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Antonio-Andres G, Morales-Martinez M, Jimenez-Hernandez E, Huerta-Yepez S. The Role of PTEN in Chemoresistance Mediated by the HIF-1α/YY1 Axis in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7767. [PMID: 39063014 PMCID: PMC11276810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer. Current chemotherapy treatment regimens have improved survival rates to approximately 80%; however, resistance development remains the primary cause of treatment failure, affecting around 20% of cases. Some studies indicate that loss of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) leads to deregulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, increasing the expression of proteins involved in chemoresistance. PTEN loss results in deregulation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and induces hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) expression in various cancers. Additionally, it triggers upregulation of the Yin Yang 1 (YY1) transcription factor, leading to chemoresistance mediated by glycoprotein p-170 (Gp-170). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the PTEN/NF-κB axis in YY1 regulation via HIF-1α and its involvement in ALL. A PTEN inhibitor was administered in RS4;11 cells, followed by the evaluation of PTEN, NF-κB, HIF-1α, YY1, and Gp-170 expression, along with chemoresistance assessment. PTEN, HIF-1α, and YY1 expression levels were assessed in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from pediatric ALL patients. The results reveal that the inhibition of PTEN activity significantly increases the expression of pAkt and NF-κB, which is consistent with the increase in the expression of HIF-1α and YY1 in RS4;11 cells. In turn, this inhibition increases the expression of the glycoprotein Gp-170, affecting doxorubicin accumulation in the cells treated with the inhibitor. Samples from pediatric ALL patients exhibit PTEN expression and higher HIF-1α and YY1 expression compared to controls. PTEN/Akt/NF-κB axis plays a critical role in the regulation of YY1 through HIF-1α, and this mechanism contributes to Gp-170-mediated chemoresistance in pediatric ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Antonio-Andres
- Oncology Disease Research Unit, Children’s Hospital of Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Mario Morales-Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Oncology Disease Research Unit, Children’s Hospital of Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
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Gentile G, Poggio T, Catalano A, Voutilainen M, Lahnalampi M, Andrade-Martinez M, Ma T, Sankowski R, Goncharenko L, Tholen S, Han K, Morgens DW, Prinz M, Lübbert M, Engel S, Hartmann TN, Cario G, Schrappe M, Lenk L, Stanulla M, Duyster J, Bronsert P, Bassik MC, Cleary ML, Schilling O, Heinäniemi M, Duque-Afonso J. Development of combination therapies with BTK inhibitors and dasatinib to treat CNS-infiltrating E2A-PBX1+/preBCR+ ALL. Blood Adv 2024; 8:2846-2860. [PMID: 38598725 PMCID: PMC11176965 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The t(1;19) translocation, encoding the oncogenic fusion protein E2A (TCF3)-PBX1, is involved in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and associated with a pre-B-cell receptor (preBCR+) phenotype. Relapse in patients with E2A-PBX1+ ALL frequently occurs in the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, there is a medical need for the identification of CNS active regimens for the treatment of E2A-PBX1+/preBCR+ ALL. Using unbiased short hairpin RNA (shRNA) library screening approaches, we identified Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) as a key gene involved in both proliferation and dasatinib sensitivity of E2A-PBX1+/preBCR+ ALL. Depletion of BTK by shRNAs resulted in decreased proliferation of dasatinib-treated E2A-PBX1+/preBCR+ cells compared with control-transduced cells. Moreover, the combination of dasatinib with BTK inhibitors (BTKi; ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, or zanubrutinib) significantly decreased E2A-PBX1+/preBCR+ human and murine cell proliferation, reduced phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCG2) and BTK phosphorylation and total protein levels and increased disease-free survival of mice in secondary transplantation assays, particularly reducing CNS-leukemic infiltration. Hence, dasatinib with ibrutinib reduced pPLCG2 and pBTK in primary ALL patient samples, including E2A-PBX1+ ALLs. In summary, genetic depletion and pharmacological inhibition of BTK increase dasatinib effects in human and mouse with E2A-PBX1+/preBCR+ ALL across most of performed assays, with the combination of dasatinib and BTKi proving effective in reducing CNS infiltration of E2A-PBX1+/preBCR+ ALL cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Gentile
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Teresa Poggio
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Antonella Catalano
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Minna Voutilainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mari Lahnalampi
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marta Andrade-Martinez
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Ma
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roman Sankowski
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lina Goncharenko
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Proteomics Platform – Core Facility, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Tholen
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Proteomics Platform – Core Facility, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kyuho Han
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - David W. Morgens
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Marco Prinz
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Lübbert
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Engel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Nicole Hartmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Cario
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Schrappe
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lennart Lenk
