1
|
Yegorov S, Kadyrova I, Korshukov I, Sultanbekova A, Kolesnikova Y, Barkhanskaya V, Bashirova T, Zhunusov Y, Li Y, Parakhina V, Kolesnichenko S, Baiken Y, Matkarimov B, Vazenmiller D, Miller MS, Hortelano GH, Turmukhambetova A, Chesca AE, Babenko D. Application of MALDI-TOF MS and machine learning for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infections. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0406823. [PMID: 38497716 PMCID: PMC11064577 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04068-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) could aid the diagnosis of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) owing to its affordability and high-throughput capacity. MALDI-TOF MS has been proposed for use on commonly available respiratory samples, without specialized sample preparation, making this technology especially attractive for implementation in low-resource regions. Here, we assessed the utility of MALDI-TOF MS in differentiating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vs non-COVID acute respiratory infections (NCARIs) in a clinical lab setting in Kazakhstan. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from inpatients and outpatients with respiratory symptoms and from asymptomatic controls (ACs) in 2020-2022. PCR was used to differentiate SARS-CoV-2+ and NCARI cases. MALDI-TOF MS spectra were obtained for a total of 252 samples (115 SARS-CoV-2+, 98 NCARIs, and 39 ACs) without specialized sample preparation. In our first sub-analysis, we followed a published protocol for peak preprocessing and machine learning (ML), trained on publicly available spectra from South American SARS-CoV-2+ and NCARI samples. In our second sub-analysis, we trained ML models on a peak intensity matrix representative of both South American (SA) and Kazakhstan (Kaz) samples. Applying the established MALDI-TOF MS pipeline "as is" resulted in a high detection rate for SARS-CoV-2+ samples (91.0%), but low accuracy for NCARIs (48.0%) and ACs (67.0%) by the top-performing random forest model. After re-training of the ML algorithms on the SA-Kaz peak intensity matrix, the accuracy of detection by the top-performing support vector machine with radial basis function kernel model was at 88.0%, 95.0%, and 78% for the Kazakhstan SARS-CoV-2+, NCARI, and AC subjects, respectively, with a SARS-CoV-2 vs rest receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.983 [0.958, 0.987]; a high differentiation accuracy was maintained for the South American SARS-CoV-2 and NCARIs. MALDI-TOF MS/ML is a feasible approach for the differentiation of ARI without specialized sample preparation. The implementation of MALDI-TOF MS/ML in a real clinical lab setting will necessitate continuous optimization to keep up with the rapidly evolving landscape of ARI.IMPORTANCEIn this proof-of-concept study, the authors used matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and machine learning (ML) to identify and distinguish acute respiratory infections (ARI) caused by SARS-CoV-2 versus other pathogens in low-resource clinical settings, without the need for specialized sample preparation. The ML models were trained on a varied collection of MALDI-TOF MS spectra from studies conducted in Kazakhstan and South America. Initially, the MALDI-TOF MS/ML pipeline, trained exclusively on South American samples, exhibited diminished effectiveness in recognizing non-SARS-CoV-2 infections from Kazakhstan. Incorporation of spectral signatures from Kazakhstan substantially increased the accuracy of detection. These results underscore the potential of employing MALDI-TOF MS/ML in resource-constrained settings to augment current approaches for detecting and differentiating ARI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Yegorov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Irina Kadyrova
- Research Centre, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Ilya Korshukov
- Research Centre, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | | | - Tatiana Bashirova
- City Centre for Primary Medical and Sanitary Care, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Yerzhan Zhunusov
- Infectious Disease Centre of the Karaganda Regional Clinical Hospital, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Yevgeniya Li
- Infectious Disease Centre of the Karaganda Regional Clinical Hospital, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Viktoriya Parakhina
- Infectious Disease Centre of the Karaganda Regional Clinical Hospital, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
- Department of Internal Diseases, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Yeldar Baiken
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- National Laboratory Astana, Centre for Life Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Bakhyt Matkarimov
- National Laboratory Astana, Centre for Life Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Matthew S. Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Dmitriy Babenko
- Research Centre, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ajmera H, Lakhawat SS, Malik N, Kumar A, Bhatti JS, Kumar V, Gogoi H, Jaswal SK, Chandel S, Sharma PK. Global Emergence of SARS-CoV2 Infection and Scientific Interventions to Contain its Spread. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:307-325. [PMID: 38265408 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037274719231212044235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The global pandemic caused by COVID-19 posed a significant challenge to public health, necessitating rapid scientific interventions to tackle the spread of infection. The review discusses the key areas of research on COVID-19 including viral genomics, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutics. The genome sequencing of the virus facilitated the tracking of its evolution, transmission dynamics, and identification of variants. Epidemiological studies have provided insights into disease spread, risk factors, and the impact of public health infrastructure and social distancing measures. Investigations of the viral pathogenesis have elucidated the mechanisms underlying immune responses and severe manifestations including the long-term effects of COVID-19. Overall, the article provides an updated overview of the diagnostic methods developed for SARS-CoV-2 and discusses their strengths, limitations, and appropriate utilization in different clinical and public health settings. Furthermore, therapeutic approaches including antiviral drugs, immunomodulatory therapies, and repurposed medications have been investigated to alleviate disease severity and improve patient outcomes. Through a comprehensive analysis of these scientific efforts, the review provides an overview of the advancements made in understanding and tackling SARS-CoV-2, while underscoring the need for continued research to address the evolving challenges posed by this global health crisis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Ajmera
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, India
| | | | - Naveen Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, India
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Vikram Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, India
| | - Himanshu Gogoi
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster 3rd milestone Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Jaswal
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University Summer Hill, Shimla, India
| | - Sanjeev Chandel
- Department of Nursing, GHG College of Nursing Rajkot Road, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Pushpender Kumar Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, India
- Amity Centre for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Batmunkh B, Otgonbayar D, Shaarii S, Khaidav N, Shagdarsuren OE, Boldbaatar G, Danzan NE, Dashtseren M, Unurjargal T, Dashtseren I, Dagvasumberel M, Jagdagsuren D, Bayandorj O, Biziya B, Surenjid S, Togoo K, Bat-Erdene A, Narmandakh Z, Choijilsuren G, Batmunkh U, Soodoi C, Boldbaatar EA, Byambatsogt G, Byambaa O, Deleg Z, Enebish G, Chuluunbaatar B, Zulmunkh G, Tsolmon B, Gunchin B, Chimeddorj B, Dambadarjaa D, Sandag T. RBD-specific antibody response after two doses of different SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during the mass vaccination campaign in Mongolia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295167. [PMID: 38064430 PMCID: PMC10707641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign began in February 2021 and achieved a high rate of 62.7% of the total population fully vaccinated by August 16, 2021, in Mongolia. We aimed to assess the initial protective antibody production after two doses of a variety of types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the Mongolian pre-vaccine antibody-naïve adult population. This prospective study was conducted from March-April to July-August of 2021. All participants received one of the four government-proposed COVID-19 vaccines including Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT162b2), AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1-S), Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV), and Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac). Before receiving the first shot, anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD human IgG titers were measured in all participants (n = 1833), and titers were measured 21-28 days after the second shot in a subset of participants (n = 831). We found an overall average protective antibody response of 84.8% (705 of 831 vaccinated) in 21-28 days after two doses of the four types of COVID-19 vaccines. Seropositivity and titer of protective antibodies produced after two shots of vaccine were associated with the vaccine types, age, and residence of vaccinees. Seropositivity rate varied significantly between vaccine types, 80.0% (28 of 35) for AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S; 97.0% (193 of 199) for Pfizer BNT162b2; 80.7% (474 of 587) for Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV, and 100.0% (10 of 10) for Sputnik V Gam-COVID-Vac, respectively. Immunocompromised vaccinees with increased risk for developing severe COVID-19 disease had received the Pfizer vaccine and demonstrated a high rate of seropositivity. A high geometric mean titer (GMT) was found in vaccinees who received BNT162b2, while vaccinees who received ChAdOx1-S, Sputnik V, and BBIBP-CorV showed a lower GMT. In summary, we observed first stages of the immunization campaign against COVID-19 in Mongolia have been completed successfully, with a high immunogenicity level achieved among the population with an increased risk for developing severe illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burenjargal Batmunkh
- School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | - Dashpagma Otgonbayar
- National Center for Communicable Diseases of Mongolia, Ulaanbata, Mongolia
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | - Shatar Shaarii
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | - Nansalmaa Khaidav
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | - Oyu-Erdene Shagdarsuren
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | - Gantuya Boldbaatar
- School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | - Nandin-Erdene Danzan
- School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | | | - Tsolmon Unurjargal
- School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | - Ichinnorov Dashtseren
- School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | | | | | | | - Baasanjargal Biziya
- School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | - Seesregdorj Surenjid
- International School of Mongolian Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | - Khongorzul Togoo
- School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | - Ariunzaya Bat-Erdene
- School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | - Zolmunkh Narmandakh
- School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | - Gansukh Choijilsuren
