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Sharma N, Kumar V, S V, Umesh M, Sharma P, Thazeem B, Kaur K, Thomas J, Pasrija R, Utreja D. Hazard identification of endocrine-disrupting carcinogens (EDCs) in relation to cancers in humans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 109:104480. [PMID: 38825092 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals or carcinogens have been known for decades for their endocrine signal disruption. Endocrine disrupting chemicals are a serious concern and they have been included in the top priority toxicants and persistent organic pollutants. Therefore, researchers have been working for a long time to understand their mechanisms of interaction in different human organs. Several reports are available about the carcinogen potential of these chemicals. The presented review is an endeavor to understand the hazard identification associated with endocrine disrupting carcinogens in relation to the human body. The paper discusses the major endocrine disrupting carcinogens and their potency for carcinogenesis. It discusses human exposure, route of entry, carcinogenicity and mechanisms. In addition, the paper discusses the research gaps and bottlenecks associated with the research. Moreover, it discusses the limitations associated with the analytical techniques for detection of endocrine disrupting carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Thandalam 602105, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering (BITE) Laboratory, Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Thandalam 602105, India.
| | - Vimal S
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Thandalam 602105, India
| | - Mridul Umesh
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka 560029, India
| | - Preeti Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Basheer Thazeem
- Waste Management Division, Integrated Rural Technology Centre (IRTC), Palakkad, Kerala 678592, India
| | - Komalpreet Kaur
- Punjab Agricultural University, Institute of Agriculture, Gurdaspur, Punjab 143521, India
| | - Jithin Thomas
- Department of Biotechnology, Mar Athanasius College, Kerala, India
| | - Ritu Pasrija
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Divya Utreja
- Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
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Wei W, Wei S, Huang Z, Zhang Q, Liu F, Xie Y, Wei J, Mo C, Zhou Y, Qin S, Zou Q, Yang J. The relationship between women's body mass index and breast cancer outcomes was U-shaped. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1191093. [PMID: 37305586 PMCID: PMC10248463 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1191093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have analyzed the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the prognosis of breast cancer (BC). However, whether their relationship is linear or curvilinear remains unclear. This cohort study examined the specific relationship between BMI and BC outcomes. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 1049 BC patients from March 7, 2013 through December 31, 2019 in a hospital. Kaplan-Meier curves, multivariate Cox proportional models, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to analysis the relationship between BMI and overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) was analyzed. Results During a median of 4.87 (IQR:3.26-6.84) years of follow-up period, 71 patients (6.77%) died, of which 50 (70.42%) were attributed to BC. RCS analysis revealed a U- shaped relationship between BMI levels and OS and BCSS after adjusting for other variables. The turning points of the U-shaped curves were 23 kg/m2. On the left side of the turning point, the risk of OS (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70, 0.98) and BCSS (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.65, 0.98) were adversely correlated with BMI. In contrast, to the right of the turning point, the risk of OS (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.10, 1.37) and BCSS (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13, 1.46) was positively related to BMI. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression analyses shown consistent results with RCS analyses. Conclusion BMI was an independent prognostic factor for BC, and had a U-shaped relationship with OS and BCSS. Interventions should be designed to improve patient outcomes based on BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensong Wei
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Suosu Wei
- Department of Scientific Cooperation of Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiuhuan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guang-xi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yujie Xie
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chongde Mo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shengpeng Qin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Quanqing Zou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianrong Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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The Emerging Role of Epigenetics in Metabolism and Endocrinology. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020256. [PMID: 36829533 PMCID: PMC9953656 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Each cell in a multicellular organism has its own phenotype despite sharing the same genome. Epigenetics is a somatic, heritable pattern of gene expression or cellular phenotype mediated by structural changes in chromatin that occur without altering the DNA sequence. Epigenetic modification is an important factor in determining the level and timing of gene expression in response to endogenous and exogenous stimuli. There is also growing evidence concerning the interaction between epigenetics and metabolism. Accordingly, several enzymes that consume vital metabolites as substrates or cofactors are used during the catalysis of epigenetic modification. Therefore, altered metabolism might lead to diseases and pathogenesis, including endocrine disorders and cancer. In addition, it has been demonstrated that epigenetic modification influences the endocrine system and immune response-related pathways. In this regard, epigenetic modification may impact the levels of hormones that are important in regulating growth, development, reproduction, energy balance, and metabolism. Altering the function of the endocrine system has negative health consequences. Furthermore, endocrine disruptors (EDC) have a significant impact on the endocrine system, causing the abnormal functioning of hormones and their receptors, resulting in various diseases and disorders. Overall, this review focuses on the impact of epigenetics on the endocrine system and its interaction with metabolism.
