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Wang J, Li M, Yin T, Ma X, Zhu X. Concentration-dependent effects of spinetoram on nontarget freshwater microalgae: A comparative study on Chlorella vulgaris and Microcystis aeruginosa. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118755. [PMID: 38555091 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The rising global demand for agricultural products is leading to the widespread application of pesticides, such as spinetoram, resulting in environmental pollution and ecotoxicity to nontarget organisms in aquatic ecosystems. This research focused on assessing the toxicity of spinetoram at various concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 mg L-1) on two common freshwater microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris and Microcystis aeruginosa, to shed light on the ecotoxicological effects of insecticides. Our findings demonstrate that M. aeruginosa is more sensitive to spinetoram than is C. vulgaris, with a concentration-dependent reduction in the growth rate observed for M. aeruginosa, whereas only the highest concentration of spinetoram adversely affected C. vulgaris. At a concentration of 0.01 mg L-1, the growth rate of M. aeruginosa unexpectedly increased beginning on day 7, indicating a potential hormetic effect. Although initial exposure to spinetoram improved the photosynthetic efficiency of both microalgae strains at all concentrations, detrimental effects became apparent at higher concentrations and with prolonged exposure. The photosynthetic efficiency of C. vulgaris recovered, in contrast to that of M. aeruginosa, which exhibited limited recovery. Spinetoram more significantly inhibited the effective quantum yield of PSII (EQY) in M. aeruginosa than in C. vulgaris. Although spinetoram is not designed to target phytoplankton, its toxicity can disrupt primary productivity and modify phytoplankton-consumer interactions via bottom-up control mechanisms. This study enhances our understanding of spinetoram's ecotoxicity and potential effects on aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Tianchi Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaogang Ma
- School of Civil Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750030, China
| | - Xuexia Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Li Z, Costamagna AC, Beran F, You M. Biology, Ecology, and Management of Flea Beetles in Brassica Crops. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 69:199-217. [PMID: 38270984 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-033023-015753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Brassica vegetable and oilseed crops are attacked by several different flea beetle species (Chrysomelidae: Alticini). Over the past decades, most research has focused on two Phyllotreta species, Phyllotreta striolata and Phyllotreta cruciferae, which are major pests of oilseed rape in North America. More recently, and especially after the ban of neonicotinoids in the European Union, the cabbage stem flea beetle, Psylliodes chrysocephala, has become greatly important and is now considered to be the major pest of winter oilseed rape in Europe. The major challenges to flea beetle control are the prediction of population dynamics in the field, differential susceptibility to insecticides, and the lack of resistant plant cultivars and other economically viable alternative management strategies. At the same time, many fundamental aspects of flea beetle biology and ecology, which may be relevant for the development of sustainable control strategies, are not well understood. This review focuses on the interactions between flea beetles and plants and summarizes the literature on current management strategies with an emphasis on the potential for biological control in flea beetle management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China;
| | | | - Franziska Beran
- Department of Population Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany,
| | - Minsheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China;
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Guo M, Gao R, Nanda S, Li Y, Guo C, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Yang C, Pan H. RNAi assays in the striped flea beetle (Phyllotreta striolata) suggest Psγ-COPI and PsArf1COPI as potential molecular targets for pest control. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:105428. [PMID: 37248006 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius), commonly known as the striped flea beetle (SFB), is a notorious insect pest that attacks Brassicaceae plants worldwide, leading to tremendous economic losses. RNA interference (RNAi) has been proposed as a promising strategy for sustainable and eco-friendly pest control. In this study, a total of nine housekeeping genes including PsVATPA, PsHSP90, PsEF1A, PsRPL6, PsRPS24, PsActin, PsTUBA, PsRPS18, and PsRPL4 were evaluated under four different conditions (organization, population, sex, and RNAi). PsEF1A and PsVATPA were identified as the best reference genes for RNAi bioassay. Furthermore, a total of 24 target genes were selected to investigate their RNAi effects in SFB adults with double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), five of them showed significant mortality (28.00% to 70.00%), namely Psα-COPI, Psβ-COPI, PsRPS18, Psγ-COPI, and PsArf1COPI. We found that gene transcript levels of the two most lethal genes, Psγ-COPI and PsArf1COPI, were significantly decreased after treated with the target dsRNAs either by feeding or injection method. The findings from this study demonstrated that the introduction of dsRNAs via oral feedings or injection induces the RNAi-mediated silencing of target genes and can lead to insect mortality. Overall, the identified target genes can be explored in developing RNAi-based insecticides for SFB control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujuan Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ran Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Satyabrata Nanda
- MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, 761200, India
| | - Yingqiu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Changfei Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40546, USA
