and blue light (BL), to posthatching d 21 (P21) and 35 (P35). The results showed that the liver, abdominal fat, and abdominal fat indices gradually increased with increasing age under monochromatic light treatments. The liver glycogen and triglyceride (TG) contents also showed an increasing trend. Furthermore, compared with those at P21, the mRNA levels of glycogen synthase (GS), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and protein kinase B (AKT1) in the liver were increased in the WL and RL groups at P35, and the mRNA levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and apolipoprotein B (APOB) increased in all groups at P35. At the same time, the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) contents increased in all groups at P35 compared with those at P21. In addition, at P21, compared with WL, GL and BL promoted the serum glucose (GLU) and TG contents by increasing the mRNA levels of GS, GSK-3β, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC), ACC, and fatty acid synthase (FAS), but no effect on the proliferative ability and damage of hepatocytes. At P35, RL promoted the hepatic glycogen and TG contents by increasing GSK-3β, AKT1, ACC, and APOB mRNA levels, and the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were increased than in the WL group. These results suggest that the effects of light color on liver glycogen and lipid synthesis in broilers changed with age, and also provide a theoretical guidance for scientific use of color of light information to improve productive performance in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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9
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Cellini B, Pampalone G, Camaioni E, Pariano M, Catalano F, Zelante T, Dindo M, Macchioni L, Di Veroli A, Galarini R, Paoletti F, Davidescu M, Stincardini C, Vascelli G, Bellet MM, Saba J, Giovagnoli S, Giardina G, Romani L, Costantini C. Dual species sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase inhibitors to combine antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities in cystic fibrosis: a feasibility study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22692. [PMID: 38123809 PMCID: PMC10733307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by respiratory failure due to a vicious cycle of defective Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) function, chronic inflammation and recurrent bacterial and fungal infections. Although the recent introduction of CFTR correctors/potentiators has revolutionized the clinical management of CF patients, resurgence of inflammation and persistence of pathogens still posit a major concern and should be targeted contextually. On the background of a network-based selectivity that allows to target the same enzyme in the host and microbes with different outcomes, we focused on sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) lyase (SPL) of the sphingolipid metabolism as a potential candidate to uniquely induce anti-inflammatory and antifungal activities in CF. As a feasibility study, herein we show that interfering with S1P metabolism improved the immune response in a murine model of CF with aspergillosis while preventing germination of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia. In addition, in an early drug discovery process, we purified human and A. fumigatus SPL, characterized their biochemical and structural properties, and performed an in silico screening to identify potential dual species SPL inhibitors. We identified two hits behaving as competitive inhibitors of pathogen and host SPL, thus paving the way for hit-to-lead and translational studies for the development of drug candidates capable of restraining fungal growth and increasing antifungal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Cellini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Gioena Pampalone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Emidio Camaioni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marilena Pariano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Flavia Catalano
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Zelante
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mirco Dindo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lara Macchioni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Veroli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Galarini
- Centro Sviluppo e Validazione Metodi, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabiola Paoletti
- Centro Sviluppo e Validazione Metodi, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Magdalena Davidescu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Stincardini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Vascelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marina Maria Bellet
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Julie Saba
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giardina
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudio Costantini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
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10
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Zhao W, Wang Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Yuan X, Zhao G, Cui H. Multi-Omics Analysis of Genes Encoding Proteins Involved in Alpha-Linolenic Acid Metabolism in Chicken. Foods 2023; 12:3988. [PMID: 37959108 PMCID: PMC10648152 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, ω-3) is an antioxidant that reduces triglyceride (TG) levels in blood, a component of cell membranes and a precursor compound of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, ω-3) and eicosatrienoic acid (DHA, ω-3). Fatty acid content is a quantitative trait regulated by multiple genes, and the key genes regulating fatty acid metabolism have not been systematically identified. This study aims at investigating the protein-encoding genes regulating ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in chicken meat. We integrated genomics, transcriptomics and lipidomics data of Jingxing yellow chicken (JXY) to explore the interactions and associations among multiple genes involved in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism. Several key genes and pathways regulating ω-3 fatty acid metabolism in chickens were identified. The upregulation of GRB10 inhibited the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby improving the content of EPA and DHA. The downregulation of FGFR3 facilitated the conversion of ALA to EPA. Additionally, we analyzed the effects of ALA supplementation dose on glycerol esters (GLs), phospholipid (PL) and fatty acyl (FA) contents, as well as the regulatory mechanisms of nutritional responses in FFA metabolism. This study provides a basis for identifying genes and pathways that regulate the content of FFAs, and offers a reference for nutritional regulation systems in production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Huanxian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.); (G.Z.)
