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Wang Z, Tian X, Xie P, Xu J, Zheng J, Pan Y, Zhang T, Fan G. A convolutional neural networks method for tropospheric ozone vertical distribution retrieval from Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy measurements. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175049. [PMID: 39067587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The vertical distribution of tropospheric ozone (O3) is crucial for understanding atmospheric physicochemical processes. A Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) method for the retrieval of tropospheric O3 vertical distribution from ground-based Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements to tackle the issue of stratospheric O3 absorption interference faced by MAX-DOAS in obtaining tropospheric O3 profiles. Firstly, a hybrid model, named PCA-F_Regression-SVR, is developed to screen features sensitive to O3 inversion based on the MAX-DOAS spectra and EAC4 reanalysis O3 profiles, which incorporates Principal Component Analysis (PCA), F_Regression function, and Support Vector Regression (SVR) algorithm. Thus, these screened features for ancillary inversion include the profiles of temperature, specific humidity, fraction of cloud coverage, eastward and northward wind, the profiles of SO2, NO2, and HCHO, as well as season and time features to serve as sensitive factors. Secondly, the preprocessed MAX-DOAS spectra dataset and the sensitive factor dataset are utilized as input, while the O3 profiles of the EAC4 reanalysis dataset incorporating the surface O3 concentrations are employed as output for constructing the CNN model. The Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) decreases from 26 % to approximately 19 %. Finally, the CNN model is applied for inversion and comparison of tropospheric O3 profiles using independent input data. The CNN model effectively reproduces the O3 profiles of the EAC4 dataset, showing a Gaussian-like spatial distribution with peaks primarily around 950 hPa (550 m). Since the reanalysis data used for model training has been smoothed, the CNN model is insensitive to extreme values. This behavior can be attributed to the MAPE loss function, which evaluates Absolute Percentage Errors (APEs) of O₃ concentration at all altitudes, resulting in varying retrieval accuracy across different altitudes while maintaining overall MAPE control. Temporally, the CNN model tends to overestimate surface O3 in summer by around 20 μg/m3, primarily due to the influence of the temperature feature in the sensitivity factor dataset. In conclusion, leveraging MAX-DOAS spectra enables the retrieval of tropospheric O3 vertical distribution through the established CNN model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Wang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Pinhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optical and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Jin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optical and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jiangyi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optical and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yifeng Pan
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optical and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Guangqiang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optical and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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Cazorla M, Giles DM, Herrera E, Suárez L, Estevan R, Andrade M, Bastidas Á. Latitudinal and temporal distribution of aerosols and precipitable water vapor in the tropical Andes from AERONET, sounding, and MERRA-2 data. Sci Rep 2024; 14:897. [PMID: 38195912 PMCID: PMC10776852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The aerosol and precipitable water vapor (PW) distribution over the tropical Andes region is characterized using Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) observations at stations in Medellin (Colombia), Quito (Ecuador), Huancayo (Peru), and La Paz (Bolivia). AERONET aerosol optical depth (AOD) is interpreted using PM2.5 data when available. Columnar water vapor derived from ozone soundings at Quito is used to compare against AERONET PW. MERRA-2 data are used to complement analyses. Urban pollution and biomass burning smoke (BBS) dominate the regional aerosol composition. AOD and PM2.5 yearly cycles for coincident measurements correlate linearly at Medellin and Quito. The Andes cordillera's orientation and elevation funnel or block BBS transport into valleys or highlands during the two fire seasons that systematically impact South America. The February-March season north of Colombia and the Colombian-Venezuelan border directly impacts Medellin. Possibly, the March aerosol signal over Quito has a long-range transport component. At Huancayo and La Paz, AOD increases in September due to the influence of BBS in the Amazon. AERONET PW and sounding data correlate linearly but a dry bias with respect to soundings was identified in AERONET. PW and rainfall progressively decrease from north to south due to increasing altitude. This regional diagnosis is an underlying basis to evaluate future changes in aerosol and PW given prevailing conditions of rapidly changing atmospheric composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cazorla
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones Atmosféricas, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - David M Giles
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc. (SSAI), Lanham, MD, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Edgar Herrera
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones Atmosféricas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Luis Suárez
- Instituto Geofísico del Perú, Huancayo, Peru
| | | | - Marcos Andrade
- Laboratorio de Física de la Atmósfera, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Álvaro Bastidas
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellin, Medellin, Colombia
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Fadnavis S, Sagalgile A, Sonbawne S, Vogel B, Peter T, Wienhold FG, Dirksen R, Oelsner P, Naja M, Müller R. Comparison of ozonesonde measurements in the upper troposphere and lower Stratosphere in Northern India with reanalysis and chemistry-climate-model data. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7133. [PMID: 37130920 PMCID: PMC10154380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The variability and trend of ozone (O3) in the Upper troposphere and Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) over the Asian region needs to be accurately quantified. Ozone in the UTLS radiatively heats this region and cools the upper parts of the stratosphere. This results in an impact on relative humidity, static stability in the UTLS region and tropical tropopause temperature. A major challenge for understanding ozone chemistry in the UTLS is sparse observations and thus the representation of precursor gases in model emission inventories. Here, we evaluate ozonesonde measurements during August 2016 at Nainital, in the Himalayas, against ozone from multiple reanalyses and the ECHAM6-HAMMOZ model. We find that compared to measurements both reanalyses and ECHAM6-HAMMOZ control simulation overestimate ozone mixing ratios in the troposphere (20 ppb) and in the UTLS (55 ppb). We performed sensitivity simulations using the ECHAM6-HAMMOZ model for a 50% reduction in the emission of (1) NOx and (2) VOCs. The model simulations with NOX reduction agree better with the ozonesonde observations in the lower troposphere and in the UTLS. Thus, neither reanalyses nor ECHAM6-HAMMOZ results can reproduce observed O3 over the South Asian region. For a better representation of O3 in the ECHAM6-HAMMOZ model, NOX emission should be reduced by 50% in the emission inventory. A larger number of observations of ozone and precursor gases over the South Asian region would improve the assessment of ozone chemistry in models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvarna Fadnavis
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Center for Climate Change Research, Pune, India.
| | - Archana Sagalgile
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Center for Climate Change Research, Pune, India
| | - Sunil Sonbawne
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Center for Climate Change Research, Pune, India
| | - Bärbel Vogel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IEK-7, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Peter
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science (IAC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Frank G Wienhold
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science (IAC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ruud Dirksen
- Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) GRUAN Lead Centre, Meteorologisches Observatorium Lindenberg, Tauche, Germany
| | - Peter Oelsner
- Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) GRUAN Lead Centre, Meteorologisches Observatorium Lindenberg, Tauche, Germany
| | - Manish Naja
- Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Nainital, India
| | - Rolf Müller
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IEK-7, Jülich, Germany
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