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Marshall JP, Marinko E, To A, Morejon JL, Joshi R, Shea J, Gibbs AG, Meiselman MR. Circadian regulation of locomotion, respiration, and arousability in adult blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis). Sci Rep 2024; 14:14804. [PMID: 38926516 PMCID: PMC11208436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, is an ectoparasitic arachnid and vector for infectious diseases, including Lyme borreliosis. Here, we investigate the diurnal activity and respiration of wild-caught and lab-reared adult ticks with long-term video recording, multi-animal tracking and high-resolution respirometry. We find male and female ticks are in a more active, more arousable state during circadian night. We find respiration is augmented by light, with dark onset triggering more frequent bouts of discontinuous gas exchange and a higher overall volume of CO2 respired. Observed inactivity during the day meets the criteria of sleep: homeostatic in nature, rapidly reversible, a characteristic pose, and reduced arousal threshold. Our findings indicate that blacklegged ticks are in a distinct, heightened state of activity and arousability during night and in dark, suggesting this period may carry higher risk for tick bites and subsequent contraction of tick-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack P Marshall
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Emily Marinko
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Amber To
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Jilian L Morejon
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Ritika Joshi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Jamien Shea
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Allen G Gibbs
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Matthew R Meiselman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
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Giesen C, Cifo D, Gomez-Barroso D, Estévez-Reboredo RM, Figuerola J, Herrador Z. The Role of Environmental Factors in Lyme Disease Transmission in the European Union: A Systematic Review. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:113. [PMID: 38787046 PMCID: PMC11125681 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9050113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lyme disease (LD) is an emergent vector-borne disease caused by Borrelia spp. and transmitted through infected ticks, mainly Ixodes spp. Our objective was to determine meteorological and environmental factors associated with LD transmission in Europe and the effect of climate change on LD. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines was performed. We selected studies on LD transmission in the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA) published between 2000 and 2022. The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database. RESULTS We included 81 studies. The impact of environmental, meteorological or climate change factors on tick vectors was studied in 65 papers (80%), and the impact on human LD cases was studied in 16 papers (19%), whereas animal hosts were only addressed in one study (1%). A significant positive relationship was observed between temperature and precipitation and the epidemiology of LD, although contrasting results were found among studies. Other positive factors were humidity and the expansion of anthropized habitats. CONCLUSIONS The epidemiology of LD seems to be related to climatic factors that are changing globally due to ongoing climate change. Unfortunately, the complete zoonotic cycle was not systematically analyzed. It is important to adopt a One Health approach to understand LD epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Giesen
- Centro de Salud Internacional Madrid Salud, Ayuntamiento de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Daniel Cifo
- Escuela Nacional de Sanidad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Diana Gomez-Barroso
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.G.-B.); (R.M.E.-R.)
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rosa M. Estévez-Reboredo
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.G.-B.); (R.M.E.-R.)
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Zaida Herrador
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.G.-B.); (R.M.E.-R.)
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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Ogawa T, Tsuzuki S, Ohbe H, Matsui H, Fushimi K, Yasunaga H, Kutsuna S. Analysis of Differences in Characteristics of High-Risk Endemic Areas for Contracting Japanese Spotted Fever, Tsutsugamushi Disease, and Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae025. [PMID: 38312217 PMCID: PMC10836194 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tick-borne infections, including tsutsugamushi disease, Japanese spotted fever, and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), are prevalent in East Asia with varying geographic distribution and seasonality. This study aimed to investigate the differences in the characteristics among endemic areas for contracting each infection. Methods We conducted an ecologic study in Japan, using data from a nationwide inpatient database and publicly available geospatial data. We identified 4493 patients who were hospitalized for tick-borne infections between July 2010 and March 2021. Mixed-effects modified Poisson regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with a higher risk of contracting each tick-borne disease (Tsutsugamushi, Japanese spotted fever, and SFTS). Results Mixed-effects modified Poisson regression analysis revealed that environmental factors, such as temperature, sunlight duration, elevation, precipitation, and vegetation, were associated with the risk of contracting these diseases. Tsutsugamushi disease was positively associated with higher temperatures, farms, and forests, whereas Japanese spotted fever and SFTS were positively associated with higher solar radiation and forests. Conclusions Our findings from this ecologic study indicate that different environmental factors play a significant role in the risk of transmission of tick-borne infections. Understanding the differences can aid in identifying high-risk areas and developing public health strategies for infection prevention. Further research is needed to address causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Ogawa
- Department of Orthopedic, Saku General Hospital Saku Medical Center, Nagano, Japan
- Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Tsuzuki
