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Roark RS, Habib R, Gorman J, Li H, Connell AJ, Bonsignori M, Guo Y, Hogarty MP, Olia AS, Sowers K, Zhang B, Bibollet-Ruche F, Callaghan S, Carey JW, Cerutti G, Harris DR, He W, Lewis E, Liu T, Mason RD, Park Y, Rando JM, Singh A, Wolff J, Lei QP, Louder MK, Doria-Rose NA, Andrabi R, Saunders KO, Seaman MS, Haynes BF, Kulp DW, Mascola JR, Roederer M, Sheng Z, Hahn BH, Shaw GM, Kwong PD, Shapiro L. HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies in SHIV-infected macaques recapitulate structurally divergent modes of human V2 apex recognition with a single D gene. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.11.598384. [PMID: 38903070 PMCID: PMC11188099 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.11.598384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting the V2 apex of the HIV-1 envelope trimer are among the most common specificities elicited in HIV-1-infected humans and simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)-infected macaques. To gain insight into the prevalent induction of these antibodies, we isolated and characterized 11 V2 apex-directed neutralizing antibody lineages from SHIV-infected rhesus macaques. Remarkably, all SHIV-induced V2 apex lineages were derived from reading frame two of the rhesus DH3-15*01 gene. Cryo-EM structures of envelope trimers in complex with antibodies from nine rhesus lineages revealed modes of recognition that mimicked three canonical human V2 apex-recognition modes. Notably, amino acids encoded by DH3-15*01 played divergent structural roles, inserting into a hole at the trimer apex, H-bonding to an exposed strand, or forming part of a loop scaffold. Overall, we identify a DH3-15*01-signature for rhesus V2 apex broadly neutralizing antibodies and show that highly selected genetic elements can play multiple roles in antigen recognition. Highlights Isolated 11 V2 apex-targeted HIV-neutralizing lineages from 10 SHIV-infected Indian-origin rhesus macaquesCryo-EM structures of Fab-Env complexes for nine rhesus lineages reveal modes of recognition that mimic three modes of human V2 apex antibody recognitionAll SHIV-elicited V2 apex lineages, including two others previously published, derive from the same DH3-15*01 gene utilizing reading frame twoThe DH3-15*01 gene in reading frame two provides a necessary, but not sufficient, signature for V2 apex-directed broadly neutralizing antibodiesStructural roles played by DH3-15*01-encoded amino acids differed substantially in different lineages, even for those with the same recognition modePropose that the anionic, aromatic, and extended character of DH3-15*01 in reading frame two provides a selective advantage for V2 apex recognition compared to B cells derived from other D genes in the naïve rhesus repertoireDemonstrate that highly selected genetic elements can play multiple roles in antigen recognition, providing a structural means to enhance recognition diversity.
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2
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D’Antona AM, Lee JM, Zhang M, Friedman C, He T, Mosyak L, Bennett E, Lin L, Silverman M, Cometa F, Meade C, Hageman T, Sousa E, Cohen J, Marquette K, Ferguson D, Zhong X. Tyrosine Sulfation at Antibody Light Chain CDR-1 Increases Binding Affinity and Neutralization Potency to Interleukine-4. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1931. [PMID: 38339208 PMCID: PMC10855961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Structure and function of therapeutic antibodies can be modulated by a variety of post-translational modifications (PTM). Tyrosine (Tyr) sulfation is a type of negatively charged PTM that occurs during protein trafficking through the Golgi. In this study, we discovered that an anti-interleukin (IL)-4 human IgG1, produced by transiently transfected HEK293 cells, contained a fraction of unusual negatively charged species. Interestingly, the isolated acidic species exhibited a two-fold higher affinity to IL-4 and a nearly four-fold higher potency compared to the main species. Mass spectrometry (MS) showed the isolated acidic species possessed an +80-Dalton from the expected mass, suggesting an occurrence of Tyr sulfation. Consistent with this hypothesis, we show the ability to control the acidic species during transient expression with the addition of Tyr sulfation inhibitor sodium chlorate or, conversely, enriched the acidic species from 30% to 92% of the total antibody protein when the IL-4 IgG was co-transfected with tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase genes. Further MS and mutagenesis analysis identified a Tyr residue at the light chain complementarity-determining region-1 (CDRL-1), which was sulfated specifically. These results together have demonstrated for the first time that Tyr sulfation at CDRL-1 could modulate antibody binding affinity and potency to a human immune cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. D’Antona
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Julie M. Lee
- Translational Clinical Sciences, Pfizer Discovery & Early Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Melvin Zhang
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Clarence Friedman
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Tao He
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Lidia Mosyak
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Eric Bennett
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Laura Lin
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Maddison Silverman
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Funi Cometa
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Caryl Meade
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Tyler Hageman
