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Reinke PYA, de Souza EE, Günther S, Falke S, Lieske J, Ewert W, Loboda J, Herrmann A, Rahmani Mashhour A, Karničar K, Usenik A, Lindič N, Sekirnik A, Botosso VF, Santelli GMM, Kapronezai J, de Araújo MV, Silva-Pereira TT, Filho AFDS, Tavares MS, Flórez-Álvarez L, de Oliveira DBL, Durigon EL, Giaretta PR, Heinemann MB, Hauser M, Seychell B, Böhler H, Rut W, Drag M, Beck T, Cox R, Chapman HN, Betzel C, Brehm W, Hinrichs W, Ebert G, Latham SL, Guimarães AMDS, Turk D, Wrenger C, Meents A. Calpeptin is a potent cathepsin inhibitor and drug candidate for SARS-CoV-2 infections. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1058. [PMID: 37853179 PMCID: PMC10584882 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Several drug screening campaigns identified Calpeptin as a drug candidate against SARS-CoV-2. Initially reported to target the viral main protease (Mpro), its moderate activity in Mpro inhibition assays hints at a second target. Indeed, we show that Calpeptin is an extremely potent cysteine cathepsin inhibitor, a finding additionally supported by X-ray crystallography. Cell infection assays proved Calpeptin's efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. Treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected Golden Syrian hamsters with sulfonated Calpeptin at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight reduces the viral load in the trachea. Despite a higher risk of side effects, an intrinsic advantage in targeting host proteins is their mutational stability in contrast to highly mutable viral targets. Here we show that the inhibition of cathepsins, a protein family of the host organism, by calpeptin is a promising approach for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and potentially other viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Y A Reinke
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edmarcia Elisa de Souza
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences at the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastian Günther
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Falke
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Lieske
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Ewert
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jure Loboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Aida Rahmani Mashhour
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katarina Karničar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleksandra Usenik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Lindič
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Sekirnik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Viviane Fongaro Botosso
- Virology Laboratory, Center of Development and Innovation, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Maria Machado Santelli
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josana Kapronezai
- Virology Laboratory, Center of Development and Innovation, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Valdemir de Araújo
- Virology Laboratory, Center of Development and Innovation, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taiana Tainá Silva-Pereira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Silva Tavares
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lizdany Flórez-Álvarez
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences at the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Roberta Giaretta
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, School Station, TX, USA
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurice Hauser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BMWZ, Leibniz University of Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Brandon Seychell
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Böhler
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wioletta Rut
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Drag
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tobias Beck
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Russell Cox
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BMWZ, Leibniz University of Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Henry N Chapman
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Betzel
- Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation, c/o DESY, Universität Hamburg, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brehm
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Hinrichs
- Universität Greifswald, Institute of Biochemistry, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gregor Ebert
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sharissa L Latham
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ana Marcia de Sá Guimarães
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dusan Turk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Carsten Wrenger
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences at the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alke Meents
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
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2
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Servian CDP, Spadafora-Ferreira M, dos Anjos DCC, Guilarde AO, Gomes-Junior AR, Borges MASB, Masson LC, Silva JMM, de Lima MHA, Moraes BGN, Souza SM, Xavier LE, de Oliveira DCA, Batalha-Carvalho JV, Moro AM, Bocca AL, Pfrimer IAH, Costa NL, Feres VCDR, Fiaccadori FS, Souza M, Gardinassi LG, Durigon EL, Romão PRT, Jorge SAC, Coelho V, Botosso VF, Fonseca SG. Distinct anti-NP, anti-RBD and anti-Spike antibody profiles discriminate death from survival in COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1206979. [PMID: 37876932 PMCID: PMC10591157 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces rapid production of IgM, IgA, and IgG antibodies directed to multiple viral antigens that may have impact diverse clinical outcomes. Methods We evaluated IgM, IgA, and IgG antibodies directed to the nucleocapsid (NP), IgA and IgG to the Spike protein and to the receptor-binding domain (RBD), and the presence of neutralizing antibodies (nAb), in a cohort of unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals, in the first 30 days of post-symptom onset (PSO) (T1). Results This study included 193 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) participants classified as mild, moderate, severe, critical, and fatal and 27 uninfected controls. In T1, we identified differential antibody profiles associated with distinct clinical presentation. The mild group presented lower levels of anti-NP IgG, and IgA (vs moderate and severe), anti-NP IgM (vs severe, critical and fatal), anti-Spike IgA (vs severe and fatal), and anti-RBD IgG (vs severe). The moderate group presented higher levels of anti-RBD IgA, comparing with severe group. The severe group presented higher levels of anti-NP IgA (vs mild and fatal) and anti-RBD IgG (vs mild and moderate). The fatal group presented higher levels of anti-NP IgM and anti-Spike IgA (vs mild), but lower levels of anti-NP IgA (vs severe). The levels of nAb was lower just in mild group compared to severe, critical, and fatal groups, moreover, no difference was