1
|
Rahman KM, Amiri O, Ahmed SS, Ismael SJ, Rasul NS, Babakrb KA, Dadkhah M, Jamal MA. Mechanism and kinetic of piezo-catalytic desulfurization of model and actual fuel samples over Ce xO y/SrO nanocomposite at room temperature. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24707. [PMID: 38304796 PMCID: PMC10830554 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
SOx emissions are primarily caused by compounds containing sulfur in petroleum and fuels, which lead to severe air pollution. For this reason, it is necessary to develop a fast and simple desulfurization method in order to comply with ever-increasing environmental regulations. The newly discovered piezo-catalyst nanocomposite CexOy/SrO can convert mechanical energy directly into chemical energy, thereby enabling mechanically oxidative sulfur desulfurization. 320 W of bath sonication were used to polarize and activate the prepared piezo-catalyst nanocomposite CexOy/SrO for sulfur removal from thiophene and dibenzothiophene as model fuels and kerosene as a real fuel. Using uniform and spherical CeO2/SrO nanocomposites resulted in the highest desulfurization rates of 95.4 %, 97.3 %, and 59.7 %, respectively, for thiophene and dibenzothiophene. This study examined the effect of several parameters, such as sulfur concentration, pH of fuel, dosage of CexOy/SrO nanocomposite, power and time of ultrasonic, and shaking time, on the piezo-desulfurization of thiophene (TP) and dibenzothiophene (DBTP). To identify the major active species in piezo desulfurization, radical trapping experiments were conducted. This study investigated the possibility of reusing the catalyst, and the piezo-desulfurization activity that was demonstrated in the removal of TP and DBTP after 11 cycles as well as the ability of the catalyst to remove real fuel even after 14 cycles was promising. As the kinetic results show, the reaction follows the second order with K = 0.0050. Also, thermodynamic results showed the oxidation of sulfide to sulfoxide and sulfoxide is endothermic. Activation energy for second order rate constant is (3.824 Kj/mole). 0.0236 mol-1. Sec-1 was calculated for Arrhenius Constant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karwan M. Rahman
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Kirkuk Road, 44001, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Omid Amiri
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Sangar S. Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Kirkuk Road, 44001, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Savana J. Ismael
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Kirkuk Road, 44001, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Noor S. Rasul
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Kirkuk Road, 44001, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Karukh A. Babakrb
- Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mahnaz Dadkhah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Mohammed A. Jamal
- Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kazemi Z, Jafari AJ, Kermani M, Kalantary RR. Evaluating the photocatalytic performance of MOF coated on glass for degradation of gaseous styrene under visible light. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1083. [PMID: 38212370 PMCID: PMC10784502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51098-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Styrene is a volatile organic compound with various applications, especially in the plastics and paint industries. Exposure to it leads to symptoms such as weakness, suppression of the central nervous system, and nausea, and prolonged exposure to it increases the risk of cancer. Its removal from the air is a topic that researchers have considered. Various methods such as absorption, membrane separation, thermal and catalytic oxidation, biofiltration have been used to remove these compounds. The disadvantages of these compounds include the need for high energy, production of secondary pollutants, large space, providing environmental conditions (temperature and humidity) and long time. The photocatalyst process is considered as an advanced process due to the production of low and safe secondary pollutants. MOFs are nanoparticles with unique photocatalytic properties that convert organic pollutants into water and carbon dioxide under light irradiation and in environmental conditions, which prevent the production of secondary pollutants. The present study aimed to investigate the efficiency of MIL100 (Fe) nanoparticles coated on glass in removing styrene vapor from the air. Surface morphology, crystal structure, pore size, functional groups, and chemical composition of the catalyst were analyzed by SEM, XRD, BET, FTIR, and EDX analysis. The effect of parameters such as initial pollutant concentration, temperature, time, relative humidity, and nanoparticle concentration was evaluated as effective parameters in the removal process. Based on the results, MIL100 (Fe) 0.6 g/l with an 89% removal rate had the best performance for styrene removal. Due to its optimal removal efficiency, it can be used to degrade other air pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Kazemi
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Kermani
