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Kitazawa K, Toda M, Ueno M, Wakimasu K, Tomioka Y, Uehara A, Sotozono C, Kinoshita S. Donor Corneal Endothelial Cell Maturity and Its Impact on Graft Survival in Glaucoma Patients Undergoing Corneal Transplantation. Am J Ophthalmol 2024; 262:1-9. [PMID: 38307212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2024.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine corneal graft survival via corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) and corneal endothelial cell loss (ECL) at 5 years post-transplantation in the eyes of patients with and without a history of undergoing glaucoma surgery according to the maturity of the donor corneal endothelial cells. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS This prospective cohort study included 17 patients with glaucoma and 51 patients without glaucoma who underwent Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty or penetrating keratoplasty at the Baptist Eye Institute, Kyoto, Japan, between October 2014 and October 2016. Human corneal endothelial cells were cultured from residual peripheral donor cornea tissue, and the maturity of the cells was evaluated by cell surface markers (ie, CD166+, CD44-/dull, CD24-, and CD105-) using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Kaplan-Meier analysis or the chi-square test was used to assess the rate of successful corneal graft survival post-transplantation. RESULTS At 36 months postoperatively, the mean ECD and ECL in the glaucoma-bleb eyes were 1197 ± 352 cells/mm2 and 55.5% ± 13.9% in the high-maturity group and 853 ± 430 cells/mm2 and 67.7% ± 18.1% in the low-maturity group, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that at 5 years postoperatively, the overall rate of survival was 45%, that is, 100% in the high-maturity group and 25% in the low-maturity group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The findings in this prospective cohort study revealed that the use of donor corneal grafts containing mature-differentiated corneal endothelial cells could maintain the survival of the transplanted graft for a long-term period, even in patients with a history of undergoing glaucoma surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kitazawa
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (K.K., M.T., M.U., Y.T., A.U., C.S.); Department of Ophthalmology, Baptist Eye Institute, Kyoto, Japan (K.K., K.W., C.S., S.K.)
| | - Munetoyo Toda
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (K.K., M.T., M.U., Y.T., A.U., C.S.); Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (M.T., S.K.)
| | - Morio Ueno
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (K.K., M.T., M.U., Y.T., A.U., C.S.)
| | - Koichi Wakimasu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baptist Eye Institute, Kyoto, Japan (K.K., K.W., C.S., S.K.)
| | - Yasufumi Tomioka
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (K.K., M.T., M.U., Y.T., A.U., C.S.)
| | - Asako Uehara
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (K.K., M.T., M.U., Y.T., A.U., C.S.)
| | - Chie Sotozono
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (K.K., M.T., M.U., Y.T., A.U., C.S.); Department of Ophthalmology, Baptist Eye Institute, Kyoto, Japan (K.K., K.W., C.S., S.K.)
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baptist Eye Institute, Kyoto, Japan (K.K., K.W., C.S., S.K.); Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (M.T., S.K.).