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11
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Yu R, Xie F, Tang Q. Insight into adaption to hypoxia in Tibetan chicken embryonic brains using lipidomics. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 671:183-191. [PMID: 37302293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tibetan chickens (Gallus gallus; TBCs) are a good model for studying hypoxia-related challenges. However, lipid composition in TBC embryonic brains has not been elucidated. In this study, we characterized brain lipid profiles of embryonic day 18 TBCs and dwarf laying chickens (DLCs) during hypoxia (13% O2, HTBC18, and HDLC18) and normoxia (21% O2, NTBC18, and NDLC18) by using lipidomics. A total of 50 lipid classes, including 3540 lipid molecular species, were identified and grouped into glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, glycerolipids, sterols, prenols, and fatty acyls. Of these lipids, 67 and 97 were expressed at different levels in the NTBC18 and NDLC18, and HTBC18 and HDLC18 samples, respectively. Several lipid species, including phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), hexosylceramides, phosphatidylcholines (PCs), and phospha-tidylserines (PSs), were highly expressed in HTBC18. These results suggest that TBCs adapt bet-ter to hypoxia than DLCs and may have distinct cell membrane composition and nervous system development, at least partly owing to differential expression of several lipid species. One tri-glyceride, one PC, one PS, and three PE lipids were identified as potential markers that discrim-inated between lipid profiles of the HTBC18 and HDLC18 samples. The present study provides valuable information about the dynamic composition of lipids in TBCs that may explain the adaptation of this species to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runjie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuyin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiguo Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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12
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Mancinelli AC, Menchetti L, Birolo M, Bittante G, Chiattelli D, Castellini C. Crossbreeding to improve local chicken breeds: predicting growth performance of the crosses using the Gompertz model and estimated heterosis. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102783. [PMID: 37269793 PMCID: PMC10242636 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to validate the Gompertz model to predict the growth performance of chicken crosses according to growth curve parameters of the parental lines and the estimated heterosis for each curve parameter. A total of 252 one-day-old chicks of both sexes belonging to 6 genotypes, including Ross 308, Sassò (SA), Bionda Piemontese (BP), and Robusta Maculata (RM), and the crosses between these local breeds and SA (BP × SA and RM × SA) were randomly allocated in 18 pens (3 pens/genotype) in mixed-sex groups (14 animals/pen; 7 females and 7 males). The individual body weight (BW) of all birds was recorded once a week from hatching until slaughtering (81 d for Ross 308; 112 d for SA, 140 d for the other genotypes). We drew up our final dataset with 240 birds (40 birds/genotype; 20 females and 20 males). The growth curve of each genotype was described using the Gompertz model, and the heterosis for each growth curve parameter was calculated as the difference between F1 crosses and the average of parental breeds. The predicted growth curve parameters were evaluated by cross-validation. The Gompertz model accurately estimated the growth curves of all the genotypes (R2 > 0.90). Heterosis was significant for almost all growth curve parameters in both crosses (P < 0.05). Heterosis ranged from -13.0 to +11.5%, depending on parameters, but varied slightly between the crossbreeds (BP × SA and RM × SA). The predicted values of adult BW, weight at the inflection point, and maximum growth rate were overestimated for BP × SA and underestimated for RM × SA, with a mean error between observed and predicted values <│2.7│% for all the curve parameters. In conclusion, the growth performance of chicken crosses between local breeds and commercial strains can be accurately predicted with Gompertz parameters of the parental lines adjusting for heterosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Cartoni Mancinelli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Menchetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Macerata, Italy
| | - Marco Birolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Diletta Chiattelli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
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13
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Filho CB, Furlan JM, de Menezes CR, Cichoski AJ, Wagner R, Campagnol PCB, Lorenzo JM. Sample Preparation Methods for Fatty Acid Analysis in Different Raw Meat Products by GC-FID. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-023-02461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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14
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In Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Plant Polyphenol Extracts and Their Combined Effect with Flaxseed on Raw and Cooked Breast Muscle Fatty Acid Content, Lipid Health Indices and Oxidative Stability in Slow-Growing Sasso Chickens. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010115. [PMID: 36613331 PMCID: PMC9818817 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adding flaxseed was found to decrease oxidative stability in feed and increase the antioxidant needs of chicken. This has also been associated with a decrease in the nutritional value and oxidative stability of meat if sufficient dietary antioxidants are not included. Furthermore, dietary flaxseed has been explored in fast-growing chickens as such studies are limited with slow-growing chickens. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding plant polyphenol extracts as an antioxidant alongside flaxseed on fatty acid content, oxidative stability, and lipid health indices in breast muscle of slow-growing Sasso T451A dual-purpose chicken. A total of 126 chickens assigned to six groups (seven replicates of three) were fed on NC (control and no antioxidants), FS (75 g flaxseed and no antioxidants), VE8 (75 g flaxseed and 800 mg vitamin E), TS8 (75 g flaxseed and 800 mg Thymus schimperi), DA8 (75 g flaxseed and 800 mg Dodonaea angustifolia) and CD8 (75 g flaxseed and 800 mg Curcuma domestica) extract per kg diet. Feeding on CD8 and VE8 in raw and TS8, CD8 and VE8 diets in cooked breast muscle increased (p < 0.05) the C22:6n − 3 (DHA) and C20:5n − 3 (EPA) contents compared to the FS diet. Feeding FS increased (p < 0.05) the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in breast muscle, whereas TS8 in cooked and raw and CD8 and DA8 diets in raw breast muscle decreased it (p < 0.05). No added benefit was observed in feeding VE8 over plant extracts in terms of improving fatty acid composition and lipid health indices and reducing lipid oxidation in breast meat.
