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Duan X, Subbiah V, Agar OT, Barrow CJ, Ashokkumar M, Dunshea FR, Suleria HAR. Optimizing extraction methods by a comprehensive experimental approach and characterizing polyphenol compositions of Ecklonia radiata. Food Chem 2024; 455:139926. [PMID: 38833868 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Brown seaweed Ecklonia radiata harbors valuable polyphenols, notably phlorotannins, prized for their health benefits. This study optimized phlorotannin extraction via conventional solvent extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods, utilizing variable concentrations of ethanol. Employing fractional factorial designs, key variables were identified. Steepest ascent/descent method and central composite rotatable designs refined optimal conditions, enhancing phlorotannin and polyphenol yields, and antioxidant capacities. Under optimized conditions, phlorotannin contents reached 2.366 ± 0.01 and 2.596 ± 0.04 PGE mg/g, total polyphenol contents peaked at 10.223 ± 0.03 and 10.836 ± 0.02 GAE mg/g. Robust antioxidant activity was observed: DPPH and OH radical scavenging capacities measured 27.891 ± 0.06 and 17.441 ± 0.08 TE mg/g, and 37.498 ± 1.12 and 49.391 ± 0.82 TE mg/g, respectively. Reducing power capacities surged to 9.016 ± 0.02 and 28.110 ± 0.10 TE mg/g. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses revealed enriched antioxidant compounds. Variations in polyphenol profiles were noted, potentially influencing antioxidant capacity nuances. This study illuminated the potential of E. radiata potential as a polyphenol source and offers optimized extraction methods poised to benefit various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Duan
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Vigasini Subbiah
- Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia
| | - Osman Tuncay Agar
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Colin J Barrow
- Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia
| | | | - Frank R Dunshea
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Hafiz A R Suleria
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia.
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Ee LY, Ng BH, Ng BY, Laserna AKC, Chu HT, Chee HL, Li SFY. Phytochemical fingerprint revealing antibacterial and antioxidant activities of endemic banana cultivars in Southeast Asia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35139. [PMID: 39170182 PMCID: PMC11336483 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the bioactive secondary metabolite profiles of the peels of three major cultivars of bananas (Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana). These cultivars are primarily grown in Southeast Asia and are widely consumed due to their rich nutritional and fiber content. The research utilizes advanced analytical techniques, specifically HPLC-DAD-q-TOF-MS/MS, in conjunction with both univariate and multivariate statistical analyses, to analyze the ethanolic extracts of the banana peels. This study identifies phenolic acids, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins as significant contributors to the differentiation of the cultivars. The secondary metabolites rutin, chlorogenic acid, and gentisic acid are pinpointed as the key discriminants. Moreover, the research demonstrates a synergistic contribution of certain phytochemicals to the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the banana peel extracts. The fingerprint profiling tools introduced in this study offer a reliable method for identifying metabolite biomarkers for the discrimination of banana cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ying Ee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Chemical Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bao Hui Ng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Bao Yi Ng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Anna Karen Carrasco Laserna
- Central Instrumentation Facility (Laguna Campus), Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation, De La Salle University, 2041 Taft Avenue, Manila, 1004, Philippines
| | - Hui Ting Chu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 31 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Heng Li Chee
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Sam Fong Yau Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab Building, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
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3
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Kobus Z, Krzywicka M, Blicharz-Kania A, Bosacka A, Pecyna A, Ivanišová E, Kozłowicz K, Kovačiková E. Impact of Incorporating Dried Chaga Mushroom ( Inonotus obliquus) into Gluten-Free Bread on Its Antioxidant and Sensory Characteristics. Molecules 2024; 29:3801. [PMID: 39202879 PMCID: PMC11357129 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Gluten-free bread is increasingly popular among individuals with celiac disease, and The incorporation of mushroom flour offers a novel method to enhance its nutritional profile, antioxidant content, and sensory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and sensory characteristics of gluten-free bread with varying amounts of chaga mushroom flour (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%). The total contents of polyphenols and flavonoids were measured using a spectrophotometric method. Antioxidant activity was assessed through DPPH and FRAP methods, while textural properties were evaluated using the TPA test. Bread colour was analysed using the CIELab system, and sensory evaluation was performed by a panel of trained consumers. The results showed that gluten-free bread enriched with chaga flour had increased polyphenol and flavonoid content and enhanced antioxidant activity. The highest levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, DPPH, and FRAP activity were found in bread with 20% chaga. The addition of chaga mushroom significantly affected the bread's hardness, cohesiveness, and chewiness. Specifically, 20% chaga flour had the most pronounced effect on hardness and elasticity, while 15% chaga flour had the greatest impact on chewiness and cohesiveness. The bread's colour darkened with higher chaga concentrations. The results of sensory evaluation showed a negative correlation between consumer preferences and bread fortified with chaga mushroom flour. The overall consumer acceptability score indicates that only a small addition of mushroom flour (up to 10%) can be used to bake gluten-free bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Kobus
- Department of Technology Fundamentals, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głeboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (Z.K.); (A.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Monika Krzywicka
- Department of Technology Fundamentals, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głeboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (Z.K.); (A.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Agata Blicharz-Kania
- Department of Biological Bases of Food and Feed Technologies, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głeboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (K.K.)