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunxiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Huipeng Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Wang L, Pang Z, Chen Q, Song Z, Lu Y, Yang M, Huang J, Yu XQ, Wang X. Sublethal exposure to spinetoram impacts life history traits and dengue virus replication in Aedes aegypti. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:486-500. [PMID: 36069276 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are anthropogenic environmental stressors and also a common stressor for mosquito vectors. However, the use of insecticides is often guided by short-term efficacy, and the sublethal effect on their target or nontarget species has long been ignored. Here, we analyzed how sublethal exposure of the promising vector-control bioinsecticide spinetoram to Aedes aegypti larvae alter adult performance and susceptibility to dengue virus (DENV) infection. We found that the surviving adult mosquitoes were significantly smaller and exhibited weaker blood-feeding capacity than control females, apart from the extended immature development period. In terms of reproductive potential, although the F0 generation produced a similar number of eggs and offspring during the first gonotrophic cycle, the survival rates of the F1 generations were significantly lower as compared to the control group, suggesting transgenerational sublethal effects on the F1 generation. Notably, surviving adult females had higher DENV-2 viral loads than the control group after spinetoram sublethal exposure. Mechanistically, transcriptomic analysis showed that inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation may function in stimulating DENV production in adult Ae. aegypti. In Aag2 cells, significant accumulation of apoptosis, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, and DENV-2 replication by spinetoram exposure consistently support our conclusion. Our study highlights the threat of sublethal spinetoram exposure on outbreaks of mosquito-borne viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoluo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichang Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhentao Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Goon A, Kundu C, Ganguly P. Development of a Modified QuEChERS Method Coupled with LC-MS/MS for Determination of Spinetoram Residue in Soybean ( Glycine max) and Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum). J Xenobiot 2022; 13:2-15. [PMID: 36648838 PMCID: PMC9844290 DOI: 10.3390/jox13010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An analytical method for the quantitative determination of the insecticide spinetoram in cotton and soybean was established and validated using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Spinetoram is the mixture of two spinosyns, 3′-O-ethyl-5,6-dihydro spinosyn J and 3′-O-ethyl spinosyn L. The method involves extraction with ethyl acetate followed by dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) clean-up with primary secondary amine (PSA), C18 and graphitised carbon black (GCB). The final quantitation of spinetoram was done by using LC-MS/MS with positive electrospray ionization. The method was reproducible (Horwitz ratio (HorRat) < 0.5 at 25 ng g−1) and validated by the analysis of samples spiked at 25, 50 and 100 ng g−1 in soybean, cotton and soil. The recoveries of spinosyns were found to be more than 85% when spiked at different levels. The identities of spinosyns were confirmed by using the ion ratio. A field dissipation study was conducted in soybean and cotton to find out the environmental fate of spinetoram, and samples were analysed following the proposed analytical method. Both isomers were found to be dissipated quickly. The pre-harvest interval of spinetoram was calculated in different substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Goon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Nadia 741235, India
- Department of Agricultural Chemicals, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Chiranjit Kundu
- Department of Agricultural Chemicals, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Pritam Ganguly
- Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur 813210, India
- Correspondence:
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Tang LD, Guo LH, Ali A, Desneux N, Zang LS. Synergism of Adjuvants Mixed With Spinetoram for the Management of Bean Flower Thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Cowpeas. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:2013-2019. [PMID: 36178344 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) is an economically important insect pest of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp in south China. Spinetoram is a newly available commercial active ingredient in the spinosyn mode of action group of insecticides that has been recommended for thrips management in China. In this study, the toxicity and efficacy of spinetoram for controlling M. usitatus were evaluated and compared to six other conventional insecticides. In addition, the synergistic effects of adjuvants (Silwet 806, Silwet 618, AgroSpred 910, and AgroSpred Prime) mixed with spinetoram for thrips control on cowpea were evaluated in both the laboratory and the field. Results of this study showed that spinetoram had higher toxicity and field efficacy of M. usitatus than other tested insecticides. A significant increase in efficacy was observed when spinetoram was applied at a recommended rate of 0.67 ml/L, mixed with Silwets (806 and 618) at the rate of 0.5 ml/L. Reductions of 50% and 40% in thrips infestation in the field over treatments without adjuvants were observed 3- and 7-days posttreatments, respectively. However, no significant reduction of M. usitatus was recorded when spinetoram was mixed with AgroSpreds (910 and Prime). Furthermore, no significant differences were found in thrips infestation between spinetoram sprayed alone at the rate of 0.67 ml/L and a reduced rate of spinetoram (0.45 ml/L) mixed with Silwets (806 and 618). The current research shows that Silwets mixed with spinetoram has a synergistic effect in the management of thrips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-De Tang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Hang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, P.R. China
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Entomology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Lian-Sheng Zang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
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