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15
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Vakili R, Ebrahimnezhad Y. Impact of dietary supplementation of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids on bone strength, fatty acids profile of thigh muscle and immune responses in broiler chickens under heat stress. Vet Med Sci 2022; 9:252-262. [PMID: 36528892 PMCID: PMC9857130 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been some reports that supplementation of fat could alleviate the negative effects of heat stress on performance in broilers. However, information regarding compensation for the adverse effects of heat stress with diets differing in fatty acids source on immune system, bone strength and carcass quality of heat-distressed broilers is limited. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of diets differing in fat source on performance, immune system, bone strength, and carcass quality of heat-distressed broilers. METHODS In a completely randomized design with 4 × 2 factorial arrangement of the treatments, 320 24-day-old Ross 308 chickens, with average initial weight of 1220 ± 10 g were divided into eight treatments included sesame oil, tallow, sunflower oil and palm oil in either 22 or 32 degree of centigrade temperature. The broiler performance of each fat source-treated group was not different in this experiment and decreased significantly in heat stress condition. RESULTS Heat stress showed a significant increase on fat, energy and ash content of thigh muscle. Tibia absolute length, width, ash and bone breaking strength were affected by fat source and increased when sesame and sunflower oil were used. Data analysis revealed that hot temperature decreased tibia weight, length, width, ash and bone breaking strength. Heat stress led to decrease of immune system parameters. CONCLUSION Results suggest that there is no beneficial effect of broiler performance due to adding different sources of fat in broiler chicken diet under hot condition. Furthermore, the unsaturated fatty acids could improve the profile of fatty acids in thigh and enhance immune responses in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Vakili
- Department of Animal ScienceKashmar Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityKashmarIran
| | - Yahya Ebrahimnezhad
- Department of Animal ScienceShabestar Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityShabestarIran
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16
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Mattioli S, Mancinelli AC, Dal Bosco A, Ciarelli C, Amato MG, Angelucci E, Chiattelli D, Castellini C. Intake of nutrients (polyunsaturated fatty acids, tocols, and carotenes) and storage efficiency in different slow-growing chickens genotypes reared in extensive systems. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275527. [PMID: 36318531 PMCID: PMC9624413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An extensive rearing system (ERS) for poultry requires an outdoor run, which enhances the foraging activity of chickens. Slow-growing (SG) strains are more adapted to ERS than fast-growing (FG); and generally, have higher levels of bioactive compounds in their meat. The aim of this paper was to assess the storage efficiency of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), tocols and carotenes in the meat of seven commercial SG genotypes (SG1-7). One hundred SG chicks/strain of both sexes were included and their walking activity (High- or Low-W) was classified: SG1-4, HW comprised more than 10% of the time budget, and SG5-7, less than 10% (LW). Chickens were reared in pens (4 pens/strain) with indoor (0.10 m2/bird) and outdoor (4 m2/bird) areas, and they were fed the same diet ad libitum (starter feed for 1-21 d, grower feed from 22 d to slaughter at 81 d). The chickens were weighed weekly; feed consumption and grass intake were also estimated. At 81 days of age, 32 chickens/genotype were selected on the basis of the average weight (1:1, M:F) and slaughtered. The breast, thigh and drumstick meat were excised from 30 carcasses/genotype, sampled and stored at -20°C until analysis. Nutrients (e.g., n-3, n-6, carotenes and tocols) of feed, grass and meat were analyzed. The storage efficiency of nutrients was estimated as the ratio between the amount deposited in the body muscles (OUT) and the dietary intake (feed and grass, IN). The genotype affected chickens foraging behavior and the intake of nutrients. For SG1, SG2 and SG3, more than 50% of the intake of n-3 came from grass, whereas in the other genotypes, less than 20%. Accordingly, chickens that foraged more showed better meat nutritional profiles (less fat, more n-3 and antioxidants), which, in ERS, was ascribed to grass ingestion. However, the storage efficiency of nutrients into meat was inversely correlated with the grass intake: strains with higher grass intake (SG1, SG2, and SG3) had lower storage rates. Several hypotheses were proposed to explain these trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Mattioli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Alice Cartoni Mancinelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dal Bosco
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Ciarelli
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment–DAFNAE, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell’Università, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Monica Guarino Amato
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Livestock Production and Aquaculture, Roma, Italy
| | - Elisa Angelucci
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Diletta Chiattelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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17