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Bronson R, Lyu J, Xiong J. Transcriptome analysis reveals molecular signature and cell-type difference of Homo sapiens endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad243. [PMID: 37857450 PMCID: PMC10700110 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), a specific form of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, drives a growing number of human (Homo sapiens) pathological conditions. This emerging knowledge opens a path to discovering novel therapeutic targets for many EndoMT-associated disorders. Here, we constructed an atlas of the endothelial-cell transcriptome and demonstrated EndoMT-induced global changes in transcriptional gene expression. Our gene ontology analyses showed that EndoMT could be a specific checkpoint for leukocyte chemotaxis, adhesion, and transendothelial migration. We also identified distinct gene expression signatures underlying EndoMT across arterial, venous, and microvascular endothelial cells. We performed protein-protein interaction network analyses, identifying a class of highly connected hub genes in endothelial cells from different vascular beds. Moreover, we found that the short-chain fatty acid acetate strongly inhibits the transcriptional program of EndoMT in endothelial cells from different vascular beds across tissues. Our results reveal the molecular signature and cell-type difference of EndoMT across distinct tissue- and vascular-bed-specific endothelial cells, providing a powerful discovery tool and resource value. These results suggest that therapeutically manipulating the endothelial transcriptome could treat an increasing number of EndoMT-associated pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Bronson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, St.Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St.Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Junfang Lyu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, St.Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St.Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Jianhua Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, St.Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St.Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
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Català P, Groen N, LaPointe VLS, Dickman MM. A single-cell RNA-seq analysis unravels the heterogeneity of primary cultured human corneal endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9361. [PMID: 37291161 PMCID: PMC10249941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The cornea is a transparent and avascular tissue located in front of the eye. Its inner surface is lined by a monolayer of corneal endothelial cells (CECs), which maintain the cornea transparency. CECs remain arrested in a non-proliferative state and damage to these cells can compromise their function leading to corneal opacity. The primary culture of donor-derived CECs is a promising cell therapy. It confers the potential to treat multiple patients from a single donor, alleviating the global donor shortage. Nevertheless, this approach has limitations preventing its adoption, particularly culture protocols allow limited expansion of CECs and there is a lack of clear parameters to identify therapy-grade CECs. To address this limitation, a better understanding of the molecular changes arising from the primary culture of CECs is required. Using single-cell RNA sequencing on primary cultured CECs, we identify their variable transcriptomic fingerprint at the single cell level, provide a pseudo-temporal reconstruction of the changes arising from primary culture, and suggest markers to assess the quality of primary CEC cultures. This research depicts a deep transcriptomic understanding of the cellular heterogeneity arising from the primary expansion of CECs and sets the basis for further improvement of culture protocols and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Català
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Vanessa L S LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Mor M Dickman
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Bhend ME, Kempuraj D, Sinha NR, Gupta S, Mohan RR. Role of aquaporins in corneal healing post chemical injury. Exp Eye Res 2023; 228:109390. [PMID: 36696947 PMCID: PMC9975064 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane water channel proteins that regulate the movement of water through the plasma membrane in various tissues including cornea. The cornea is avascular and has specialized microcirculatory mechanisms for homeostasis. AQPs regulate corneal hydration and transparency for normal vision. Currently, there are 13 known isoforms of AQPs that can be subclassified as orthodox AQPs, aquaglyceroporins (AQGPs), or supraquaporins (SAQPs)/unorthodox AQPs. AQPs are implicated in keratocyte function, inflammation, edema, angiogenesis, microvessel proliferation, and the wound-healing process in the cornea. AQPs play an important role in wound healing by facilitating the movement of corneal stromal keratocytes by squeezing through tight stromal matrix and narrow extracellular spaces to the wound site. Deficiency of AQPs can cause reduced concentration of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) leading to reduced epithelial proliferation, reduced/impaired