| | - Alicja Bosacka
- Department of Technology Fundamentals, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głeboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (Z.K.); (A.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Pecyna
- Department of Technology Fundamentals, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głeboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (Z.K.); (A.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Eva Ivanišová
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Food Incubator, AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Katarzyna Kozłowicz
- Department of Biological Bases of Food and Feed Technologies, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głeboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (K.K.)
| | - Eva Kovačiková
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
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Biswas R, Sarkar A, Alam M, Roy M, Mahdi Hasan MM. Microwave and ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from Papaya: A sustainable green process. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 101:106677. [PMID: 37939528 PMCID: PMC10656272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The demand for sustainable and eco-friendly extraction methods for bioactive compounds from natural sources has increased significantly in recent years. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of the microwave pretreated ultrasound-assisted extraction (MPUAE) process for the extraction of antioxidants (TPC, DPPH, and FRAP) from papaya pulp and peel. The optimized variables for the MPUAE process were determined using the Box-Behnken design tool of response surface methodology. Our results showed that the optimized variables for pulp and peel were 675.76 and 669.70 W microwave power, 150 s of irradiation time, 30 °C ultrasound temperature, and 19.70 and 16.46 min of ultrasonic extraction time, respectively. Moreover, the MPUAE process was found to be more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly compared to the conventional ultrasound-associated extraction (UAE) technique. The MPUAE process emitted less CO2 to the environment and had a shorter extraction time, resulting in a more sustainable and cost-effective extraction process. Our study suggests that the MPUAE process has the potential to be a promising and eco-friendly alternative for the industrial extraction of bioactive compounds from papaya and other natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Biswas
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh.
| | - Animesh Sarkar
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh.
| | - Mahabub Alam
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh.
| | - Mukta Roy
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh.
| | - M M Mahdi Hasan
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh.
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Siddiqui SA, Ali Redha A, Salauddin M, Harahap IA, Rupasinghe HPV. Factors Affecting the Extraction of (Poly)Phenols from Natural Resources Using Deep Eutectic Solvents Combined with Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37850880 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2266846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Replacing conventional solvents with deep eutectic solvents (DES) has shown promising effects on the extraction yield of (poly)phenols. DES can be combined with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) to further increase the extraction efficiency of (poly)phenols from natural resources compared to conventional methods. This review discusses the factors associated with DES (composition, solvent-to-sample ratio, extraction duration, and temperature) and UAE (ultrasound frequency, power, intensity, and duty cycle) methods that influence the extraction of (poly)phenols and informs future improvements required in the optimization of the extraction process. For the optimum (poly)phenol extraction from natural resources, the following parameters shall be considered: ultrasound frequency should be in the range of 20-50 kHz, ultrasound intensity in the range of 60-120 W/cm2, ultrasound duty cycle in the range of 40-80%, ultrasound duration for 10-30 minutes, and ultrasound temperature for 25-50 °C. Among the reported DES systems, choline chloride with glycerol or lactic acid, with a solvent-to-sample mass ratio of 10-30:1 shown to be effective. The solvent composition and solvent-to-sample mass ratio should be selected according to the target compound and the source material. However, the high viscosity of DES is among the major limitations. Optimizing these factors can help to increase the yield of extracted (poly)phenols and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Ali Ali Redha
- The Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Molla Salauddin
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Mir Madan Mohanlal Government Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Kolkata, India
| | - Iskandar Azmy Harahap
- Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Ponphaiboon J, Krongrawa W, Aung WW, Chinatangkul N, Limmatvapirat S, Limmatvapirat C. Advances in Natural Product Extraction Techniques, Electrospun Fiber Fabrication, and the Integration of Experimental Design: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5163. [PMID: 37446825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review explores the growing interest in the techniques employed for extracting natural products. It emphasizes the limitations of conventional extraction methods and introduces superior non-conventional alternatives, particularly ultrasound-assisted extraction. Characterization and quantification of bioactive constituents through chromatography coupled with spectroscopy are recommended, while the importance of method development and validation for biomarker quantification is underscored. At present, electrospun fibers provide a versatile platform for incorporating bioactive extracts and have extensive potential in diverse fields due to their unique structural and functional characteristics. Thus, the review also highlights the fabrication of electrospun fibers containing bioactive extracts. The preparation of biologically active extracts under optimal conditions, including the selection of safe solvents and cost-effective equipment, holds promising potential in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Integration of experimental design into extraction procedures and formulation development is essential for the efficient production of health products. The review explores potential applications of encapsulating natural product extracts in electrospun fibers, such as wound healing, antibacterial activity, and antioxidant properties, while acknowledging the need for further exploration and optimization in this field. The findings discussed in this review are anticipated to serve as a valuable resource for the processing industry, enabling the utilization of affordable and environmentally friendly, natural, and raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juthaporn Ponphaiboon
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Wantanwa Krongrawa
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Wah Wah Aung
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Nawinda Chinatangkul
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Siam University, Bangkok 10160, Thailand
| | - Sontaya Limmatvapirat
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Chutima Limmatvapirat
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
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Rad IJ, Chapman L, Tupally KR, Veidt M, Al-Sadiq H, Sullivan R, Parekh HS. A systematic review of ultrasound-mediated drug delivery to the eye and critical insights to facilitate a timely path to the clinic. Theranostics 2023; 13:3582-3638. [PMID: 37441595 PMCID: PMC10334839 DOI: 10.7150/thno.82884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound has long been identified as a promising, non-invasive modality for improving ocular drug delivery across a range of indications. Yet, with 20 years of learnings behind us, clinical translation remains limited. To help address this, and in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, the various mechanisms of ultrasound-mediated ocular drug delivery have been appraised, ranging from first principles to emergent applications spanning both ex vivo and in vivo models. The heterogeneity of study methods precluded meta-analysis, however an extensive characterisation of the included studies allowed for semi-quantitative and qualitative assessments. Methods: In this review, we reflected on study quality of reporting, and risk of bias (RoB) using the latest Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE 2.0) guidelines, alongside the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) RoB tools. Literature studies from 2002 to 2022 were initially characterised according to methods of ultrasound application, ultrasound parameters applied, animal models employed, as well as safety and efficacy assessments. This exercise contributed to developing a comprehensive understanding of the current state of play within ultrasound-mediated ocular drug delivery. The results were then synthesised and processed into a guide to aid future study design, with the goal of improving the reliability of data, and to support efficient and timely translation to the clinic. Results: Key attributes identified as hindering translation included: poor reporting quality and high RoB, skewed use of animals unrepresentative of the human eye, and the over reliance of reductionist safety assessments. Ex vivo modelling studies were often unable to have comprehensive safety assessments performed on them, which are imperative to determining treatment safety, and represent a pre-requisite for clinical translation. Conclusion: With the use of our synthesised guide, and a thorough understanding of the underlying physicochemical interactions between ultrasound and ocular biology provided herein, this review offers a firm foundation on which future studies should ideally be built, such that ultrasound-mediated ocular drug delivery can be translated from concept to the coalface where it can provide immense clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac J Rad
- The University of Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Luke Chapman
- The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Martin Veidt
- The University of Queensland, School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hussain Al-Sadiq
- Al-Asala University, Department of Industrial Engineering, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert Sullivan
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Harendra S Parekh