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Sergin S, Jambunathan V, Garg E, Rowntree JE, Fenton JI. Fatty Acid and Antioxidant Profile of Eggs from Pasture-Raised Hens Fed a Corn- and Soy-Free Diet and Supplemented with Grass-Fed Beef Suet and Liver. Foods 2022; 11:foods11213404. [PMID: 36360017 PMCID: PMC9658713 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in using grass-fed beef (GFB) by-products to augment the nutrient profile of eggs among local pasture-raising systems in the US. The objective of this study was to characterize egg yolk fatty acid and antioxidant profiles using eggs from pasture-raised hens fed a corn- and soy-free diet and supplemented with GFB suet and liver compared to eggs from pasture-raised hens fed a corn and soy layer hen feed and commercially obtained cage-free eggs. The egg yolk vitamin and mineral profile was also assessed by a commercial laboratory. Both pasture-raised groups had twice as much carotenoid content, three times as much omega-3 fatty acid content, and a 5−10 times lower omega-6:omega-3 fatty acid ratio compared to the cage-free eggs (p < 0.001). Eggs from hens fed a corn- and soy-free feed and GFB by-products had half as much omega-6 fatty acid content and five times more conjugated linoleic acid, three times more odd-chain fatty acid, and 6−70 times more branched-chain fatty acid content (p < 0.001). Feeding pasture-raised hens GFB suet and liver reduces agricultural waste while producing improved egg products for consumers, but further research is needed to quantify optimal supplementation levels and the efficacy of corn- and soy-free diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Sergin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, 469 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Vijayashree Jambunathan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, 469 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Esha Garg
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, 469 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jason E. Rowntree
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, 474 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jenifer I. Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, 469 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-517-353-3342
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Liu R, Kong F, Xing S, He Z, Bai L, Sun J, Tan X, Zhao D, Zhao G, Wen J. Dominant changes in the breast muscle lipid profiles of broiler chickens with wooden breast syndrome revealed by lipidomics analyses. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:93. [PMID: 35927736 PMCID: PMC9354336 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chicken is the most consumed meat worldwide and the industry has been facing challenging myopathies. Wooden breast (WB), which is often accompanied by white striping (WS), is a serious myopathy adversely affecting meat quality of breast muscles. The underlying lipid metabolic mechanism of WB affected broilers is not fully understood. RESULTS A total of 150 chickens of a white-feathered, fast-growing pure line were raised and used for the selection of WB, WB + WS and control chickens. The lipids of the breast muscle, liver, and serum from different chickens were extracted and measured using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) plus Q-Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. In the breast, 560 lipid molecules were identified. Compared to controls, 225/225 of 560 lipid molecules (40.2%) were identified with differential abundance (DA), including 92/100 significantly increased neutral lipids and 107/98 decreased phospholipids in the WB/WB + WS groups, respectively. The content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was significantly higher, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) were significantly lower in the affected breasts. In the liver, 434 lipid molecules were identified, and 39/61 DA lipid molecules (6.7%/14.1%) were detected in the WB and WB + WS groups, respectively. In the serum, a total of 529 lipid molecules were identified and 4/44 DA lipid molecules (0.8%/8.3%) were detected in WB and WB + WS group, respectively. Compared to controls, the content of MUFAs in the serum and breast of the WB + WS group were both significantly increased, and the content of SFAs in two tissues were both significantly decreased. Only five lipid molecules were consistently increased in both liver and serum in WB + WS group. CONCLUSIONS We have found for the first time that the dominant lipid profile alterations occurred in the affected breast muscle. The relative abundance of 40.2% of lipid molecules were changed and is characteristic of increased neutral lipids and decreased phospholipids in the affected breasts. Minor changes of lipid profiles in the liver and serum of the affected groups were founded. Comprehensive analysis of body lipid metabolism indicated that the abnormal lipid profile of WB breast may be independent of the liver metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Fuli Kong
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Xing
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxiao He
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahong Sun
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Guiping Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Wen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry), Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