- School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | - Ulziisaikhan Batmunkh
- School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | - Chimidtseren Soodoi
- School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | - Enkh-Amar Boldbaatar
- School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | - Ganbaatar Byambatsogt
- School of Nursing, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | - Otgonjargal Byambaa
- School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | - Zolzaya Deleg
- School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | - Gerelmaa Enebish
- School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | - Bazardari Chuluunbaatar
- Mongolia-Japan Hospital, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | - Gereltsetseg Zulmunkh
- Mongolia-Japan Hospital, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | | | - Batbaatar Gunchin
- School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | - Battogtokh Chimeddorj
- School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | - Davaalkham Dambadarjaa
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| | - Tsogtsaikhan Sandag
- School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sainshand, Mongolia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stoma I, Korsak K, Voropaev E, Osipkina O, Kovalev A. Comparative immunogenicity and safety of Gam-COVID-Vac and Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV vaccines: results of a pilot clinical study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21877. [PMID: 38027828 PMCID: PMC10658338 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There are few comparative studies on efficiency of broad range COVID19 vaccination strategy. This pilot aims to describe the effect of mixed COVID19 vaccination on vaccination adoption and subsequent total immunity, Conducted in Republic of Belarus, this pilot clinical study shows varying immunogenic responses to Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac), Russian Federation (RF) and Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV), People's Republic of China (PRC) vaccines. Objective To compare the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) and Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) vaccines in vaccinated individuals.Materials and MethodsA total of 60 adults participated in the present study. The immune response after vaccination was assessed using enzyme immunoassay. IgG levels were measured in all participants at three time points: before vaccination, on the 42nd day after the first vaccine dose, and in 6 months after the first vaccine dose. Age, sex of participants, vaccine type, history of COVID-19/IgG seropositivity were included in the multivariate analysis. The results of the SARS-CoV-2 infection antibody test were quantified according to the WHO First International Standard (NIBSC code:20/136) and measured in international units (BAU/ml). Results The study participants (n = 60) were divided into two groups where 50 % (n = 30) were vaccinated with Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac), and 50 % (n = 30) were vaccinated with Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV). Women represented 63 % and 77 % of Sputnik V and Sinopharm groups, respectively. The IgG levels on day 42 after the first vaccine dose were: Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac): Me = 650.4 (642.2-669.4); Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV: Me = 376.5 (290.9-526.4) (UMann-Whitney = 164, p = 0.000024). The IgG levels in 6 months after the first vaccine dose were: Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac)Me = 608.7 (574.6-647.1); Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) Me = 106.3 (78.21-332.4); (UMann-Whitney = 172.5, p-value = 0.000042)). In a multivariate model Sputnik V vaccine type and IgG seropositivity at the baseline were significantly associated with higher levels of IgG both at 42 days and 6 months post-vaccination. Reactions after vaccination appeared in 27 vaccinated people (45 %). Conclusion This pilot study demonstrated that Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) vaccine was more immunogenic than Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) vaccine. IgG levels in vaccinated individuals who previously recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection (hybrid immunity) were higher than in SARS-CoV-2 infection immune-naive people. Reactions after vaccines administration were mild to moderate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Stoma
- Gomel state medical university, Gomel, Belarus
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Turmukhambetova A, Yegorov S, Korshukov I, Barkhanskaya V, Kolesnichenko S, Klyuyev D, Zhumadilova Z, Pralieva A, Absaghit L, Belyaev R, Babenko D, Hortelano GH, Miller MS, Vazenmiller D, Kadyrova I. The impact of Gam-COVID-Vac, an Adv5/Adv26 COVID-19 vaccine, on the biomarkers of endothelial function, coagulation and platelet activation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293074. [PMID: 37851684 PMCID: PMC10584095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines have played a critical role in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Although overall considered safe, COVID-19 vaccination has been associated with rare but severe thrombotic events, occurring mainly in the context of adenoviral vectored vaccines. A better understanding of mechanisms underlying vaccine-induced hypercoagulability and prothrombotic state is needed to improve vaccine safety profile. We assessed changes to the biomarkers of endothelial function (endothelin, ET-1), coagulation (thrombomodulin, THBD and plasminogen activator inhibitor, PAI) and platelet activation (platelet activating factor, PAF, and platelet factor 4 IgG antibody, PF4 IgG) within a three-week period after the first (prime) and second (boost) doses of Gam-Covid-Vac, an AdV5/AdV26-vectored COVID-19 vaccine. Blood plasma collected from vaccinees (n = 58) was assayed using ELISA assays. Participants were stratified by prior COVID-19 exposure based on their baseline SARS-CoV-2-specific serology results. We observed a significant post-prime increase in circulating ET-1, with levels sustained after the boost dose compared to baseline. ET-1 elevation following dose 2 was most pronounced in vaccinees without prior COVID-19 exposure. Prior COVID-19 was also associated with a mild increase in post-dose 1 PAI. Vaccination was associated with elevated ET-1 up to day 21 after the second vaccine dose, while no marked alterations to other biomarkers, including PF4 IgG, were seen. A role of persistent endothelial activation following COVID-19 vaccination warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergey Yegorov
