|
1
|
Moglad E, Kaur P, Menon SV, Abida, Ali H, Kaur M, Deorari M, Pant K, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI. ANRIL's Epigenetic Regulation and Its Implications for Cardiovascular Disorders. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e70076. [PMID: 39620406 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.70076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 12/11/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) are a major global health concern, but their underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Recent research highlights the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), particularly ANRIL, in cardiovascular development and disease. ANRIL, located in the human genome's 9p21 region, significantly regulates cardiovascular pathogenesis. It controls nearby tumor suppressor genes CDKN2A/B through epigenetic pathways, influencing cell growth and senescence. ANRIL interacts with epigenetic modifiers, leading to altered histone modifications and gene expression changes. It also acts as a transcriptional regulator, impacting key genes in CVD development. ANRIL's involvement in cardiovascular epigenetic regulation suggests potential therapeutic strategies. Manipulating ANRIL and its associated epigenetic modifiers could offer new approaches to managing CVDs and preventing their progression. Dysregulation of ANRIL has been linked to various cardiovascular conditions, including coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, ischemic stroke, and myocardial infarction. This abstract provides insights from recent research, emphasizing ANRIL's significance in the epigenetic landscape of cardiovascular disorders. By shedding light on ANRIL's role in cellular processes and disease development, the abstract highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for addressing CVDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parjinder Kaur
- Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Soumya V Menon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Abida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haider Ali
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyrgyz State Medical College, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mahamedha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Kumud Pant
- Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Ozuynuk-Ertugrul AS, Kirsan CB, Erkan AF, Ekici B, Komurcu-Bayrak E, Coban N. Genetic variants of ANRIL and coronary artery disease: Insights from a Turkish study population. Gene 2024; 917:148475. [PMID: 38631653 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally despite advancements in treatment. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in the atherosclerotic process, with ANRIL being one such lncRNA. This study explored the association between ANRIL polymorphisms (rs1333049:C > G, rs564398:T > C, and rs10757274:A > G) and CAD along with CAD risk factors in a Turkish patient group. METHODS The study included 1285 participants, consisting of 736 patients diagnosed with CAD (mean age = 63.3 ± 10.5 years) and 549 non-CAD controls (mean age = 57.52 ± 11.01 years). Genotypes for rs1333049, rs564398, and rs10757274 were determined using qRT-PCR. RESULTS G allele carriage of both rs1333049 and rs10757274 polymorphisms were associated with higher Gensini score, SYNTAX score, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in female CAD patients and non-CAD males. Females with rs564398 CC genotype were more susceptible to CAD (p = 0.02) and severe CAD (p = 0.05). Moreover, the G and T alleles of rs10757274 and rs564398 were more prevalent among hypertensive males. Also, carrying the C allele for rs564398 was associated with a decreased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (p = 0.02). Besides, carriers of the rs1333049 C allele for decreased risk for T2DM (p = 0.03) and CAD complexed with T2DM (p = 0.04) in logistic regression analyses. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, selected ANRIL polymorphisms were associated with CAD presence/severity and CAD risk factors, T2DM, and hypertension. Notably, this study, the largest sample-sized study examining the effects of selected polymorphisms on CAD and its risk factors among Turkish individuals, supported the findings of previous studies conducted on different ethnicities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aybike Sena Ozuynuk-Ertugrul
- Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul University Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cemre Buse Kirsan
- Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul University Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aycan Fahri Erkan
- Ufuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berkay Ekici
- Ufuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Evrim Komurcu-Bayrak
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Coban
- Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Kettunen S, Suoranta T, Beikverdi S, Heikkilä M, Slita A, Räty I, Ylä-Herttuala E, Öörni K, Ruotsalainen AK, Ylä-Herttuala S. Deletion of the Murine Ortholog of the Human 9p21.3 Locus Leads to Insulin Resistance and Obesity in Hypercholesterolemic Mice. Cells 2024; 13:983. [PMID: 38891115 PMCID: PMC11171903 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The 9p21.3 genomic locus is a hot spot for disease-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and its strongest associations are with coronary artery disease (CAD). The disease-associated SNPs are located within the sequence of a long noncoding RNA ANRIL, which potentially contributes to atherogenesis by regulating vascular cell stress and proliferation, but also affects pancreatic β-cell proliferation. Altered expression of a neighboring gene, CDKN2B, has been also recognized to correlate with obesity and hepatic steatosis in people carrying the risk SNPs. In the present study, we investigated the impact of 9p21.3 on obesity accompanied by hyperlipidemia in mice carrying a deletion of the murine ortholog for the 9p21.3 (Chr4Δ70/Δ70) risk locus in hyperlipidemic Ldlr-/-ApoB100/100 background. The Chr4Δ70/Δ70 mice showed decreased mRNA expression of insulin receptors in white adipose tissue already at a young age, which developed into insulin resistance and obesity by aging. In addition, the Sirt1-Ppargc1a-Ucp2 pathway was downregulated together with the expression of Cdkn2b, specifically in the white adipose tissue in Chr4Δ70/Δ70 mice. These results suggest that the 9p21.3 locus, ANRIL lncRNA, and their murine orthologues may regulate the key energy metabolism pathways in a white adipose tissue-specific manner in the presence of hypercholesterolemia, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Kettunen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (S.K.); (T.S.); (S.B.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (E.Y.-H.); (S.Y.-H.)
| | - Tuisku Suoranta
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (S.K.); (T.S.); (S.B.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (E.Y.-H.); (S.Y.-H.)
| | - Sadegh Beikverdi
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (S.K.); (T.S.); (S.B.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (E.Y.-H.); (S.Y.-H.)
| | - Minja Heikkilä
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (S.K.); (T.S.); (S.B.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (E.Y.-H.); (S.Y.-H.)
| | - Anna Slita
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (S.K.); (T.S.); (S.B.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (E.Y.-H.); (S.Y.-H.)
| | - Iida Räty
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (S.K.); (T.S.); (S.B.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (E.Y.-H.); (S.Y.-H.)
| | - Elias Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (S.K.); (T.S.); (S.B.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (E.Y.-H.); (S.Y.-H.)
- Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, 70200 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Anna-Kaisa Ruotsalainen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (S.K.); (T.S.); (S.B.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (E.Y.-H.); (S.Y.-H.)
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (S.K.); (T.S.); (S.B.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (E.Y.-H.); (S.Y.-H.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are significant contributors in maintaining genomic integrity through epigenetic regulation. LncRNAs can interact with chromatin-modifying complexes in both cis and trans pathways, drawing them to specific genomic loci and influencing gene expression via DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin remodeling. They can also operate as building blocks to assemble different chromatin-modifying components, facilitating their interactions and gene regulatory functions. Deregulation of these molecules has been associated with various human diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders. Thus, lncRNAs are implicated as potential diagnostic indicators and therapeutic targets. This review discusses the current understanding of how lncRNAs mediate epigenetic control, genomic integrity, and their putative functions in disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Arunkumar
- The LncRNA, Epigenetics, and Genome Organization Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Wang R, Yuan Q, Wen Y, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Wang S, Yuan C. ANRIL: A Long Noncoding RNA in Age-related Diseases. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1930-1939. [PMID: 38716553 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575295976240415045602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/16/2024]
Abstract
The intensification of the aging population is often accompanied by an increase in agerelated diseases, which impair the quality of life of the elderly. The characteristic feature of aging is progressive physiological decline, which is the largest cause of human pathology and death worldwide. However, natural aging interacts in exceptionally complex ways within and between organs, but its underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a type of noncoding RNA that exceeds 200 nucleotides in length and does not possess protein-coding ability. It plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of diseases. ANRIL, also known as CDKN2B-AS1, is an antisense ncRNA located at the INK4 site. It can play a crucial role in agerelated disease progression by regulating single nucleotide polymorphism, histone modifications, or post-transcriptional modifications (such as RNA stability and microRNA), such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, tumor, arthritis, and osteoporosis. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of lncRNA ANRIL in age-related diseases will help provide new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Yuan Wen
