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Kramer G, Blair T, Bambina S, Kaur AP, Alice A, Baird J, Friedman D, Dowdell AK, Tomura M, Grassberger C, Piening BD, Crittenden MR, Gough MJ. Fluorescence tracking demonstrates T cell recirculation is transiently impaired by radiation therapy to the tumor. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11909. [PMID: 38789721 PMCID: PMC11126658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62871-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells recirculate through tissues and lymphatic organs to scan for their cognate antigen. Radiation therapy provides site-specific cytotoxicity to kill cancer cells but also has the potential to eliminate the tumor-specific T cells in field. To dynamically study the effect of radiation on CD8 T cell recirculation, we used the Kaede mouse model to photoconvert tumor-infiltrating cells and monitor their movement out of the field of radiation. We demonstrate that radiation results in loss of CD8 T cell recirculation from the tumor to the lymph node and to distant sites. Using scRNASeq, we see decreased proliferating CD8 T cells in the tumor following radiation therapy resulting in a proportional enrichment in exhausted phenotypes. By contrast, 5 days following radiation increased recirculation of T cells from the tumor to the tumor draining lymph node corresponds with increased immunosurveillance of the treated tumor. These data demonstrate that tumor radiation therapy transiently impairs systemic T cell recirculation from the treatment site to the draining lymph node and distant untreated tumors. This may inform timing therapies to improve systemic T cell-mediated tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen Kramer
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Tiffany Blair
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Shelly Bambina
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Aanchal Preet Kaur
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Alejandro Alice
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Jason Baird
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - David Friedman
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Alexa K Dowdell
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Michio Tomura
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, 584-8540, Japan
| | - Clemens Grassberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian D Piening
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Marka R Crittenden
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
- The Oregon Clinic, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Michael J Gough
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, 97213, USA.
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Bruss C, Albert V, Seitz S, Blaimer S, Kellner K, Pohl F, Ortmann O, Brockhoff G, Wege AK. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy in ER +, HER2 +, and triple-negative -specific breast cancer based humanized tumor mice enhances anti-PD-L1 treatment efficacy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1355130. [PMID: 38742103 PMCID: PMC11089195 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pre-operative radiation therapy is not currently integrated into the treatment protocols for breast cancer. However, transforming immunological "cold" breast cancers by neoadjuvant irradiation into their "hot" variants is supposed to elicit an endogenous tumor immune defense and, thus, enhance immunotherapy efficiency. We investigated cellular and immunological effects of sub-lethal, neoadjuvant irradiation of ER pos., HER2 pos., and triple-negative breast cancer subtypes in-vitro and in-vivo in humanized tumor mice (HTM). This mouse model is characterized by a human-like immune system and therefore facilitates detailed analysis of the mechanisms and efficiency of neoadjuvant, irradiation-induced "in-situ vaccination", especially in the context of concurrently applied checkpoint therapy. Similar to clinical appearances, we observed a gradually increased immunogenicity from the luminal over the HER2-pos. to the triple negative subtype in HTM indicated by an increasing immune cell infiltration into the tumor tissue. Anti-PD-L1 therapy divided the HER2-pos. and triple negative HTM groups into responder and non-responder, while the luminal HTMs were basically irresponsive. Irradiation alone was effective in the HER2-pos. and luminal subtype-specific HTM and was supportive for overcoming irresponsiveness to single anti-PD-L1 treatment. The treatment success correlated with a significantly increased T cell proportion and PD-1 expression in the spleen. In all subtype-specific HTM combination therapy proved most effective in diminishing tumor growth, enhancing the immune response, and converted non-responder into responder during anti-PD-L1 therapy. In HTM, neoadjuvant irradiation reinforced anti-PD-L1 checkpoint treatment of breast cancer in a subtype -specific manner. According to the "bench to bedside" principle, this study offers a vital foundation for clinical translating the use of neoadjuvant irradiation in the context of checkpoint therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Bruss
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Veruschka Albert
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Seitz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Blaimer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kellner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Pohl
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Ortmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gero Brockhoff
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja K. Wege
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
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Nakayama R, Anderson D, Goh VST, Fujishima Y, Yanagidate K, Ariyoshi K, Kasai K, Yoshida MA, Blakely WF, Miura T. Optimizing chemical-induced premature chromosome condensation assay for rapid estimation of high-radiation doses. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2024; 200:448-458. [PMID: 38243879 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
In the event of exposure to high doses of radiation, prompt dose estimation is crucial for selecting appropriate treatment modalities, such as cytokine therapy or stem cell transplantation. The chemical-induced premature chromosome condensation (PCC) method offers a simple approach for such dose estimation with significant radiation exposure, but its 48-h incubation time poses challenges for early dose assessment. In this study, we optimized the chemical-induced PCC assay for more rapid dose assessment. A sufficient number of PCC and G2/M-PCC cells were obtained after 40 h of culture for irradiated human peripheral blood up to 20 Gy. By adding caffeine (final concentration of 1 mM) at 34 h from the start of culture, G2/M-PCC index increased by 1.4-fold in 10 Gy cultures. There was also no significant difference in the G2/M-PCC ring frequency induced for doses 0 to 15 Gy between our 40-h caffeine-supplemented chemical-induced PCC method and the conventional 48-h PCC assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakayama
