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Cerins A, Thomas EHX, Barbour T, Taylor JJ, Siddiqi SH, Trapp N, McGirr A, Caulfield KA, Brown JC, Chen L. A New Angle on Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Coil Orientation: A Targeted Narrative Review. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:744-753. [PMID: 38729243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is used to treat several neuropsychiatric disorders including depression, where it is effective in approximately one half of patients for whom pharmacological approaches have failed. Treatment response is related to stimulation parameters such as the stimulation frequency, pattern, intensity, location, total number of pulses and sessions applied, and target brain network engagement. One critical but underexplored component of the stimulation procedure is the orientation or yaw angle of the commonly used figure-of-eight TMS coil, which is known to impact neuronal response to TMS. However, coil orientation has remained largely unchanged since TMS was first used to treat depression and continues to be based on motor cortex anatomy, which may not be optimal for the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex treatment site. In this targeted narrative review, we evaluate experimental, clinical, and computational evidence indicating that optimizing coil orientation may improve TMS treatment outcomes. The properties of the electric field induced by TMS, the changes to this field caused by the differing conductivities of head tissues, and the interaction between coil orientation and the underlying cortical anatomy are summarized. We describe evidence that the magnitude and site of cortical activation, surrogate markers of TMS dosing and brain network targeting considered central in clinical response to TMS, are influenced by coil orientation. We suggest that coil orientation should be considered when applying therapeutic TMS and propose several approaches to optimizing this potentially important treatment parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andris Cerins
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth H X Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tracy Barbour
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph J Taylor
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shan H Siddiqi
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicholas Trapp
- University of Iowa, Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Alexander McGirr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kevin A Caulfield
- Brain Stimulation Division, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Joshua C Brown
- Brain Stimulation Mechanisms Laboratory, Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leo Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Alfred Mental and Addiction Health, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Speranza BE, Hill AT, Do M, Cerins A, Donaldson PH, Desarkar P, Oberman LM, Das S, Enticott PG, Kirkovski M. The Neurophysiological Effects of Theta Burst Stimulation as Measured by Electroencephalography: A Systematic Review. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024:S2451-9022(24)00206-4. [PMID: 39084526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that can modulate neural activity. The effect of TBS on regions beyond the motor cortex remains unclear. With increased interest in applying TBS to non-motor regions for research and clinical purposes, these effects must be understood and characterised. We synthesised the electrophysiological effects of a single session of TBS, as indexed by electroencephalography (EEG) and concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation and EEG (TMS-EEG), in non-clinical participants. We reviewed 79 studies that administered either continuous TBS (cTBS) or intermittent TBS (iTBS) protocols. Broadly, cTBS suppressed and iTBS facilitated evoked response component amplitudes. Response to TBS as measured by spectral power and connectivity was much more variable. Variability increased in the presence of task stimuli. There was a large degree of heterogeneity in the research methodology across studies. Additionally, the effect of individual differences on TBS response is insufficiently investigated. Future research investigating the effects of TBS as measured by EEG must consider methodological and individual factors that may affect TBS outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette E Speranza
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Aron T Hill
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Do
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andris Cerins
- Brain Stimulation Lab, Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter H Donaldson
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pushpal Desarkar
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lindsay M Oberman
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sushmit Das
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter G Enticott
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Kirkovski
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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McMackin R, Tadjine Y, Fasano A, Mitchell M, Heverin M, Awiszus F, Nasseroleslami B, Carson RG, Hardiman O. Examining short interval intracortical inhibition with different transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced current directions in ALS. Clin Neurophysiol Pract 2024; 9:120-129. [PMID: 38595691 PMCID: PMC11002888 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To establish if induced current direction across the motor cortex alters the sensitivity of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) as an ALS biomarker. Methods Threshold tracking-TMS was undertaken in 35 people with ALS and 39 controls. Using a coil orientation which induces posterior-anterior (PA)-directed current across the motor cortex, SICI (1 ms and 3 ms interstimulus intervals) and intracortical facilitation (ICF, 10 ms interstimulus interval) were recorded. SICI3ms was also recorded using a coil orientation which induces anterior-posterior (AP)-directed current across the motor cortex. Results At group level, SICI3ms-PA (AUROC = 0.7), SICI3ms-AP (AUROC = 0.8) and SICI1ms (AUROC = 0.66) were substantially lower in those with ALS, although there was considerable interindividual heterogeneity. Averaging across interstimulus intervals (ISIs) marginally improved SICIPA sensitivity (AUROC = 0.76). Averaging SICI values across ISIs and orientations into a single SICI measure did not substantially improve sensitivity (AUROC = 0.81) compared to SICI3ms-AP alone. SICI3ms-AP and SICI3ms-PA did not significantly correlate (rho = 0.19, p = 0.313), while SICI1ms-PA and SICI3ms-PA did (rho = 0.37, p = 0.006). Further, those with ALS with the lowest SICI3ms-PA were not those with the lowest SICI3ms-AP. ICF was similar between groups (AUROC = 0.50). Conclusions SICIPA and SICIAP are uncorrelated measures of motor cortical inhibitory functions which are useful as distinct, unequally affected, measures of disinhibition in ALS. Significance Examining both SICIPA and SICIAP may facilitate more comprehensive characterisation of motor cortical disinhibition in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roisin McMackin