observed among the more severe groups. In addition, we studied 82 convalescent individuals, between 31 days to 6 months (T2) or more than 6 months (T3), PSO, those: 12 mild, 26 moderate, and 46 severe plus critical. The longitudinal analyzes, for the severe plus critical group showed lower levels of anti-NP IgG, IgA and IgM, anti-Spike IgA in relation T3. The follow-up in the fatal group, reveals that the levels of anti-spike IgG increased, while anti-NP IgM levels was decreased along the time in severe/critical and fatal as well as anti-NP IgG and IgA in several/critical groups. Discussion In summary, the anti-NP IgA and IgG lower levels and the higher levels of anti-RBD and anti-Spike IgA in fatal compared to survival group of individuals admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Collectively, our data discriminate death from survival, suggesting that anti-RBD IgA and anti-Spike IgA may play some deleterious effect, in contrast with the potentially protective effect of anti-NP IgA and IgG in the survival group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina do Prado Servian
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Déborah Carolina Carvalho dos Anjos
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Adriana Oliveira Guilarde
- Departamento de Patologia Tropical e Dermatologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Antonio Roberto Gomes-Junior
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Moara Alves Santa Bárbara Borges
- Departamento de Patologia Tropical e Dermatologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Letícia Carrijo Masson
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - João Marcos Maia Silva
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sueli Meira Souza
- Laboratório Prof Margarida Dobler Komma, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eterno Xavier
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Maria Moro
- Laboratório de Biofármacos, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia – Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia (III-INCT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anamélia Lorenzetti Bocca
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Nádia Lago Costa
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiola Souza Fiaccadori
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Menira Souza
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Gardinassi
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Verônica Coelho
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia – Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia (III-INCT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Histocompatibilidade e Imunidade Celular, Hospital das Clínicas Hospital da Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Gonçalves Fonseca
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia – Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia (III-INCT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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3
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Zhang T, Tian W, Wei S, Lu X, An J, He S, Zhao J, Gao Z, Li L, Lian K, Zhou Q, Zhang H, Wang L, Su L, Kang H, Niu T, Zhao A, Pan J, Cai Q, Xu Z, Chen W, Jing H, Li P, Zhao W, Cao Y, Mi J, Chen T, Chen Y, Zou P, Lukacs-Kornek V, Kurts C, Li J, Liu X, Mei Q, Zhang Y, Wei J. Multidisciplinary recommendations for the management of CAR-T recipients in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:66. [PMID: 37501090 PMCID: PMC10375673 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) posed an unprecedented challenge on public health systems. Despite the measures put in place to contain it, COVID-19 is likely to continue experiencing sporadic outbreaks for some time, and individuals will remain susceptible to recurrent infections. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T recipients are characterized by durable B-cell aplasia, hypogammaglobulinemia and loss of T-cell diversity, which lead to an increased proportion of severe/critical cases and a high mortality rate after COVID-19 infection. Thus, treatment decisions have become much more complex and require greater caution when considering CAR T-cell immunotherapy. Hence, we reviewed the current understanding of COVID-19 and reported clinical experience in the management of COVID-19 and CAR-T therapy. After a panel discussion, we proposed a rational procedure pertaining to CAR-T recipients with the aim of maximizing the benefit of CAR-T therapy in the post COVID-19 pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Weiwei Tian
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
- Sino-German Joint Oncological Research Laboratory, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinyi Lu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
- Sino-German Joint Oncological Research Laboratory, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing An
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Shaolong He
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
- Sino-German Joint Oncological Research Laboratory, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
- Sino-German Joint Oncological Research Laboratory, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhilin Gao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
- Sino-German Joint Oncological Research Laboratory, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Li
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
- Sino-German Joint Oncological Research Laboratory, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Ke Lian
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
- Sino-German Joint Oncological Research Laboratory, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Huilai Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Liping Su
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Huicong Kang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Ting Niu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ailin Zhao
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Boren Biotherapy Translational Laboratory, Boren Clinical Translational Center, Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Qingqing Cai
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenshu Xu
- Hematology Department, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Wenming Chen
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Hongmei Jing
- Department of Hematology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Peng Li
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510535, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanhong Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shanxi, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jianqing Mi
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department and Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Ping Zou
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Veronika Lukacs-Kornek
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xiansheng Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China.
| | - Qi Mei
- Sino-German Joint Oncological Research Laboratory, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China.