- The University of Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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El Maaiden E, El Kahia H, Nasser B, Moustaid K, Qarah N, Boukcim H, Hirich A, Kouisni L, El Kharrassi Y. Deep eutectic solvent-ultrasound assisted extraction as a green approach for enhanced extraction of naringenin from Searsia tripartita and retained their bioactivities. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1193509. [PMID: 37404862 PMCID: PMC10315493 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1193509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Naringenin (NA) is a natural flavonoid used in the formulation of a wide range of pharmaceutical, fragrance, and cosmetic products. In this research, NA was extracted from Searsia tripartita using an environmentally friendly, high efficiency extraction method: an ultrasound-assisted extraction with deep eutectic solvents (UAE-DES). Methods Six natural deep eutectic solvent systems were tested. Choline chloride was used as the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), and formic acid, ethylene glycol, lactic acid, urea, glycerol, and citric acid were used as hydrogen bond donors (HBD). Results Based on the results of single-factor experiments, response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design was applied to determine the optimal conditions for UAE-DES. According to the results, the optimal NA extraction parameters were as follows: DES-1 consisted of choline chloride (HBA) and formic acid (HBD) in a mole ratio of 2:1, an extraction time of 10 min, an extraction temperature of 50°C, an ultrasonic amplitude of 75 W, and a solid-liquid ratio of 1/60 g/mL. Extracted NA was shown to inhibit the activity of different enzymes in vitro, including α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, elastase, collagenase, and hyaluronidase. Conclusion Thus, the UAE-DES technique produced high-efficiency NA extraction while retaining bioactivity, implying broad application potential, and making it worthy of consideration as a high-throughput green extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzouhra El Maaiden
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Houda El Kahia
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, Hassan I University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
| | - Khadija Moustaid
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Hassan I University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
| | - Nagib Qarah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education-Zabid, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah, Yemen
| | - Hassan Boukcim
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Hirich
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Lamfeddal Kouisni
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Youssef El Kharrassi
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
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Factorial Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phycocyanin from Synechocystis salina: Towards a Biorefinery Approach. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091389. [PMID: 36143425 PMCID: PMC9505276 DOI: 10.3390/life12091389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PC is a bioactive and colorant compound widely sought in the food, nutraceutical and cosmetic industries, and one of the most important pigments produced by Synechocystis salina. However, the general extraction process is usually time-consuming and expensive, with low extraction yields—thus compromising a feasible and sustainable bioprocess. Hence, new extraction technologies (e.g., ultrasound assisted-extraction or UAE) emerged in the latest years may serve as a key step to make the overall bioprocess more competitive. Therefore, this study aimed at optimizing the yields of phycocyanin (PC) rich-extracts of S. salina by resorting to UAE; in attempts to explore this process in a more economically feasible way; valorization of the remaining cyanobacterial biomass, via extraction of other bioactive pigments and antioxidants, was tackled within a biorefinery perspective. A two-stage extraction (using ethanol and water) was thus performed (because it favors PC extraction); other bioactive pigments, including chlorophyll a (chl a), carotenoids, and other phycobiliproteins (PBPs), but also antioxidant (AOX) capacity and extraction yields were also evaluated for their optimum UAE yields. A factorial design based on Box–Behnken model was developed; and the influence of such extraction parameters as biomass to solvent ratio (B/S ratio = 1.5–8.5 mg·mL−1), duty cycle (DT = 40–100%), and percentage of amplitude (A = 40–100%) were evaluated. The model predicted higher PC yields with high B/S ratio = 6 mg·mL−1, lower DT = 80% and an A = 100%. Classical extraction was compared with UAE under the optimum conditions found; the latter improved PC yields by 12.5% and 47.8%, when compared to freeze-thawing extraction, and bead beater homogenization-based extraction, respectively. UAE successive extractions allowed to valorize other important bioactive compounds than PC, by reusing biomass, supporting a favorable contribution to the economic feasibility of the S. salina-based process towards a biorefinery approach.
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Optimization of the Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Cannabis sativa L. Leaves and Inflorescences Using Response Surface Methodology. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of particle size and ultrasonic parameters on the yields of bioactive compounds extracted from the leaves and inflorescences of hemp. The total flavonoid and anthocyanin contents were determined using the spectrophotometric method. The response surface methodology (RMS) was employed to optimize the yield of bioactive substances. On the basis of the developed model, the highest flavonoid yield was obtained under the following extraction conditions: particle size, 0.59 mm; extraction time, 10.71 min; ultrasound intensity, 7.13 W∙cm−2; extraction yield, 9.28 mg QE∙g−1; determination coefficient, R2 = 0.97. The optimal conditions for extracting anthocyanins were as follows: particle size, 0.25 mm; extraction time, 15 min; ultrasound intensity, 8.60 W∙cm−2; extraction efficiency, 20.27 mg Cy-GE∙100 g−1; determination coefficient, R2 = 0.87. This study helped confirm the importance of pulsed ultrasound-assisted extraction in obtaining bioactive compounds from hemp.
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