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Stanulla
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Bronsert
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael C. Bassik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Michael L. Cleary
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Proteomics Platform – Core Facility, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Merja Heinäniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jesús Duque-Afonso
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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He H, Lin C, Lu Y, Wu H. Knockdown of miR-24 Suppressed the Tumor Growth of Cervical Carcinoma Through Regulating PTEN/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:1277-1290. [PMID: 37589947 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the most prevalent malignant tumor in gynecology. Despite routine surgery, advanced CC is hard to remove completely. MicroRNA-24 (miR-24) regulates several types of tumors, but its regulatory function in CC was previously unknown. We established stable knockdown of miR-24 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in CC cells. We measured mRNA and protein expression with RT-PCR and western blotting. We evaluated cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis with CCK8, Transwell, wound healing, and flow cytometry, respectively. We also examined the influence of miR-24 and PTEN on tumor growth in a metastatic tumor model in nude mice. The expression of miR-24 was significantly increased in CC tissues and cell lines (C-33A, HeLa S3, SiHa). MiR-24 inhibitor greatly suppressed PTEN/PI3K/AKT, while miR-24 mimic markedly activated this signaling pathway. Knockdown of PTEN significantly reversed the effects of miR-24 inhibitor on cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis of CC cells. The significant inhibition effect of tumor growth and ki67 expression caused by miR-24 inhibitor was reversed by si-PTEN. MiR-24 inhibitor significantly suppressed cell proliferation, invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, and tumor growth, while promoting cell apoptosis. However, the influence of miR-24 inhibitor was markedly reversed by si-PTEN. Targeting miR-24 could provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixin He
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No. 758 Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Cuibo Lin
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No. 758 Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Yongwei Lu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No. 758 Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Hongqing Wu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No. 758 Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014, China.
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Zhou J, Chen C. Suppression of malignant melanoma by knocking down growth differentiation factor-15 via inhibiting PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. J Cancer 2024; 15:1115-1123. [PMID: 38230211 PMCID: PMC10788716 DOI: 10.7150/jca.91892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Melanoma is a highly malignant tumor, and it is characterized by high mortality. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway have been proved to be related with regulation of tumors. If GDF15 could regulate melanoma through targeting PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway remain unclear. Methods: EdU staining, wound healing, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry were performed to measure cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. GEPIA and TCGA data bases were applied to analyze the relationship between GDF15 and prognosis. Results: We found that high expression of GDF15 suggested lower survival of melanoma patients, and is positively linked with advanced stage through analysis with GEPIA and TCGA data bases. Knockdown of GDF15 greatly inhibited the migration, invasion and proliferation ability of both M14 and M21 cells, but promoted cell apoptosis. However, the influence of GDF15 on M14 and M21 cells were reversed by 740Y-P, the activator of PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, 740Y-P significantly reversed the influence of sh-GDF15 on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins expression in M14 and M21 cell lines. Significant higher expression of GDF15 in melanoma was observed. In addition, the inhibition of PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by knocking down GDF15 was observed in both M14 and M21 cell lines. sh-GDF15 greatly decreased the resistance of M14 and M21 to chemotherapy drugs, docetaxel and doxorubicin. Conclusions: GDF15 regulated the cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and EMT process of M14 and M21 cell lines through targeting PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This research provides a novel prevention and treatment strategy for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No. 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou 350001, China
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Li H, Zhang D, Fu Q, Wang S, Wang Z, Zhang X, Chen X, Zhu X, An N, Chen Y, Zhou L, Lu D, Zhao N. YBX1 as an oncogenic factor in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood Adv 2023; 7:4874-4885. [PMID: 37339496 PMCID: PMC10469076 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022009648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Y-box-binding protein 1 (YBX1), a member of the RNA-binding protein family, is a critical regulator of cell survival in various solid tumors and acute myeloid leukemia. However, the function of YBX1 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) remains elusive. Here, we found that YBX1 was upregulated in patients with T-ALL, T-ALL cell lines, and NOTCH1-induced T-ALL mice. Furthermore, depletion of YBX1 dramatically reduced cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis, and induced G0/G1 phase arrest in vitro. Moreover, YBX1 depletion significantly decreased the leukemia burden in the human T-ALL xenograft and NOTCH1-induced T-ALL mice model in vivo. Mechanistically, downregulation of YBX1 markedly inhibited the expression of total AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT), p-AKT, total extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p-ERK in T-ALL cells. Taken together, our results uncovered a critical role of YBX1 in the leukemogenesis of T-ALL, which may have great potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target in T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danlan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuxia Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Na An