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Yicheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China.
- Sino-German Joint Oncological Research Laboratory, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China.
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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4
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Oestereich L, Müller-Kräuter H, Pallasch E, Strecker T. Passive Transfer of Animal-Derived Polyclonal Hyperimmune Antibodies Provides Protection of Mice from Lethal Lassa Virus Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:1436. [PMID: 37515124 PMCID: PMC10384048 DOI: 10.3390/v15071436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lassa virus (LASV) can cause severe acute systemic infection in humans. No approved antiviral drugs or vaccines are currently available. Antibody-based therapeutics are considered a promising treatment strategy in the management of LASV disease. METHODS We used chimeric Ifnar-/- C57BL/6 (Ifnar-/- Bl6) mice, a lethal LASV mouse model, to evaluate the protective efficacy of polyclonal antibodies purified from sera of rabbits hyperimmunized with virus-like particles displaying native-like LASV glycoprotein GP spikes. RESULTS Polyclonal anti-LASV GP antibodies provided 100% protection against lethal LASV infection in a pre- and post-exposure treatment setting and prevented LASV disease. Treatment also significantly lowered viremia level and virus load in organs. When treatment was initiated at the onset of symptoms, the hyperimmune antibodies provided partial protection and increased the survival rate by 80%. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the consideration of animal-derived hyperimmune antibodies targeting GP as an effective treatment option for highly pathogenic LASV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Oestereich
- Department of Virology, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infectious Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Elisa Pallasch
- Department of Virology, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infectious Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Strecker
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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Proteomic Analysis Identifies Molecular Players and Biological Processes Specific to SARS-CoV-2 Exposure in Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810452. [PMID: 36142365 PMCID: PMC9500950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for the severe pandemic of acute respiratory disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), experienced in the 21st century. The clinical manifestations range from mild symptoms to abnormal blood coagulation and severe respiratory failure. In severe cases, COVID-19 manifests as a thromboinflammatory disease. Damage to the vascular compartment caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been linked to thrombosis, triggered by an enhanced immune response. The molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial activation have not been fully elucidated. We aimed to identify the proteins correlated to the molecular response of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after exposure to SARS-CoV-2, which might help to unravel the molecular mechanisms of endothelium activation in COVID-19. In this direction, we exposed HUVECs to SARS-CoV-2 and analyzed the expression of specific cellular receptors, and changes in the proteome of HUVECs at different time points. We identified that HUVECs exhibit non-productive infection without cytopathic effects, in addition to the lack of expression of specific cell receptors known to be essential for SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. We highlighted the enrichment of the protein SUMOylation pathway and the increase in SUMO2, which was confirmed by orthogonal assays. In conclusion, proteomic analysis revealed that the exposure to SARS-CoV-2 induced oxidative stress and changes in protein abundance and pathways enrichment that resembled endothelial dysfunction.