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Ilya Korshukov
- Research Centre, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Dmitriy Klyuyev
- Research Centre, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Aruzhan Pralieva
- Research Centre, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Laylim Absaghit
- Research Centre, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Ruslan Belyaev
- Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Rehabilitology, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Dmitriy Babenko
- Research Centre, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Matthew S. Miller
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Irina Kadyrova
- Research Centre, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hosseini R, Askari N. A review of neurological side effects of COVID-19 vaccination. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:102. [PMID: 36841774 PMCID: PMC9959958 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-00992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the COVID-19 virus epidemic, extensive, coordinated international research has led to the rapid development of effective vaccines. Although vaccines are now considered the best way to achieve collective safety and control mortality, due to the critical situation, these vaccines have been issued the emergency use licenses and some of their potential subsequence side effects have been overlooked. At the same time, there are many reports of side effects after getting a COVID-19 vaccine. According to these reports, vaccination can have an adverse event, especially on nervous system. The most important and common complications are cerebrovascular disorders including cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, transient ischemic attack, intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, and demyelinating disorders including transverse myelitis, first manifestation of MS, and neuromyelitis optica. These effects are often acute and transient, but they can be severe and even fatal in a few cases. Herein, we have provided a comprehensive review of documents reporting neurological side effects of COVID-19 vaccines in international databases from 2020 to 2022 and discussed neurological disorders possibly caused by vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Hosseini
- grid.412503.10000 0000 9826 9569Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, P.O.Box 76135-133, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Nayere Askari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, P.O.Box 76135-133, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran. .,Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aksyuk AA, Bansal H, Wilkins D, Stanley AM, Sproule S, Maaske J, Sanikommui S, Hartman WR, Sobieszczyk ME, Falsey AR, Kelly EJ. AZD1222-induced nasal antibody responses are shaped by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and correlate with virologic outcomes in breakthrough infection. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100882. [PMID: 36610390 PMCID: PMC9750884 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The nasal mucosa is an important initial site of host defense against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, intramuscularly administered vaccines typically do not achieve high antibody titers in the nasal mucosa. We measure anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA in nasal epithelial lining fluid (NELF) following intramuscular vaccination of 3,058 participants from the immunogenicity substudy of a phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of AZD1222 vaccination (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04516746). IgG is detected in NELF collected 14 days following the first AZD1222 vaccination. IgG levels increase with a second vaccination and exceed pre-existing levels in baseline-SARS-CoV-2-seropositive participants. Nasal IgG responses are durable and display strong correlations with serum IgG, suggesting serum-to-NELF transudation. AZD1222 induces short-lived increases to pre-existing nasal IgA levels in baseline-seropositive vaccinees. Vaccinees display a robust recall IgG response upon breakthrough infection, with overall magnitudes unaffected by time between vaccination and illness. Mucosal responses correlate with reduced viral loads and shorter durations of viral shedding in saliva.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A Aksyuk
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Himanshu Bansal
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Deidre Wilkins
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Ann Marie Stanley
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Stephanie Sproule
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Jill Maaske
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Satya Sanikommui
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - William R Hartman
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Magdalena E Sobieszczyk
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ann R Falsey
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Rochester Regional Health, Rochester, NY 14621, USA.