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Donovan Anderson
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Valerie Swee Ting Goh
- Department of Radiobiology, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, 1 CREATE Way, #04-01 CREATE Tower, 138602 Singapore
| | - Yohei Fujishima
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Kaito Yanagidate
- Department of Dentistry, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514 Niigata, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ariyoshi
- Integrated Center for Science and Humanities, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295 Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kasai
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | | | - William F Blakely
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4555 South Palmer Road, Bldg. 42, Bethesda, MD 20889-5648, USA
| | - Tomisato Miura
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
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Salimi A, Jamali Z. Teratogenic Effects of Drugs on Primary Lymphocytes Assessed by Flow Cytometry. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2753:231-249. [PMID: 38285342 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3625-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral blood lymphocytes as primary cells can be isolated from human, animal, fetus, and placenta. These cells are an excellent cellular model for the assessment of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction induced by drug and chemicals. Moreover, peripheral blood lymphocytes are an easily available source of primary cells appropriate for basic research and in cellular studies regarding teratogenic, genotoxic, and cytotoxic effect of drugs and chemicals. Most drugs and other chemicals that produce birth defects, known as teratogenic agents, produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction. It seems that there is an important mechanistic link between oxidative stress, mitochondrial damages, lysosomal integrity, and teratogenic drug-induced birth defects. One of the most sensitive periods in the embryo is transition from an important developmental event to another such as transition from proliferation to differentiation. Mitochondria, lysosomes, and cellular ROS have an important role in proliferative, differentiative, and apoptotic activities during the development. Therefore, disruption of the function of mitochondria, lysosomes, oxidative stress, and redox imbalance leads to cellular dysfunctions and subsequently poor developmental outcomes in the fetus. In this chapter, we will focus on evaluation of mitochondrial/lysosomal functions and estimation of ROS formation using flow cytometry methods in isolated lymphocytes and their isolated mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Zhaleh Jamali
- Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Casarrubios L, Cicuéndez M, Vallet-Regí M, Portolés MT, Arcos D, Feito MJ. Osteoimmune Properties of Mesoporous Bioactive Nanospheres: A Study on T Helper Lymphocytes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2183. [PMID: 37570501 PMCID: PMC10421130 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive mesoporous glass nanospheres (nanoMBGs) charged with antiosteoporotic drugs have great potential for the treatment of osteoporosis and fracture prevention. In this scenario, cells of the immune system are essential both in the development of disease and in their potential to stimulate therapeutic effects. In the present work, we hypothesize that nanoMBGs loaded with ipriflavone can exert a positive osteoimmune effect. With this objective, we assessed the effects of non-loaded and ipriflavone-loaded nanoparticles (nanoMBGs and nanoMBG-IPs, respectively) on CD4+ Th2 lymphocytes because this kind of cell is implicated in the inhibition of osseous loss by reducing the RANKL/OPG relationship through the secretion of cytokines. The results indicate that nanoMBGs enter efficiently in CD4+ Th2 lymphocytes, mainly through phagocytosis and clathrin-dependent mechanisms, without affecting the function of these T cells or inducing inflammatory mediators or oxidative stress, thus maintaining the reparative Th2 phenotype. Furthermore, the incorporation of the anti-osteoporotic drug ipriflavone reduces the potential unwanted inflammatory response by decreasing the presence of ROS and stimulating intracellular anti-inflammatory cytokine release like IL-4. These results evidenced that nanoMBG loaded with ipriflavone exerts a positive osteoimmune effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Casarrubios
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.C.); (M.T.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mónica Cicuéndez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Portolés
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.C.); (M.T.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Arcos
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Feito
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.C.); (M.T.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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6
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Martí-Clúa J. Methods for Inferring Cell Cycle Parameters Using Thymidine Analogues. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:885. [PMID: 37372169 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Tritiated thymidine autoradiography, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) 5-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine (CldU), 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IdU), and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyiridine (EdU) labeling have been used for identifying the fraction of cells undergoing the S-phase of the cell cycle and to follow the fate of these cells during the embryonic, perinatal, and adult life in several species of vertebrate. In this current review, I will discuss the dosage and times of exposition to the aforementioned thymidine analogues to label most of the cells undergoing the S-phase of the cell cycle. I will also show how to infer, in an asynchronous cell population, the duration of the G1, S, and G2 phases, as well as the growth fraction and the span of the whole cell cycle on the base of some labeling schemes involving a single administration, continuous nucleotide analogue delivery, and double labeling with two thymidine analogues. In this context, the choice of the optimal dose of BrdU, CldU, IdU, and EdU to label S-phase cells is a pivotal aspect to produce neither cytotoxic effects nor alter cell cycle progression. I hope that the information presented in this review can be of use as a reference for researchers involved in the genesis of tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Martí-Clúa
- Unidad de Citología e Histología, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, de Fisiologia i d'Immunologia, Facultad de Biociencias, Institut de Neurociències, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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