keratocyte migration, reduced number of keratocytes in the injury site, delayed and abnormal wound healing process. Dysregulated AQPs cause dysfunction in osmolar homeostasis as well as wound healing mechanisms. The cornea is a transparent avascular tissue that constitutes the anterior aspect of the outer covering of the eye and aids in two-thirds of visual light refraction. Being the outermost layer of the eye, the cornea is prone to injury. Of the 13 AQP isoforms, AQP1 is expressed in the stromal keratocytes and endothelial cells, and AQP3 and AQP5 are expressed in epithelial cells in the human cornea. AQPs can facilitate wound healing through aid in cellular migration, proliferation, migration, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and autophagy mechanism. Corneal wound healing post-chemical injury requires an integrative and coordinated activity of the epithelium, stromal keratocytes, endothelium, ECM, and a battery of cytokines and growth factors to restore corneal transparency. If the chemical injury is mild, the cornea will heal with normal clarity, but severe injuries can lead to partial and/or permanent loss of corneal functions. Currently, the role of AQPs in corneal wound healing is poorly understood in the context of chemical injury. This review discusses the current literature and the role of AQPs in corneal homeostasis, wound repair, and potential therapeutic target for acute and chronic corneal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline E Bhend
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Nishant R Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Suneel Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rajiv R Mohan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Ueno M, Yoshii K, Yamashita T, Sonomura K, Asada K, Ito E, Fujita T, Sotozono C, Kinoshita S, Hamuro J. The Interplay between Metabolites and MicroRNAs in Aqueous Humor to Coordinate Corneal Endothelium Integrity. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2023; 3:100299. [PMID: 37125267 PMCID: PMC10141542 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of the study was to clarify the interplay between metabolites and microRNAs (miRs) in the aqueous humor (AqH) of bullous keratopathy (BK) patients to retain human corneal endothelium (HCE) integrity. Design Prospective, comparative, observational study. Participants A total of 55 patients with BK and 31 patients with cataract (Cat) as control. Methods A biostatic analysis of miRs and metabolites in the AqH, hierarchical clustering, and a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) analysis were employed. The miR levels in AqH of BK (n = 18) and Cat (n = 8) patients were determined using 3D-Gene human miR chips. Hierarchical clusters of metabolites detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in AqH specimens from 2 disease groups, BK (total n = 55) and Cat (total n = 31), were analyzed twice to confirm the reproducibility. The analytical procedure applied for investigating the association between metabolites and miRs in AqH was the exploratory data analysis of biostatistics to avoid any kind of prejudice. This research procedure includes a heat-map, cluster analysis, feature extraction techniques by principal component analysis, and a regression analysis method by Lasso. The cellular and released miR levels were validated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and mitochondria membrane potential was assessed to determine the functional features of the released miRs. Main Outcome Measures Identification of interacting metabolites and miRs in AqH attenuating HCE degeneration. Results The metabolites that decreased in the AqH of BK patients revealed that 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid (HIB), 2-aminobutyric acid (AB) and branched-chain amino acids, and serine were categorized into the same cluster by hierarchical clustering of metabolites. The positive association of HIB with miR-34a-5p was confirmed (P = 0.018), and the Lasso analysis identified the interplay between miR-34a-5p and HIB, between miR-24-3p and AB, and between miR-34c-5p and serine (P = 0.041, 0.027, and 0.009, respectively). 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid upregulated the cellular miR-34a expression, mitochondrial membrane potential, and release of miR-184 in dedifferentiated cultured HCE cells. Conclusions Metabolites and miRs in AqH may synchronize in ensuring the integrity of the HCE to maintain efficient dehydration from the stroma. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morio Ueno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kengo Yoshii
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics in Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamashita
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sonomura
- Life Science Research Center, Technology Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuko Asada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiko Ito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chie Sotozono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junji Hamuro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Correspondence: Junji Hamuro, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Hirokoji-agaru, Kawaramachi-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan.