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Barbier M, Lee KS, Vikharankar MS, Rajpathak SN, Kadam N, Wong TY, Russ BP, Cyphert HA, Miller OA, Rader NA, Cooper M, Kang J, Sen-Kilic E, Wong ZY, Winters MT, Bevere JR, Martinez I, Devarumath R, Shaligram US, Damron FH. Passive immunization with equine RBD-specific Fab protects K18-hACE2-mice against Alpha or Beta variants of SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol 2022; 13:948431. [PMID: 36091051 PMCID: PMC9450042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.948431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergence of variants of concern (VOC) during the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the decreased efficacy of therapeutic monoclonal antibody treatments for severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, the cost of creating these therapeutic treatments is high, making their implementation in low- to middle-income countries devastated by the pandemic very difficult. Here, we explored the use of polyclonal EpF(ab’)2 antibodies generated through the immunization of horses with SARS-CoV-2 WA-1 RBD conjugated to HBsAg nanoparticles as a low-cost therapeutic treatment for severe cases of disease. We determined that the equine EpF(ab’)2 bind RBD and neutralize ACE2 receptor binding by virus for all VOC strains tested except Omicron. Despite its relatively quick clearance from peripheral circulation, a 100μg dose of EpF(ab’)2 was able to fully protect mice against severe disease phenotypes following intranasal SARS-CoV-2 challenge with Alpha and Beta variants. EpF(ab’)2 administration increased survival while subsequently lowering disease scores and viral RNA burden in disease-relevant tissues. No significant improvement in survival outcomes or disease scores was observed in EpF(ab’)2-treated mice challenged using the Delta variant at 10μg or 100µg doses. Overall, the data presented here provide a proof of concept for the use of EpF(ab’)2 in the prevention of severe SARS-CoV-2 infections and underscore the need for either variant-specific treatments or variant-independent therapeutics for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariette Barbier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Katherine S. Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Mayur S. Vikharankar
- Research and Development Department, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Shriram N. Rajpathak
- Research and Development Department, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Nandkumar Kadam
- Research and Development Department, Isera Biological Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Ting Y. Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Brynnan P. Russ
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Holly A. Cyphert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Olivia A. Miller
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Nathaniel A. Rader
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Melissa Cooper
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Jason Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Emel Sen-Kilic
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Zeriel Y. Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Michael T. Winters
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Justin R. Bevere
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Ivan Martinez
- School of Medicine, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Rachayya Devarumath
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: F. Heath Damron, ; Umesh S. Shaligram, ; Rachayya Devarumath,
| | - Umesh S. Shaligram
- Research and Development Department, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
- *Correspondence: F. Heath Damron, ; Umesh S. Shaligram, ; Rachayya Devarumath,
| | - F. Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
- *Correspondence: F. Heath Damron, ; Umesh S. Shaligram, ; Rachayya Devarumath,
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Andrade SA, Batalha-Carvalho JV, Curi R, Wen FH, Covas DT, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM, Moro AM. Equine Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Serum (ECIG) Binds to Mutated RBDs and N Proteins of Variants of Concern and Inhibits the Binding of RBDs to ACE-2 Receptor. Front Immunol 2022; 13:871874. [PMID: 35898497 PMCID: PMC9310548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.871874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been around since November 2019. As of early June 2022, more than 527 million cases were diagnosed, with more than 6.0 million deaths due to this disease. Coronaviruses accumulate mutations and generate greater diversity through recombination when variants with different mutations infect the same host. Consequently, this virus is predisposed to constant and diverse mutations. The SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern/interest (VOCs/VOIs) such as Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (B.1.1.28/P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529) have quickly spread across the world. These VOCs and VOIs have accumulated mutations within the spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) which interacts with the angiotensin-2 converting enzyme (ACE-2) receptor, increasing cell entry and infection. The RBD region is the main target for neutralizing antibodies; however, other notable mutations have been reported to enhance COVID-19 infectivity and lethality. Considering the urgent need for alternative therapies against this virus, an anti-SARS-CoV-2 equine immunoglobulin F(ab’)2, called ECIG, was developed by the Butantan Institute using the whole gamma-irradiated SARS-CoV-2 virus. Surface plasmon resonance experiments revealed that ECIG binds to wild-type and mutated RBD, S1+S2 domains, and nucleocapsid proteins of known VOCs, including Alpha, Gamma, Beta, Delta, Delta Plus, and Omicron. Additionally, it was observed that ECIG attenuates the binding of RBD (wild-type, Beta, and Omicron) to human ACE-2, suggesting that it could prevent viral entry into the host cell. Furthermore, the ability to concomitantly bind to the wild-type and mutated nucleocapsid protein likely enhances its neutralizing activity of SARS-CoV-2. We postulate that ECIG benefits COVID-19 patients by reducing the infectivity of the original virus and existing variants and may be effective against future ones. Impacting the course of the disease, mainly in the more vulnerable, reduces infection time and limits the appearance of new variants by new recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rui Curi
- Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Immunobiological Production Section, Bioindustrial Center, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fan Hui Wen
- Immunobiological Production Section, Bioindustrial Center, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Innovation and Development Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi, ; Ana Maria Moro,
| | - Ana Maria Moro
- Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Research and Development in Immunobiologicals (CeRDI), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi, ; Ana Maria Moro,
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