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Desheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Li Y, Zhu W, Lin R, Zhao J, Wang Y. Vasoactive intestinal peptide exerts therapeutic action by regulating PTEN in a model of Sjögren's disease. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e936. [PMID: 37506142 PMCID: PMC10336679 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sjögren's disease (SjD) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the loss of the secretory function of the exocrine glands. At present, drugs that can both correct the immune imbalance and improve exocrine gland function are needed. Meanwhile, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been reported as a candidate with anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties for treating autoimmune diseases. METHODS Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and the primary splenic lymphocyte cells (SPLCs) were used to construct the SS model. The therapeutic effects of VIP for SjD by evaluating water consumption, histopathology, T cell subsets, and related cytokines. RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis were used to identify the expression of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. RESULTS We found that VIP therapy in NOD mice could increase the expression of PTEN and VIP/VPAC1 receptor, as well as decrease the PI3K/AKT pathway. In vitro, the results showed that the PTEN knockdown decreased the Treg/Th17 ratio and enhanced the phosphorylated PI3K/AKT pathway, which were reversed with VIP treatment. CONCLUSIONS VIP exerts potential therapeutic action in SjD by upregulating PTEN through the PI3K/AKT pathway and Treg/Th17 cell balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Li
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Lin
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Rehabilitation, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pesdiatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Zhou R, Liang T, Li T, Huang J, Chen C. Possible mechanism of metabolic and drug resistance with L-asparaginase therapy in childhood leukaemia. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1070069. [PMID: 36816964 PMCID: PMC9929349 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1070069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase, which hydrolyzes asparagine into aspartic acid and ammonia, is frequently used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children. When combined with other chemotherapy drugs, the event-free survival rate is 90%. Due to immunogenicity and drug resistance, however, not all patients benefit from it, restricting the use of L-asparaginase therapy in other haematological cancers. To solve the problem of immunogenicity, several L-ASNase variants have emerged, such as Erwinia-ASNase and PEG-ASNase. However, even when Erwinia-ASNase is used as a substitute for E. coli-ASNase or PEG-ASNase, allergic reactions occur in 3%-33% of patients. All of these factors contributed to the development of novel L-ASNases. Additionally, L-ASNase resistance mechanisms, such as the methylation status of ASNS promoters and activation of autophagy, have further emphasized the importance of personalized treatment for paediatric haematological neoplasms. In this review, we discussed the metabolic effects of L-ASNase, mechanisms of drug resistance, applications in non-ALL leukaemia, and the development of novel L-ASNase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chun Chen
- *Correspondence: Junbin Huang, ; Chun Chen,
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Safrhansova L, Hlozkova K, Starkova J. Targeting amino acid metabolism in cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 373:37-79. [PMID: 36283767 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring is a characteristic hallmark of cancer cells. This phenomenon sustains uncontrolled proliferation and resistance to apoptosis by increasing nutrients and energy supply. However, reprogramming comes together with vulnerabilities that can be used against tumor and can be applied in targeted therapy. In the last years, the genetic background of tumors has been identified thoroughly and new therapies targeting those mutations tested. Nevertheless, we propose that targeting the phenotype of cancer cells could be another way of treatment aiming to avoid drug resistance and non-responsiveness of cancer patients. Amino acid metabolism is part of the altered processes in cancer cells. Amino acids are building blocks and also sensors of signaling pathways regulating main biological processes. In this comprehensive review, we described four amino acids (asparagine, arginine, methionine, and cysteine) which have been actively investigated as potential targets for anti-tumor therapy. Asparagine depletion is successfully used for decades in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and there is a strong implication to apply it to other types of tumors. Arginine auxotrophic tumors are great candidates for arginine-starvation therapy. Higher requirement for essential amino acids such as methionine and cysteine point out promising targetable weaknesses of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Safrhansova
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Dept. of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Hlozkova
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Dept. of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Julia Starkova
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Dept. of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
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