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Eric Sousa
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Justin Cohen
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Kimberly Marquette
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Darren Ferguson
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Xiaotian Zhong
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
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3
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Luo H, Mahon D, Wong P, Madayiputhiya N, Chen Y, Stauffer T, Tao L, Zeng M. Structure-function relationship study for sulfated protein therapeutics using hydrophobic interaction chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1233:123981. [PMID: 38184885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine sulfation is a post-translational modification (PTM) that is rarely reported in recombinant therapeutic proteins. However, when sulfation does occur, the additional negative charge from the modification can influence intermolecular interactions and antigen-binding activity, making it a critical quality attribute that necessitates stringent control. In this study, we developed a unique hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) method for the separation and quantification of a therapeutic bispecific antibody with varying degrees of sulfation. Despite the increased surface hydrophilicity of sulfated species, the HIC method provides enhanced retention. Baseline resolution was attained based on the degree of sulfation, independent of other PTMs such as C-terminal amidation and forced deamidation. Further structure-function relationship studies of enriched sulfated bispecific antibody species were conducted using mass spectrometry and fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA). These studies revealed that the tyrosine sulfation modification, which occurs in the complementarity-determining region (CDR), is a critical quality attribute and can adversely impact the antibody's binding to its cognate antigen. The evaluation of sulfation assay using HIC method confirmed it is an effective means for controlling this critical quality attribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Luo
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, NJ, USA.
| | - David Mahon
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, NJ, USA
| | - Patrick Wong
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, NJ, USA
| | | | - Yingchen Chen
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, NJ, USA
| | - Tara Stauffer
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, NJ, USA
| | - Li Tao
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, NJ, USA
| | - Ming Zeng
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, NJ, USA
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4
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Deubler M, Weißenborn L, Leukel S, Horn AHC, Eichler J, Sticht H. Computational Characterization of the Binding Properties of the HIV1-Neutralizing Antibody PG16 and Design of PG16-Derived CDRH3 Peptides. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:824. [PMID: 37372110 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
PG16 is a broadly neutralizing antibody that binds to the gp120 subunit of the HIV-1 Env protein. The major interaction site is formed by the unusually long complementarity determining region (CDR) H3. The CDRH3 residue Tyr100H is known to represent a tyrosine sulfation site; however, this modification is not present in the experimental complex structure of PG16 with full-length HIV-1 Env. To investigate the role of sulfation for this complex, we modeled the sulfation of Tyr100H and compared the dynamics and energetics of the modified and unmodified complex by molecular dynamics simulations at the atomic level. Our results show that sulfation does not affect the overall conformation of CDRH3, but still enhances gp120 interactions both at the site of modification and for the neighboring residues. This stabilization affects not only protein-protein contacts, but also the interactions between PG16 and the gp120 glycan shield. Furthermore, we also investigated whether PG16-CDRH3 is a suitable template for the development of peptide mimetics. For a peptide spanning residues 93-105 of PG16, we obtained an experimental EC50 value of 3nm for the binding of gp120 to the peptide. This affinity can be enhanced by almost one order of magnitude by artificial disulfide bonding between residues 99 and 100F. In contrast, any truncation results in significantly lower affinity, suggesting that the entire peptide segment is involved in gp120 recognition. Given their high affinity, it should be possible to further optimize the PG16-derived peptides as potential inhibitors of HIV invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Deubler
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lucas Weißenborn
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Leukel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anselm H C Horn
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen National High Performance Computing Center (NHR@FAU), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jutta Eichler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen National High Performance Computing Center (NHR@FAU), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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5