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Yaqi Hu
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Shuwen Wang
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
6
|
da Cunha Agostini L, Almeida TC, da Silva GN. ANRIL, H19 and TUG1: a review about critical long non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 51:31. [PMID: 38155319 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. They are non-transmissible diseases that affect the cardiovascular system and have different etiologies such as smoking, lipid disorders, diabetes, stress, sedentary lifestyle and genetic factors. To date, lncRNAs have been associated with increased susceptibility to the development of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, angina and heart failure. In this way, lncRNAs are becoming a very promising point for the prevention and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this review highlights the most important and recent discoveries about the mechanisms of action of the lncRNAs ANRIL, H19 and TUG1 and their clinical relevance in these pathologies. This may contribute to early detection of cardiovascular diseases in order to prevent the pathological phenotype from becoming established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lívia da Cunha Agostini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CiPharma), Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro, s/nº, Ouro Prêto, Minas Gerais, CEP 35402-163, Brazil
| | - Tamires Cunha Almeida
- Escola Superior Instituto Butantan (ESIB), Laboratório de Dor e Sinalização, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glenda Nicioli da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CiPharma), Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro, s/nº, Ouro Prêto, Minas Gerais, CEP 35402-163, Brazil.
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas (DEACL), Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Prêto, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Hussein RM. Long non-coding RNAs: The hidden players in diabetes mellitus-related complications. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102872. [PMID: 37797393 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recognized as important regulators of gene expression in various human diseases. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-term metabolic disorder associated with serious macro and microvascular complications. This review discusses the potential lncRNAs involved in DM-related complications such as dysfunction of pancreatic beta islets, nephropathy, retinopathy, cardiomyopathy, and peripheral neuropathy. METHODS An extensive literature search was conducted in the Scopus database to find information from reputed biomedical articles published on lncRNAs and diabetic complications from 2014 to 2023. All review articles were collected and statistically analyzed, and the findings were summarized. In addition, the potential lncRNAs involved in DM-related complications, molecular mechanisms, and gene targets were discussed in detail. RESULTS The lncRNAs ANRIL, E33, MALAT1, PVT1, Erbb4-IR, Gm4419, Gm5524, MIAT, MEG3, KNCQ1OT1, Uc.48+, BC168687, HOTAIR, and NONRATT021972 were upregulated in several diabetic complications. However, βlinc1, H19, PLUTO, MEG3, GAS5, uc.322, HOTAIR, MIAT, TUG1, CASC2, CYP4B1-PS1-001, SOX2OT, and Crnde were downregulated. Remarkably, lncRNAs MALAT1, ANRIL, MIAT, MEG3, H19, and HOTAIR were overlapping in more than one diabetic complication and were considered potential lncRNAs. CONCLUSION Several lncRNAs are identified as regulators of DM-related complications. The expression of lncRNAs is up or downregulated depending on the disease context, target genes, and regulatory partners. However, most lncRNAs target oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and angiogenesis pathways to mediate their protective/pathogenic mechanism of action and contribute to DM-related complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan.
| |
Collapse
|
|
8
|
Sanchez A, Lhuillier J, Grosjean G, Ayadi L, Maenner S. The Long Non-Coding RNA ANRIL in Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4160. [PMID: 37627188 PMCID: PMC10453084 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
ANRIL (Antisense Noncoding RNA in the INK4 Locus), a long non-coding RNA encoded in the human chromosome 9p21 region, is a critical factor for regulating gene expression by interacting with multiple proteins and miRNAs. It has been found to play important roles in various cellular processes, including cell cycle control and proliferation. Dysregulation of ANRIL has been associated with several diseases like cancers and cardiovascular diseases, for instance. Understanding the oncogenic role of ANRIL and its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in cancer is crucial. This review provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms and oncogenic significance of the 9p21 locus and ANRIL in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lilia Ayadi
- CNRS, Université de Lorraine, IMoPA, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | |
Collapse
|