| | - Elizabeth J Kelly
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Maaske J, Sproule S, Falsey AR, Sobieszczyk ME, Luetkemeyer AF, Paulsen GC, Riddler SA, Robb ML, Rolle CP, Sha BE, Tong T, Ahani B, Aksyuk AA, Bansal H, Egan T, Jepson B, Padilla M, Patel N, Shoemaker K, Stanley AM, Swanson PA, Wilkins D, Villafana T, Green JA, Kelly EJ. Robust humoral and cellular recall responses to AZD1222 attenuate breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to unvaccinated. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1062067. [PMID: 36713413 PMCID: PMC9881590 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1062067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breakthrough severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinees typically produces milder disease than infection in unvaccinated individuals. Methods To explore disease attenuation, we examined COVID-19 symptom burden and immuno-virologic responses to symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in participants (AZD1222: n=177/17,617; placebo: n=203/8,528) from a 2:1 randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study of two-dose primary series AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccination (NCT04516746). Results We observed that AZD1222 vaccinees had an overall lower incidence and shorter duration of COVID-19 symptoms compared with placebo recipients, as well as lower SARS-CoV-2 viral loads and a shorter median duration of viral shedding in saliva. Vaccinees demonstrated a robust antibody recall response versus placebo recipients with low-to-moderate inverse correlations with virologic endpoints. Vaccinees also demonstrated an enriched polyfunctional spike-specific Th-1-biased CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell response that was associated with strong inverse correlations with virologic endpoints. Conclusion Robust immune responses following AZD1222 vaccination attenuate COVID-19 disease severity and restrict SARS-CoV-2 transmission potential by reducing viral loads and the duration of viral shedding in saliva. Collectively, these analyses underscore the essential role of vaccination in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jill Maaske
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Stephanie Sproule
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Ann R. Falsey
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
- Rochester Regional Health, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Magdalena E. Sobieszczyk
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anne F. Luetkemeyer
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Grant C. Paulsen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sharon A. Riddler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Merlin L. Robb
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | - Beverly E. Sha
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tina Tong
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bahar Ahani
- Bioinformatics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Anastasia A. Aksyuk
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Himanshu Bansal
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Timothy Egan
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Brett Jepson
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Marcelino Padilla
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Nirmeshkumar Patel
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Kathryn Shoemaker
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Ann Marie Stanley
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Phillip A. Swanson
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Deidre Wilkins
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Tonya Villafana
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Justin A. Green
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J. Kelly
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ashimova A, Myngbay A, Yegorov S, Negmetzhanov B, Kadyrova I, Yershova A, Kart U, Miller MS, Hortelano G. Sustained Delivery of a Monoclonal Antibody against SARS-CoV-2 by Microencapsulated Cells: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2042. [PMID: 36297477 PMCID: PMC9607555 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy is a promising antiviral intervention for Coronovirus disease (COVID-19) with a potential for both treatment and prophylaxis. However, a major barrier to implementing mAb therapies in clinical practice is the intricate nature of mAb preparation and delivery. Therefore, here, in a pre-clinical model, we explored the possibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mAb delivery using a mAb-expressing encapsulated cell system. METHODS Murine G-8 myoblasts were transfected with plasmids coding for the heavy and light chains of CR3022, a well-characterized SARS-CoV-2 mAb that targets the Spike receptor binding domain (RBD), and then encapsulated into alginate microcapsules. The microcapsules were then intraperitoneally implanted into immunocompetent (C57/BL6J) mice and changes in circulating CR3022 titres were assessed. The in vitro and ex vivo characterization of the mAb was performed using western blotting, RBD ELISA, and microscopy. RESULTS Transfected G-8 myoblasts expressed intact CR3022 IgG at levels comparable to transfected HEK-293 cells. Cell encapsulation yielded microcapsules harbouring approximately 1000 cells/capsule and sustainably secreting CR3022 mAb. Subsequent peritoneal G-8 microcapsule implantation into mice resulted in a gradual increase of CR3022 concentration in blood, which by day 7 peaked at 1923 [1656-2190] ng/mL and then gradually decreased ~4-fold by day 40 post-implantation. Concurrently, we detected an increase in mouse anti-CR3022 IgG titers, while microcapsules recovered by day 40 post-implantation showed a reduced per-microcapsule mAb production. SUMMARY We demonstrate here that cell microencapsulation is a viable approach to systemic delivery of intact SARS-CoV-2 mAb, with potential therapeutic applications that warrant further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assem Ashimova
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
- Centre for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Askhat Myngbay
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Sergey Yegorov
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Baurzhan Negmetzhanov
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
- Centre for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Irina Kadyrova
- Research Centre, Karaganda Medical University, 40 Gogol St, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan
| | - Angelina Yershova
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Shiller-University Jena, Fürstengraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulpan Kart
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Matthew S. Miller
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Gonzalo Hortelano
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| |
Collapse
|