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Ireland
- Academic Unit of Neurology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yasmine Tadjine
- Academic Unit of Neurology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Ireland
| | - Antonio Fasano
- Academic Unit of Neurology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew Mitchell
- Academic Unit of Neurology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Heverin
- Academic Unit of Neurology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Ireland
| | - Friedemann Awiszus
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bahman Nasseroleslami
- Academic Unit of Neurology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard G Carson
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Ireland
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast
| | - Orla Hardiman
- Academic Unit of Neurology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Ireland
- Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Cronin EM, Schneider AC, Nadim F, Bucher D. Modulation by Neuropeptides with Overlapping Targets Results in Functional Overlap in Oscillatory Circuit Activation. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1201232023. [PMID: 37968117 PMCID: PMC10851686 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1201-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulation lends flexibility to neural circuit operation but the general notion that different neuromodulators sculpt neural circuit activity into distinct and characteristic patterns is complicated by interindividual variability. In addition, some neuromodulators converge onto the same signaling pathways, with similar effects on neurons and synapses. We compared the effects of three neuropeptides on the rhythmic pyloric circuit in the stomatogastric ganglion of male crabs, Cancer borealis Proctolin (PROC), crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP), and red pigment concentrating hormone (RPCH) activate the same modulatory inward current, I MI, and have convergent actions on synapses. However, while PROC targets all four neuron types in the core pyloric circuit, CCAP and RPCH target the same subset of only two neurons. After removal of spontaneous neuromodulator release, none of the neuropeptides restored the control cycle frequency, but all restored the relative timing between neuron types. Consequently, differences between neuropeptide effects were mainly found in the spiking activity of different neuron types. We performed statistical comparisons using the Euclidean distance in the multidimensional space of normalized output attributes to obtain a single measure of difference between modulatory states. Across preparations, the circuit output in PROC was distinguishable from CCAP and RPCH, but CCAP and RPCH were not distinguishable from each other. However, we argue that even between PROC and the other two neuropeptides, population data overlapped enough to prevent reliable identification of individual output patterns as characteristic for a specific neuropeptide. We confirmed this notion by showing that blind classifications by machine learning algorithms were only moderately successful.Significance Statement It is commonly assumed that distinct behaviors or circuit activities can be elicited by different neuromodulators. Yet it is unknown to what extent these characteristic actions remain distinct across individuals. We use a well-studied circuit model of neuromodulation to examine the effects of three neuropeptides, each known to produce a distinct activity pattern in controlled studies. We find that, when compared across individuals, the three peptides elicit activity patterns that are either statistically indistinguishable or show too much overlap to be labeled characteristic. We ascribe this to interindividual variability and overlapping subcellular actions of the modulators. Because both factors are common in all neural circuits, these findings have broad significance for understanding chemical neuromodulatory actions while considering interindividual variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Cronin
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Anna C Schneider
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Farzan Nadim
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Dirk Bucher
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
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Schneider AC, Itani O, Cronin E, Daur N, Bucher D, Nadim F. Comodulation reduces interindividual variability of circuit output. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.03.543573. [PMID: 37383946 PMCID: PMC10298844 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.03.543573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Ionic current levels of identified neurons vary substantially across individual animals. Yet, under similar conditions, neural circuit output can be remarkably similar, as evidenced in many motor systems. All neural circuits are influenced by multiple neuromodulators which provide flexibility to their output. These neuromodulators often overlap in their actions by modulating the same channel type or synapse, yet have neuron-specific actions resulting from distinct receptor expression. Because of this different receptor expression pattern, in the presence of multiple convergent neuromodulators, a common downstream target would be activated more uniformly in circuit neurons across individuals. We therefore propose that a baseline tonic (non-saturating) level of comodulation by convergent neuromodulators can reduce interindividual variability of circuit output. We tested this hypothesis in the pyloric circuit of the crab, Cancer borealis. Multiple excitatory neuropeptides converge to activate the same voltage-gated current in this circuit, but different subsets of pyloric neurons have receptors for each peptide. We quantified the interindividual variability of the unmodulated pyloric circuit output by measuring the activity phases, cycle frequency and intraburst spike number and frequency. We then examined the variability in the presence of different combinations and concentrations of three neuropeptides. We found that at mid-level concentration (30 nM) but not at near-threshold (1 nM) or saturating (1 μM) concentrations, comodulation by multiple neuropeptides reduced the circuit output variability. Notably, the interindividual variability of response properties of an isolated neuron was not reduced by comodulation, suggesting that the reduction of output variability may emerge as a network effect.
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