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Müller A, Stark M, Schottenhammel S, John U, Chacón J, Klingl A, Holzer VJC, Schöffer M, Gottschling M. The second most abundant dinophyte in the ponds of a botanical garden is a species new to science. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2024; 71:e13015. [PMID: 38078515 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
In the microscopy realm, a large body of dark biodiversity still awaits to be uncovered. Unarmoured dinophytes are particularly neglected here, as they only present inconspicuous traits. In a remote German locality, we collected cells, from which a monoclonal strain was established, to study morphology using light and electron microscopy and to gain DNA sequences from the rRNA operon. In parallel, we detected unicellular eukaryotes in ponds of the Botanical Garden Munich-Nymphenburg by DNA-metabarcoding (V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene), weekly sampled over the course of a year. Strain GeoK*077 turned out to be a new species of Borghiella with a distinct position in molecular phylogenetics and characteristic coccoid cells of ovoid shape as the most important diagnostic trait. Borghiella ovum, sp. nov., was also present in artificial ponds of the Botanical Garden and was the second most abundant dinophyte detected in the samples. More specifically, Borghiella ovum, sp. nov., shows a clear seasonality, with high frequency during winter months and complete absence during summer months. The study underlines the necessity to assess the biodiversity, particularly of the microscopy realm more ambitiously, if even common species such as formerly Borghiella ovum are yet unknown to science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Müller
- Faculty of Biology-Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marina Stark
- Faculty of Biology-Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophia Schottenhammel
- Faculty of Biology-Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe John
- Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Juliana Chacón
- Faculty of Biology-Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Klingl
- Faculty of Biology-Plant Development and Electron Microscopy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Victoria Julia Christine Holzer
- Faculty of Biology-Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marika Schöffer
- Faculty of Biology-Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Gottschling
- Faculty of Biology-Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Beauvais M, Schatt P, Montiel L, Logares R, Galand PE, Bouget FY. Functional redundancy of seasonal vitamin B 12 biosynthesis pathways in coastal marine microbial communities. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:3753-3770. [PMID: 38031968 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a major cofactor required by most marine microbes, but only produced by a few prokaryotes in the ocean, which is globally B12 -depleted. Despite the ecological importance of B12 , the seasonality of B12 metabolisms and the organisms involved in its synthesis in the ocean remain poorly known. Here we use metagenomics to assess the monthly dynamics of B12 -related pathways and the functional diversity of associated microbial communities in the coastal NW Mediterranean Sea over 7 years. We show that genes related to potential B12 metabolisms were characterized by an annual succession of different organisms carrying distinct production pathways. During the most productive winter months, archaea (Nitrosopumilus and Nitrosopelagicus) were the main contributors to B12 synthesis potential through the anaerobic pathway (cbi genes). In turn, Alphaproteobacteria (HIMB11, UBA8309, Puniceispirillum) contributed to B12 synthesis potential in spring and summer through the aerobic pathway (cob genes). Cyanobacteria could produce pseudo-cobalamin from spring to autumn. Finally, we show that during years with environmental perturbations, the organisms usually carrying B12 synthesis genes were replaced by others having the same gene, thus maintaining the potential for B12 production. Such ecological insurance could contribute to the long-term functional resilience of marine microbial communities exposed to contrasting inter-annual environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Beauvais
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Banyuls sur Mer, France
| | - Philippe Schatt
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Banyuls sur Mer, France
| | - Lidia Montiel
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramiro Logares
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pierre E Galand
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Écogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques (LECOB), Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Banyuls sur Mer, France
| | - François-Yves Bouget
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Banyuls sur Mer, France
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Skouroliakou DI, Breton E, Irion S, Artigas LF, Christaki U. Stochastic and Deterministic Processes Regulate Phytoplankton Assemblages in a Temperate Coastal Ecosystem. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0242722. [PMID: 36222680 PMCID: PMC9769578 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02427-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing the relative contributions of the interacting deterministic and stochastic ecological processes for phytoplankton community assembly is crucial in understanding and predicting community organization and succession at different temporal and spatial scales. In this study, we hypothesized that deterministic and stochastic ecological processes regulating phytoplankton, present seasonal and repeating patterns. This hypothesis was explored during a 5-year survey (287 samples) conducted at a small spatial scale (~15km) in a temperate coastal ecosystem (eastern English Channel). Microscopy and flow cytometry quantified phytoplankton abundance and biomass, while metabarcoding data allowed an extended evaluation of diversity and the exploration of the ecological processes regulating phytoplankton using null model analysis. Alpha diversity of phytoplankton was governed by the effect of environmental conditions (environmental filtering). Temporal community turnover (beta diversity) evidenced a consistent interannual pattern that determined the phytoplankton seasonal structure. In winter and early spring (from January to March), determinism (homogeneous selection) was the major process in the phytoplankton community assembly. The overall mean in the year was 38%. Stochastic processes (ecological drift) prevailed during the rest of the year from April to December, where the overall mean for the year was 55%. The maximum values were recorded in late spring and summer, which often presented recurrent and transient monospecific phytoplankton peaks. Overall, the prevalence of stochastic processes rendered less predictable seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton communities to future environmental change. IMPORTANCE While ecological deterministic processes are conducive to modeling, stochastic ones are far less predictable. Understanding the overall assembly processes of phytoplankton is critical in tracking and predicting future changes. The novelty of this study was that it addressed a long-posed question, on a pluriannual scale. Was seasonal phytoplankton succession influenced by deterministic processes (e.g., abiotic environment) or by stochastic ones (e.g., dispersal, or ecological drift)? Our results provided strong support for a seasonal and repeating pattern with stochastic processes (drift) prevailing during most of the year and periods with monospecific phytoplankton peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elsa Breton
- University Littoral Côte d’Opale, CNRS, Wimereux, France
| | - Solène Irion
- University Littoral Côte d’Opale, CNRS, Wimereux, France
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