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Lietz CB, Deyanova E, Cho Y, Cordia J, Franc S, Kabro S, Wang S, Mikolon D, Banks DD. Identification of tyrosine sulfation in the variable region of a bispecific antibody and its effect on stability and biological activity. MAbs 2023; 15:2259289. [PMID: 37742207 PMCID: PMC10519368 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2259289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite tyrosine sulfation being a relatively common post-translational modification (PTM) on the secreted proteins of higher eukaryotic organisms, there have been surprisingly few reports of this modification occurring in recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) expressed by mammalian cell lines and even less information regarding its potential impact on mAb efficacy and stability. This discrepancy is likely due to the extreme lability of this modification using many of the mass spectrometry methods typically used within the biopharmaceutical industry for PTM identification, as well as the possible misidentification as phosphorylation. Here, we identified sulfation on a single tyrosine residue located within the identical variable region sequence of a 2 + 1 bispecific mAbs heavy and heavy-heavy chains using a multi-enzymatic approach in combination with mass spectrometry analysis and examined its impact on binding, efficacy, and physical stability. Unlike previous reports, we found that tyrosine sulfation modestly decreased the mAb cell binding and T cell-mediated killing, primarily by increasing the rate of antigen disassociation as determined from surface plasmon resonance-binding experiments. We also found that, while this acidic modification had no significant impact on the mAb thermal stability, sulfation did modestly increase its rate of aggregation, presumably by lowering the mAb's colloidal stability as indicated by polyethylene glycol induced liquid-liquid phase separation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Lietz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization - DMPK, Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ekaterina Deyanova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization - DPAS, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | - Younhee Cho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization - DPAS, Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jon Cordia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization - DPAS, Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Franc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization - DPAS, Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sally Kabro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization - DPAS, Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Steven Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization - DPAS, Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David Mikolon
- Department of Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Douglas D. Banks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization - DPAS, Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, CA, USA
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6
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Zhang B, Gorman J, Kwon YD, Pegu A, Chao CW, Liu T, Asokan M, Bender MF, Bylund T, Damron L, Gollapudi D, Lei P, Li Y, Liu C, Louder MK, McKee K, Olia AS, Rawi R, Schön A, Wang S, Yang ES, Yang Y, Carlton K, Doria-Rose NA, Shapiro L, Seaman MS, Mascola JR, Kwong PD. Bispecific antibody CAP256.J3LS targets V2-apex and CD4-binding sites with high breadth and potency. MAbs 2023; 15:2165390. [PMID: 36729903 PMCID: PMC9897750 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2165390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody CAP256-VRC26.25 targets the second hypervariable region (V2) at the apex of the HIV envelope (Env) trimer with extraordinary neutralization potency, although less than optimal breadth. To improve breadth, we linked the light chain of CAP256V2LS, an optimized version of CAP256-VRC26.25 currently under clinical evaluation, to the llama nanobody J3, which has broad CD4-binding site-directed neutralization. The J3-linked bispecific antibody exhibited improved breadth and potency over both J3 and CAP256V2LS, indicative of synergistic neutralization. The cryo-EM structure of the bispecific antibody in complex with a prefusion-closed Env trimer revealed simultaneous binding of J3 and CAP256V2LS. We further optimized the pharmacokinetics of the bispecific antibody by reducing the net positive charge of J3. The optimized bispecific antibody, which we named CAP256.J3LS, had a half-life similar to CAP256V2LS in human FcRn knock-in mice and exhibited suitable auto-reactivity, manufacturability, and biophysical risk. CAP256.J3LS neutralized over 97% of a multiclade 208-strain panel (geometric mean concentration for 80% inhibition (IC80) 0.079 μg/ml) and 100% of a 100-virus clade C panel (geometric mean IC80 of 0.05 μg/ml), suggesting its anti-HIV utility especially in regions where clade C dominates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Young D. Kwon
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cara W. Chao
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tracy Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Michael F. Bender
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tatsiana Bylund
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leland Damron
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Deepika Gollapudi
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paula Lei
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yile Li
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark K. Louder
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Krisha McKee
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adam S. Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arne Schön
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yongping Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Carlton