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Yamashita T, Asada K, Ueno M, Hiramoto N, Fujita T, Toda M, Sotozono C, Kinoshita S, Hamuro J. Cellular Interplay Through Extracellular Vesicle miR-184 Alleviates Corneal Endothelium Degeneration. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2022; 2:100212. [PMID: 36531590 PMCID: PMC9755023 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2022.100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to reveal the presence of cellular interplay through extracellular vesicle (EV) microRNAs (miRs), to dampen the vicious cycle to degenerate human corneal endothelium (HCE) tissues. DESIGN Prospective, comparative, observational study. METHODS The miR levels in neonate-derived corneal tissues, in the aqueous humor (AqH) of bullous keratoplasty and cataract patients, as well as in the culture supernatant (CS) and EV of cultured human corneal endothelial cells (hCECs), were determined using 3D-Gene human miR chips and then validated using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. The extracellularly released miRs were profiled after the forced downregulation of cellular miR-34a, either by an miR-34a inhibitor or exposure to H2O2. The senescence-associated secretory phenotypes and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were assessed to determine the functional features of the released miRs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Identification of functional miRs attenuating HCE degeneration. RESULTS The miRs in AqH were classified into 2 groups: expression in 1 group was significantly reduced in neonate-derived tissues, whereas that in the other group remained almost constant, independent of aging. The miR-34a and -29 families were typical in the former group, whereas miR-184 and -24-3p were typical in the latter. Additionally, a larger amount of the latter miRs was detected in AqH compared with those of the former miRs. There was also a greater abundance of miR-184 and -24-3p in hCECs, EV, and CS in fully mature CD44-/dull hCEC, leading to sufficient clinical tissue regenerative capacity in cell injection therapy. The repression of cellular miR-34a, either due to miR-34a inhibitors or exposure to oxidative stress, unexpectedly resulted in the elevated release of miR-184 and -24-3p. Secretions of VEGF, interleukin 6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and MMP were all repressed in both mature CD44-/dull and degenerated CD44+++ hCEC, transfected with an miR-184 mimic. CONCLUSIONS The elevated release of miR-184 into AqH may constitute cellular interplay that prevents the aggravation of HCE degeneration induced by oxidative stress, thereby sustaining tissue homeostasis in HCE.
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Key Words
- AQP-1, aquaporin 1
- AqH, aqueous humor
- CS, culture supernatant
- Corneal endothelium degeneration
- ECD, endothelial cell density
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- EV, extracellular vesicle
- Extracellular vesicle
- HCE, human corneal endothelium
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1
- MMP, mitochondrial membrane potential
- MiR-184
- Mitochondria metabolic homeostasis
- Oxidative stress
- SASP, senescence-associated secretory phenotype
- SLC4A11, solute carrier family 4 member 11
- SP, subpopulation
- hCEC, cultured human corneal endothelial cell
- miR, microRNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yamashita
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuko Asada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Morio Ueno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nao Hiramoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Munetoyo Toda
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chie Sotozono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junji Hamuro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Hamuro J, Asada K, Ueno M, Yamashita T, Mukai A, Fujita T, Ito E, Hiramoto N, Toda M, Sotozono C, Kinoshita S. Repressed miR-34a Expression Dictates the Cell Fate to Corneal Endothelium Failure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:22. [PMID: 35475886 PMCID: PMC9055560 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.4.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To reveal the mechanism triggering the functional disparity between degenerated and non-degenerated corneal endothelium cells in the water efflux from corneal stroma to the anterior chamber. Methods The varied levels of the microRNA (miR)-34, miR-378, and miR-146 family in human corneal endothelium and cultured cells thereof were investigated using 3D-Gene Human miRNA Oligo Chips. Concomitantly, CD44, p53, c-Myc, matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2 expression, and Ras homolog gene family member A (Rho A) activity was correlated to the expression intensities of these microRNAs, partly complemented with their altered expression levels with the transfection of the corresponding mimics and inhibitors. The levels of miRs were further associated with intracellular pH (pHi) and mitochondrial energy homeostasis. Results P53-inducible miR-34a/b repressed CD44 expression, and CD44 was repressed with the elevated c-Myc. The repressed miR-34a activated the CD44 downstream factors Rho A and MMP-2. MiR-34a mimics downregulated pHi, inducing the skewing of mitochondrial respiration to oxidative phosphorylation. The oxidative stress (H2O2) induced on human corneal endothelial cells, which repressed miR-34a/b expression, may account for the impaired signaling cascade to mitochondrial metabolic homeostasis necessary for an efficient water efflux from the corneal stroma. Conclusions The upregulated expression of CD44, through repressed miR-34a/b by reactive oxygen species and elevated c-Myc by oxidative stress, may impair mitochondrial metabolic homeostasis, leading to human corneal endothelial failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Hamuro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuko Asada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Morio Ueno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamashita
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mukai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiko Ito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nao Hiramoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Munetoyo Toda
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chie Sotozono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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