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Chang L, Li M, Zhu Y, Fu Y, Li T, Zhao J, Lv Y, Zhang C, Zhu M, Li Z, Zhao W. Omics-based investigation of pathological liver injury induced by Echinococcus multilocularis infection in mice. Acta Trop 2024; 250:107083. [PMID: 38070722 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) can cause severe liver injury and be fatal if left untreated. Currently, there are no effective therapeutic options for AE-induced liver injury. Therefore, by exploring the changes of gene proteins in mice with damaged liver, we attempted to identify the key molecules of liver damage, and provide data that will enable the development of drugs targeting hepatic AE. METHODS BALB/c mice were inoculated with protoscoleces via the hepatic portal vein. Three months later, B-ultrasound examination and Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining were used to confirm liver damage in mice. RNA sequencing and Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were used to screen differentially expressed molecules associated with liver damage through bioinformatics, and Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to verify their expression. RESULTS B-ultrasound examination showed liver lesions in the infected group, and H&E staining showed liver inflammation, fibrosis and liver necrosis. RNA sequencing and LC-MS results showed changes in the levels of more than 1000 genes and proteins, with upregulation of immune and inflammation pathways. By contrast, the downregulated genes and proteins were mostly involved in various metabolic reactions. Correlation analysis was conducted between the transcriptome data and proteome data. The results revealed 240 differentially expressed genes, of which 192 were upregulated, and 48 were downregulated. Many of these genes were involved in metabolic reactions, such as Catalase (Cat), fatty acid synthase (Fasn), and IL-16 genes, which may have relevance to liver injury. The results of qRT-PCR were consistent with those of bioinformatics analysis. CONCLUSIONS The mechanisms of liver injury in mice infected with Echinococcus multilocularis are complex, involving abnormal metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and many other factors. This study provides the data for preliminary exploration for the development of targeted therapies against AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Chang
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Yazhou Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Yong Fu
- Qinghai University, Xining Qinghai China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Jiaqing Zhao
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Yongxue Lv
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Cuiying Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Mingxing Zhu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Zihua Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia China.
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Mezler M, Jones RS, Sangaraju D, Goldman DC, Hoffmann M, Heikkinen AT, Mannila J, Chang JH, Foquet L, Pusalkar S, Chothe PP, Scheer N. Analysis of the Bile Acid Composition in a Fibroblast Growth Factor 19-Expressing Liver-Humanized Mouse Model and Its Use for CYP3A4-Mediated Drug-Drug Interaction Studies. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1391-1402. [PMID: 37524541 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous biomedical applications have been described for liver-humanized mouse models, such as in drug metabolism or drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies. However, the strong enlargement of the bile acid (BA) pool due to lack of recognition of murine intestine-derived fibroblast growth factor-15 by human hepatocytes and a resulting upregulation in the rate-controlling enzyme for BA synthesis, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 7A1, may pose a challenge in interpreting the results obtained from such mice. To address this challenge, the human fibroblast growth factor-19 (FGF19) gene was inserted into the Fah-/- , Rag2-/- , Il2rg-/- NOD (FRGN) mouse model, allowing repopulation with human hepatocytes capable of responding to FGF19. While a decrease in CYP7A1 expression in human hepatocytes from humanized FRGN19 mice (huFRGN19) and a concomitant reduction in BA production was previously shown, a detailed analysis of the BA pool in these animals has not been elucidated. Furthermore, there are sparse data on the use of this model to assess potential clinical DDI. In the present work, the change in BA composition in huFRGN19 compared with huFRGN control animals was systematically evaluated, and the ability of the model to recapitulate a clinically described CYP3A4-mediated DDI was assessed. In addition to a massive reduction in the total amount of BA, FGF19 expression in huFRGN19 mice resulted in significant changes in the profile of various primary, secondary, and sulfated BAs in serum and feces. Moreover, as observed clinically, administration of the pregnane X receptor agonist rifampicin reduced the oral exposure of the CYP3A4 substrate triazolam. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Transgenic expression of FGF19 normalizes the unphysiologically high level of bile acids in a chimeric liver-humanized mouse model and leads to massive changes in bile acid composition. These adaptations could overcome one of the potential impediments in the use of these mouse models for drug-drug interaction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mezler
- Quantitative, Translational & ADME Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.S.J., D.S., J.C.C.); Yecuris Corporation, Tualatin, Oregon (D.C.G., L.F.); Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics, Disposition & Bioanalysis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey (M.H.); Symeres Finland Oy, Oulu, Finland, operating under Admescope brand (A.T.H., J.M.); Global Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts (S.P., P.P.C.); and FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany (N.S.)