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole A. Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael S. Seaman
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,Department of Biochemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,CONTACT Peter D. Kwong Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
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7
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Zhong X, D’Antona AM. A potential antibody repertoire diversification mechanism through tyrosine sulfation for biotherapeutics engineering and production. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1072702. [PMID: 36569848 PMCID: PMC9774471 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1072702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of three hypervariable loops in antibody heavy chain and light chain, termed the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), defines antibody's binding affinity and specificity owing to the direct contact between the CDRs and antigens. These CDR regions typically contain tyrosine (Tyr) residues that are known to engage in both nonpolar and pi stacking interaction with antigens through their complementary aromatic ring side chains. Nearly two decades ago, sulfotyrosine residue (sTyr), a negatively charged Tyr formed by Golgi-localized membrane-bound tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases during protein trafficking, were also found in the CDR regions and shown to play an important role in modulating antibody-antigen interaction. This breakthrough finding demonstrated that antibody repertoire could be further diversified through post-translational modifications, in addition to the conventional genetic recombination. This review article summarizes the current advances in the understanding of the Tyr-sulfation modification mechanism and its application in potentiating protein-protein interaction for antibody engineering and production. Challenges and opportunities are also discussed.
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8
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Zhang B, Gollapudi D, Gorman J, O’Dell S, Damron LF, McKee K, Asokan M, Yang ES, Pegu A, Lin BC, Chao CW, Chen X, Gama L, Ivleva VB, Law WH, Liu C, Louder MK, Schmidt SD, Shen CH, Shi W, Stein JA, Seaman MS, McDermott AB, Carlton K, Mascola JR, Kwong PD, Lei QP, Doria-Rose NA. Engineering of HIV-1 neutralizing antibody CAP256V2LS for manufacturability and improved half life. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17876. [PMID: 36284200 PMCID: PMC9596707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) CAP256-VRC26.25 has exceptional potency against HIV-1 and has been considered for clinical use. During the characterization and production of this bNAb, we observed several unusual features. First, the antibody appeared to adhere to pipette tips, requiring tips to be changed during serial dilution to accurately measure potency. Second, during production scale-up, proteolytic cleavage was discovered to target an extended heavy chain loop, which was attributed to a protease in spent medium from 2-week culture. To enable large scale production, we altered the site of cleavage via a single amino acid change, K100mA. The resultant antibody retained potency and breadth while avoiding protease cleavage. We also added the half-life extending mutation LS, which improved the in vivo persistence in animal models, but did not impact neutralization activity; we observed the same preservation of neutralization for bNAbs VRC01, N6, and PGDM1400 with LS on a 208-virus panel. The final engineered antibody, CAP256V2LS, retained the extraordinary neutralization potency of the parental antibody, had a favorable pharmacokinetic profile in animal models, and was negative in in vitro assessment of autoreactivity. CAP256V2LS has the requisite potency, developability and suitability for scale-up, allowing its advancement as a clinical candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshan Zhang
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Deepika Gollapudi
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Jason Gorman
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Sijy O’Dell
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Leland F. Damron
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Krisha McKee
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Mangaiarkarasi Asokan
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Bob C. Lin
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Cara W. Chao
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Lucio Gama
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Vera B. Ivleva
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - William H. Law
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Cuiping Liu
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Mark K. Louder
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Stephen D. Schmidt
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Chen-Hsiang Shen
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Wei Shi
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Judith A. Stein
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Michael S. Seaman
- grid.239395.70000 0000 9011 8547Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Adrian B. McDermott
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Kevin Carlton
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - John R. Mascola
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Q. Paula Lei
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Nicole A. Doria-Rose
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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