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Dal Bosco A, Cartoni Mancinelli A, Vaudo G, Cavallo M, Castellini C, Mattioli S. Indexing of Fatty Acids in Poultry Meat for Its Characterization in Healthy Human Nutrition: A Comprehensive Application of the Scientific Literature and New Proposals. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153110. [PMID: 35956287 PMCID: PMC9370420 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken meat is becoming the most consumed in the world for both economic and nutritional reasons; regarding the latter, the lipid profile may play positive or negative roles in the prevention and treatment of diseases. In this study, we define the state of the art of lipid-based nutritional indexes and used the lipid content and fatty acid profile (both qualitative and quantitative) of breast meat of two poultry genotypes with different growth rates and meat traits. Further, we summarize and review the definitions, implications, and applications of nutritional indexes used in recent years and others of our own design to provide a useful tool to researchers working in the field of meat quality (not only in poultry) to select the most appropriate index for their own scientific purposes. All indexes show advantages and disadvantages; hence, a rational choice should be applied to consider the nutritional effect of meat on human health and for a possible assessment of the most suitable rearing systems (genotype, feeding, farming system or postmortem handling).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Dal Bosco
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (A.D.B.); (C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Alice Cartoni Mancinelli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (A.D.B.); (C.C.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-075-585-7123
| | - Gaetano Vaudo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (G.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Massimiliano Cavallo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (G.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (A.D.B.); (C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Simona Mattioli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (A.D.B.); (C.C.); (S.M.)
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Adaptability Challenges for Organic Broiler Chickens: A Commentary. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111354. [PMID: 35681819 PMCID: PMC9179304 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Organic poultry shows an increasing productive trend, rising from 3% in 2017 to 8% in 2019. Regulation EU 848/2018 puts great emphasis on the ability of broilers to adapt to outdoor systems as being essential for organic production. Organic poultry operators meet with regulatory constraints, consumer concerns, and challenges in terms of nutrition, welfare, health, and sustainability. The present commentary considers recent studies on and innovations in these topics that can affect organic production in addition to recent studies on animal adaptability to this production system. It reflects on the concept of broiler adaptability to organic systems not only as a classic genotype–environment interaction but as a necessary prerequisite for facing these relevant challenges. Abstract As organic and conventional poultry production increased in the last decade, so did consumers’ concerns, sustainability requirements, and animal welfare as well as health issues. According to Reg. EU 848/2008 on organic production, poultry must be adapted to organic outdoor systems and cope with all the regulatory constraints in terms of nutrition, health, and welfare. Adaptability must take into account the above challenges, constraints, and concerns. Chicken adaptability should not only mean being able to use pasture and outdoor areas, but also mean being able to overcome, or be resilient to, the challenges of organic farming without compromising welfare, performance, and product quality. This commentary identifies solutions to the new challenges that organic poultry chains must face in future productive scenarios, detects consumer viewpoints to provide a perspective on organic poultry production, and summarizes as well as defines chicken adaptability to organic production, assessing the main factors of chicken adaptability.
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Poultry Meat and Eggs as an Alternative Source of n-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Human Nutrition. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091969. [PMID: 35565936 PMCID: PMC9099610 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) on human health are widely known. Humans are rather inefficient in synthesizing n-3 LC-PUFA; thus, these compounds should be supplemented in the diet. However, most Western human diets have unbalanced n-6/n-3 ratios resulting from eating habits and the fact that fish sources (rich in n-3 LC-PUFA) are not sufficient (worldwide deficit ~347,956 t/y) to meet the world requirements. In this context, it is necessary to find new and sustainable sources of n-3 LC-PUFA. Poultry products can provide humans n-3 LC-PUFA due to physiological characteristics and the wide consumption of meat and eggs. The present work aims to provide a general overview of the main strategies that should be adopted during rearing and postproduction to enrich and preserve n-3 LC-PUFA in poultry products. The strategies include dietary supplementation of α-Linolenic acid (ALA) or n-3 LC-PUFA, or enhancing n-3 LC-PUFA by improving the LA (Linoleic acid)/ALA ratio and antioxidant concentrations. Moreover, factors such as genotype, rearing system, transport, and cooking processes can impact the n-3 LC-PUFA in poultry products. The use of a multifactorial view in the entire production chain allows the relevant enrichment and preservation of n-3 LC-PUFA in poultry products.
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