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hiroyuki Ohbe
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fushimi
- Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kutsuna
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Hills SL, Poehling KA, Chen WH, Staples JE. Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2023. MMWR Recomm Rep 2023; 72:1-29. [PMID: 37943707 PMCID: PMC10651317 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.rr7205a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus is focally endemic in parts of Europe and Asia. The virus is primarily transmitted to humans by the bites of infected Ixodes species ticks but can also be acquired less frequently by alimentary transmission. Other rare modes of transmission include through breastfeeding, blood transfusion, solid organ transplantation, and slaughtering of viremic animals. TBE virus can cause acute neurologic disease, which usually results in hospitalization, often permanent neurologic or cognitive sequelae, and sometimes death. TBE virus infection is a risk for certain travelers and for laboratory workers who work with the virus. In August 2021, the Food and Drug Administration approved Ticovac TBE vaccine for use among persons aged ≥1 year. This report summarizes the epidemiology of and risks for infection with TBE virus, provides information on the immunogenicity and safety of TBE vaccine, and summarizes the recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for use of TBE vaccine among U.S. travelers and laboratory workers. The risk for TBE for most U.S. travelers to areas where the disease is endemic is very low. The risk for exposure to infected ticks is highest for persons who are in areas where TBE is endemic during the main TBE virus transmission season of April–November and who are planning to engage in recreational activities in woodland habitats or who might be occupationally exposed. All persons who travel to areas where TBE is endemic should be advised to take precautions to avoid tick bites and to avoid the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products because alimentary transmission of TBE virus can occur. TBE vaccine can further reduce infection risk and might be indicated for certain persons who are at higher risk for TBE. The key factors in the risk-benefit assessment for vaccination are likelihood of exposure to ticks based on activities and itinerary (e.g., location, rurality, season, and duration of travel or residence). Other risk-benefit considerations should include 1) the rare occurrence of TBE but its potentially high morbidity and mortality, 2) the higher risk for severe disease among certain persons (e.g., older persons aged ≥60 years), 3) the availability of an effective vaccine, 4) the possibility but low probability of serious adverse events after vaccination, 5) the likelihood of future travel to areas where TBE is endemic, and 6) personal perception and tolerance of risk ACIP recommends TBE vaccine for U.S. persons who are moving or traveling to an area where the disease is endemic and will have extensive exposure to ticks based on their planned outdoor activities and itinerary. Extensive exposure can be considered based on the duration of travel and frequency of exposure and might include shorter-term (e.g., <1 month) travelers with daily or frequent exposure or longer-term travelers with regular (e.g., a few times a month) exposure to environments that might harbor infected ticks. In addition, TBE vaccine may be considered for persons who might engage in outdoor activities in areas where ticks are likely to be found, with a decision to vaccinate made on the basis of an assessment of their planned activities and itinerary, risk factors for a poor medical outcome, and personal perception and tolerance of risk. In the laboratory setting, ACIP recommends TBE vaccine for laboratory workers with a potential for exposure to TBE virus
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Zeman P. Tick-Bite "Meteo"-Prevention: An Evaluation of Public Responsiveness to Tick Activity Forecasts Available Online. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1908. [PMID: 37763311 PMCID: PMC10533051 DOI: 10.3390/life13091908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Until causal prophylaxis is available, the avoidance of ticks and personal protection provide the best insurance against contracting a tick-borne disease (TBD). To support public precaution, tick-activity forecasts (TAFs) based on weather projection are provided online for some regions/countries. This study-aimed at evaluating the efficacy of this preventative strategy-was conducted between 2015 and 2019, and included two countries where TAFs are issued regularly (Czech Republic, Germany) and two neighbouring countries for reference (Austria, Switzerland). Google Trends (GT) data were used to trace public concern with TAFs and related health information. GTs were compared with epidemiological data on TBD cases and tick bites, wherever available. Computer simulations of presumable effectiveness under various scenarios were performed. This study showed that public access to TAFs/preventive information is infrequent and not optimally distributed over the season. Interest arises very early in midwinter and then starts to fall in spring/summer when human-tick contacts culminate. Consequently, a greater number of TBD cases are contracted beyond the period of maximum public responsiveness to prevention guidance. Simulations, nevertheless, indicate that there is a potential for doubling the prevention yield if risk assessment, in addition to tick activity, subsumes the population's exposure, and a real-time surrogate is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Zeman
- Medical Laboratories, Konevova 205, 130 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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Drews SJ, Wendel S, Leiby DA, Tonnetti L, Ushiro-Lumb I, O'Brien SF, Lieshout-Krikke RW, Bloch EM. Climate change and parasitic risk to the blood supply. Transfusion 2023; 63:638-645. [PMID: 36565251 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Drews
- Canadian Blood Services, Microbiology, Donation Policy and Studies, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Diagnostic and Applied Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Silvano Wendel
- Blood Bank, Hospital Sírio-Libanês Blood Bank, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David A Leiby
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Laura Tonnetti