| | - Robert S Jones
- Quantitative, Translational & ADME Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.S.J., D.S., J.C.C.); Yecuris Corporation, Tualatin, Oregon (D.C.G., L.F.); Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics, Disposition & Bioanalysis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey (M.H.); Symeres Finland Oy, Oulu, Finland, operating under Admescope brand (A.T.H., J.M.); Global Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts (S.P., P.P.C.); and FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany (N.S.)
| | - Dewakar Sangaraju
- Quantitative, Translational & ADME Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.S.J., D.S., J.C.C.); Yecuris Corporation, Tualatin, Oregon (D.C.G., L.F.); Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics, Disposition & Bioanalysis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey (M.H.); Symeres Finland Oy, Oulu, Finland, operating under Admescope brand (A.T.H., J.M.); Global Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts (S.P., P.P.C.); and FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany (N.S.)
| | - Devorah C Goldman
- Quantitative, Translational & ADME Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.S.J., D.S., J.C.C.); Yecuris Corporation, Tualatin, Oregon (D.C.G., L.F.); Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics, Disposition & Bioanalysis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey (M.H.); Symeres Finland Oy, Oulu, Finland, operating under Admescope brand (A.T.H., J.M.); Global Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts (S.P., P.P.C.); and FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany (N.S.)
| | - Matthew Hoffmann
- Quantitative, Translational & ADME Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.S.J., D.S., J.C.C.); Yecuris Corporation, Tualatin, Oregon (D.C.G., L.F.); Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics, Disposition & Bioanalysis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey (M.H.); Symeres Finland Oy, Oulu, Finland, operating under Admescope brand (A.T.H., J.M.); Global Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts (S.P., P.P.C.); and FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany (N.S.)
| | - Aki T Heikkinen
- Quantitative, Translational & ADME Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.S.J., D.S., J.C.C.); Yecuris Corporation, Tualatin, Oregon (D.C.G., L.F.); Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics, Disposition & Bioanalysis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey (M.H.); Symeres Finland Oy, Oulu, Finland, operating under Admescope brand (A.T.H., J.M.); Global Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts (S.P., P.P.C.); and FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany (N.S.)
| | - Janne Mannila
- Quantitative, Translational & ADME Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.S.J., D.S., J.C.C.); Yecuris Corporation, Tualatin, Oregon (D.C.G., L.F.); Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics, Disposition & Bioanalysis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey (M.H.); Symeres Finland Oy, Oulu, Finland, operating under Admescope brand (A.T.H., J.M.); Global Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts (S.P., P.P.C.); and FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany (N.S.)
| | - Jae H Chang
- Quantitative, Translational & ADME Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.S.J., D.S., J.C.C.); Yecuris Corporation, Tualatin, Oregon (D.C.G., L.F.); Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics, Disposition & Bioanalysis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey (M.H.); Symeres Finland Oy, Oulu, Finland, operating under Admescope brand (A.T.H., J.M.); Global Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts (S.P., P.P.C.); and FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany (N.S.)
| | - Lander Foquet
- Quantitative, Translational & ADME Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.S.J., D.S., J.C.C.); Yecuris Corporation, Tualatin, Oregon (D.C.G., L.F.); Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics, Disposition & Bioanalysis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey (M.H.); Symeres Finland Oy, Oulu, Finland, operating under Admescope brand (A.T.H., J.M.); Global Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts (S.P., P.P.C.); and FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany (N.S.)
| | - Sandeepraj Pusalkar
- Quantitative, Translational & ADME Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.S.J., D.S., J.C.C.); Yecuris Corporation, Tualatin, Oregon (D.C.G., L.F.); Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics, Disposition & Bioanalysis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey (M.H.); Symeres Finland Oy, Oulu, Finland, operating under Admescope brand (A.T.H., J.M.); Global Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts (S.P., P.P.C.); and FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany (N.S.)
| | - Paresh P Chothe
- Quantitative, Translational & ADME Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.S.J., D.S., J.C.C.); Yecuris Corporation, Tualatin, Oregon (D.C.G., L.F.); Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics, Disposition & Bioanalysis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey (M.H.); Symeres Finland Oy, Oulu, Finland, operating under Admescope brand (A.T.H., J.M.); Global Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts (S.P., P.P.C.); and FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany (N.S.)
| | - Nico Scheer
- Quantitative, Translational & ADME Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (R.S.J., D.S., J.C.C.); Yecuris Corporation, Tualatin, Oregon (D.C.G., L.F.); Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics, Disposition & Bioanalysis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey (M.H.); Symeres Finland Oy, Oulu, Finland, operating under Admescope brand (A.T.H., J.M.); Global Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts (S.P., P.P.C.); and FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany (N.S.)
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