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Lee S, Lee HA, Park B, Han H, Hong YS, Ha EH, Park H. Prospective association between phthalate exposure in childhood and liver function in adolescence: the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort Study. Environ Health 2023; 22:3. [PMID: 36609289 PMCID: PMC9817355 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00953-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalate exposure is ubiquitous due to the widespread use of plastic products in daily life, and affects several health outcomes, including metabolic diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects of phthalate exposure in childhood on liver function in adolescence. METHODS: Among 164 Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort Study participants followed up during two exposure periods (when the children were aged 3-5 and 7-9 years), 126 were followed up at age 10-15 years. To investigate the relationship between phthalate exposure during the two periods and liver enzyme levels (ALT, AST, γ-GTP) in adolescence, differences between groups and the dose-response relationship were analyzed. In addition, we investigated differences in liver enzymes between groups based on the combined exposure levels (high or low) during the two periods. The interaction effect between phthalates and BMI on liver enzyme levels was evaluated, stratified by sex. RESULTS: In the 3-5 year-old exposure period, ALT levels tended to increase as MECPP levels increased, while γ-GTP levels tended to increase as MiBP, MnBP, and ∑DBP levels increased. In addition, the group exposed to consistently high levels of phthalates at both time points had higher liver enzyme levels compared to the group that had lower exposure. In particular, the interaction effect between some phthalate metabolites and BMI in 3-5 year olds affected AST and γ-GTP levels in adolescence only in girls. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to phthalates in daily life during childhood affects liver enzyme levels in adolescence. Elevated liver enzyme levels are associated with the development of metabolic syndrome, implying that attention should be paid to phthalate exposure during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonhwa Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 07804, Seoul, Korea
- Center of Public Healthcare, National Medical Center, Seoul, 04564, Korea
| | - Hye Ah Lee
- Clinical Trial Center, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, 07985, Korea
| | - Bohyun Park
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea
| | - Hyejin Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 07804, Seoul, Korea
- Gangdong Public Healthcare Center, Seoul, 05397, Korea
| | - Young Sun Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Ha
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 07804, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyesook Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 07804, Seoul, Korea.
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 07804, Seoul, Korea.
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Golestanzadeh M, Goodarzi-Khoigani M, Shahrbanoo Daniali S, Ebrahimpour K, Zarean E, Yazdi M, Basirat Z, Kelishadi R. Association between phthalate metabolites in human amniotic fluid and offspring birth size: a sub-study of the PERSIAN birth cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:76970-76982. [PMID: 35676571 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As phthalate metabolites might cross the placenta, it is possible to find them in the amniotic fluid. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the levels of phthalate metabolites in the amniotic fluid of a sample of Iranian women and its association with neonatal anthropometric measures. The other objective was to study the potential sources of maternal exposure to phthalates. This study was conducted from June 2019 to June 2021 in Isfahan, Iran. Pregnant women were recruited from their first trimester of pregnancy and followed up until their delivery. Amniotic fluid samples were collected from those who were assigned to have delivery by cesarean section. Overall, 158 samples of amniotic fluid were collected, of which 139 samples had sufficient volume and were free of blood. Data from 142 newborns were included in this study. Four phthalate metabolites were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). After extraction of phthalate metabolites, 4 phthalate metabolites including mono-butyl phthalate (MBP; normal: 0.08 ± 0.79; overweight: 0.20 ± 1.11; obese: 0.07 ± 1.07; p-value: 0.405), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP; normal: 7.54 ± 6.69; overweight: 7.48 ± 7.16; obese: 8.67 ± 12.75; p-value: 0.729), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP; normal: 4.27 ± 6.36; overweight: 3.03 ± 8.44; obese: 3.53 ± 7.04; p-value: 0.245), and mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP; normal: 246.18 ± 189.80; overweight: 238.48 ± 200.23; obese: 287.65 ± 206.70; p-value: 0.723) were simultaneously detected in samples of maternal amniotic fluid. Our findings suggest that maternal exposure to phthalate metabolites is positively associated with in utero exposure of the developing fetus. The geometric means and medians of MBP, MBzP, MEOHP, and MEHHP of detected samples were 10.17 (9.52), 6.24 (3.47), 5.03 (11.72), and 174.79 (229.94) (μg/L), respectively. The median anthropometric measures of newborns were as follows: weight 3171.8 g, height 49.6 cm, head circumferences 34.9 cm, chest 33.3 cm, hip 31.5 cm, and arm circumferences 10.8 cm. There was no statistically significant association between phthalate metabolites concentration and newborn's anthropometric measures (p > 0.05). Future studies should focus on the collection of amniotic fluid at different trimesters and the corresponding maternal samples to better characterize the association and health impacts of these endocrine-disrupting chemicals during fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Golestanzadeh
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezarjerib Ave, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Goodarzi-Khoigani
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezarjerib Ave, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
| | - Seyede Shahrbanoo Daniali
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezarjerib Ave, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
| | - Karim Ebrahimpour
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elaheh Zarean
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine Unit, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Yazdi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezarjerib Ave, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
| | - Zohreh Basirat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine Unit, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezarjerib Ave, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran.
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