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Holland Laboratories for the Biomedical Sciences, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Sheila F O'Brien
- Canadian Blood Services, Epidemiology and Surveillance, Microbiology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryanne W Lieshout-Krikke
- Department of Medical Affairs, Corporate Staff, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evan M Bloch
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Goren A, Viljugrein H, Rivrud IM, Jore S, Bakka H, Vindenes Y, Mysterud A. The emergence and shift in seasonality of Lyme borreliosis in Northern Europe. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222420. [PMID: 36809802 PMCID: PMC9943644 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change has had a major impact on seasonal weather patterns, resulting in marked phenological changes in a wide range of taxa. However, empirical studies of how changes in seasonality impact the emergence and seasonal dynamics of vector-borne diseases have been limited. Lyme borreliosis, a bacterial infection spread by hard-bodied ticks, is the most common vector-borne disease in the northern hemisphere and has been rapidly increasing in both incidence and geographical distribution in many regions of Europe and North America. By analysis of long-term surveillance data (1995-2019) from across Norway (latitude 57°58'-71°08' N), we demonstrate a marked change in the within-year timing of Lyme borreliosis cases accompanying an increase in the annual number of cases. The seasonal peak in cases is now six weeks earlier than 25 years ago, exceeding seasonal shifts in plant phenology and previous model predictions. The seasonal shift occurred predominantly in the first 10 years of the study period. The concurrent upsurgence in case number and shift in case timing indicate a major change in the Lyme borreliosis disease system over recent decades. This study highlights the potential for climate change to shape the seasonal dynamics of vector-borne disease systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asena Goren
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, Oslo NO-0316, Norway
| | - Hildegunn Viljugrein
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, Oslo NO-0316, Norway.,Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PO Box 64, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Inger Maren Rivrud
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Sognsveien 68, NO-0855 Oslo, Norway
| | - Solveig Jore
- Zoonotic, Food and Waterborne Infections, The Norwegian Public Health Institute, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Haakon Bakka
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PO Box 64, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Yngvild Vindenes
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, Oslo NO-0316, Norway
| | - Atle Mysterud
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, Oslo NO-0316, Norway.,Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), PO Box 5685 Sluppen, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway
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Lebert I, Bord S, Saint-Andrieux C, Cassar E, Gasqui P, Beugnet F, Chalvet-Monfray K, Vanwambeke SO, Vourc'h G, René-Martellet M. Habitat suitability map of <em>Ixodes ricinus</em> tick in France using multi-criteria analysis. GEOSPATIAL HEALTH 2022; 17. [PMID: 35579242 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2022.1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The tick Ixodes ricinus is widely distributed across Europe and is responsible for the transmission of several pathogens to humans and animals. In this study, we used a knowledge-based method to map variations in habitat suitability for I. ricinus ticks throughout continental France and Corsica. The multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) integrated four major biotic and abiotic factors known to influence tick populations: climate, land cover, altitude and the density of wild ungulates. For each factor, habitat suitability index (HSI) values were attributed to different locations based on knowledge regarding its impact on tick populations. For the MCDA, two methods of factor combination were tested, additive and multiplicative, both which were evaluated at the spatial scales of departments and local municipalities. The resulting habitat suitability maps (resolution=100x100 m) revealed that conditions are suitable for I. ricinus over most of France and Corsica. Particularly suitable habitats were located in central, north-eastern and south-western France, while less-suitable habitats were found in the Mediterranean and mountainous regions. To validate the approach, the HSI scores were compared to field data of I. ricinus nymph abundance. Regardless of scale, the correlation between abundance indicator and HSI score was stronger for the additive than for the multiplicative approach. Overall, this study demonstrates the value of MCDA for estimating habitat suitability maps for I. ricinus abundance, which could be especially useful in highlighting areas of the tick's distribution where preventive measures should be prioritised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Lebert
- University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France; University of Lyon, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | - Séverine Bord
- University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France; University of Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Paris, France.
| | | | - Eva Cassar
- University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France; University of Lyon, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | - Patrick Gasqui
- University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France; University of Lyon, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | | | - Karine Chalvet-Monfray
- University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France; University of Lyon, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | - Sophie O Vanwambeke
- Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate research, Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Gwenaël Vourc'h
- University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France; University of Lyon, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | - Magalie René-Martellet
- University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France; University of Lyon, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
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