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hamdaoui O, Alghyamah A. Application of the general rate law model to the sonolytic degradation of nonvolatile organic pollutants in aqueous media. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 100:106606. [PMID: 37748263 PMCID: PMC10522862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The pseudo-first and pseudo-second order equations have been the most commonly used models to characterize the sonolytic disappearance kinetics of nonvolatile pollutants in aqueous media. In this work, the general rate law model, i.e., pseudo-nth order kinetics equation, was applied for the first time to the sono-decomposition of different nonvolatile organic pollutants, naphthol blue black (NBB), furosemide (FSM), 4-isopropylphenol (4-IPP), and rhodamine B (RhB), in water. It was shown that the general rate law for a chemical reaction would apply to the kinetics of sonochemical decomposition. It is not feasible to set the order of ultrasonic pollutant degradation kinetics to pseudo-first or pseudo-second, as is typically used in numerous studies. The sonochemical oxidation reaction has a fractional order, the order is often non-integer, which frequently indicates a complex sonolytic decomposition reaction mechanism. The degradation mechanism of NBB and RhB does not change with the initial substrate concentration. They are ultrasonically degraded by hydroxyl radicals both in the bulk liquid solution and at the liquid/bubble interfacial layer. The destruction mechanism of FSM and 4-IPP changes as the initial contaminant concentration changes. At low initial substrate concentrations, these pollutants are oxidized mainly by reaction with hydroxyl radicals in the bulk liquid solution and at the interfacial shell of the cavitation bubbles. At high initial substrate concentrations, FSM and 4-IPP are degraded by thermal destruction in the liquid/bubble interfacial layer and by •OH radicals both in the bulk liquid solution and at the liquid/bubble interfacial layer. Additionally, the pseudo-nth order model predicts very well the sonolytic degradation at various sonication frequencies and intensities. The general rate law expression should be used to assess the real kinetics order of the sonolytic destruction process without any predetermined assumptions or constraints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oualid Hamdaoui
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, 11421 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulaziz Alghyamah
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, 11421 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahmed SS, Amiri O, Rahman KM, Ismael SJ, Rasul NS, Mohammad D, Babakr KA, Abdulrahman NA. Studying the mechanism and kinetics of fuel desulfurization using CexOy/NiOx piezo-catalysts as a new low-temperature method. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7574. [PMID: 37165009 PMCID: PMC10172175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34329-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to advance desulfurization technology, a new method for excellent oxidative desulfurization of fuel at room temperature will be of paramount importance. As a novel desulfurization method, we developed piezo-catalysts that do not require adding any oxidants and can be performed at room temperature. A microwave method was used to prepare CeO2/Ce2O3/NiOx nanocomposites. Model and real fuel desulfurization rates were examined as a function of synthesis parameters, such as microwave power and time, and operation conditions, such as pH and ultrasonic power. The results showed that CeO2/Ce2O3/NiOx nanocomposites demonstrated outstanding piezo-desulfurization at room temperature for both model and real fuels. Furthermore, CeO2/Ce2O3/NiOx nanocomposites exhibited remarkable reusability, maintaining 79% of their piezo-catalytic activity even after 17 repetitions for desulfurization of real fuel. An investigation of the mechanism of sulfur oxidation revealed that superoxide radicals and holes played a major role. Additionally, the kinetic study revealed that sulfur removal by piezo-catalyst follows a second-order reaction kinetic model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangar S Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Kirkuk Road, 44001, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Omid Amiri
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
- Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, 67149, Iran.
| | - Karwan M Rahman
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Kirkuk Road, 44001, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Savana J Ismael
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Kirkuk Road, 44001, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Noor S Rasul
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Kirkuk Road, 44001, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Darya Mohammad
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Kirkuk Road, 44001, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Karukh A Babakr
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Nabaz A Abdulrahman
- Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Boost piezocatalytic activity of BaSO 4 by coupling it with BaTiO 3, Cu:BaTiO 3, Fe:BaTiO 3, S:BaTiO 3 and modify them by sucrose for water purification. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20792. [PMID: 36456598 PMCID: PMC9715647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24992-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to improve the efficiency of decontamination using BaSO4 as a piezocatalyst. Three techniques are employed in this study to enhance the piezocatalytic activity of BaSO4. The first method involves coupling BaSO4 with BaTiO3. The acid red 151 and acid blue 113 decontamination rates improved from 56.7% and 60.9% to 61.3% and 64.4%, respectively, as a result of this strategy. Additionally, the composite of BaSO4 and BaTiO3 was doped with copper, iron, sulfur, and nitrogen. By doping BaTiO3, acid red 151 and acid blue 113 achieved 86.7% and 89.2% efficiency, respectively. Finally, the nanostructures were modified with sucrose. These strategies improved degradation efficiency for acid red 151 and acid blue 113 to 92.9% and 93.3%, respectively. The reusability results showed that the piezo-catalytic activity of the m-S-BaSO4-BaTiO3 catalyst did not show a significant loss after five recycles for the degradation of AB113.
Collapse
|