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Martellucci S, Flütsch A, Carter M, Norimoto M, Pizzo D, Mantuano E, Sadri M, Wang Z, Chillin-Fuentes D, Rosenthal SB, Azmoon P, Gonias SL, Campana WM. Axon-derived PACSIN1 binds to the Schwann cell survival receptor, LRP1, and transactivates TrkC to promote gliatrophic activities. Glia 2024; 72:916-937. [PMID: 38372375 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) undergo phenotypic transformation and then orchestrate nerve repair following PNS injury. The ligands and receptors that activate and sustain SC transformation remain incompletely understood. Proteins released by injured axons represent important candidates for activating the SC Repair Program. The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) is acutely up-regulated in SCs in response to injury, activating c-Jun, and promoting SC survival. To identify novel LRP1 ligands released in PNS injury, we applied a discovery-based approach in which extracellular proteins in the injured nerve were captured using Fc-fusion proteins containing the ligand-binding motifs of LRP1 (CCR2 and CCR4). An intracellular neuron-specific protein, Protein Kinase C and Casein Kinase Substrate in Neurons (PACSIN1) was identified and validated as an LRP1 ligand. Recombinant PACSIN1 activated c-Jun and ERK1/2 in cultured SCs. Silencing Lrp1 or inhibiting the LRP1 cell-signaling co-receptor, the NMDA-R, blocked the effects of PACSIN1 on c-Jun and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Intraneural injection of PACSIN1 into crush-injured sciatic nerves activated c-Jun in wild-type mice, but not in mice in which Lrp1 is conditionally deleted in SCs. Transcriptome profiling of SCs revealed that PACSIN1 mediates gene expression events consistent with transformation to the repair phenotype. PACSIN1 promoted SC migration and viability following the TNFα challenge. When Src family kinases were pharmacologically inhibited or the receptor tyrosine kinase, TrkC, was genetically silenced or pharmacologically inhibited, PACSIN1 failed to induce cell signaling and prevent SC death. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that PACSIN1 is a novel axon-derived LRP1 ligand that activates SC repair signaling by transactivating TrkC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Martellucci
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andreas Flütsch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mark Carter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Masaki Norimoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Donald Pizzo
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Elisabetta Mantuano
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mahrou Sadri
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daisy Chillin-Fuentes
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Altman Clinical & Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sara Brin Rosenthal
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Altman Clinical & Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pardis Azmoon
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Steven L Gonias
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wendy M Campana
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Program in Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Research, San Diego VA Health Care System, San Diego, California, USA
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Mantuano E, Zampieri C, Azmoon P, Gunner CB, Heye KR, Gonias SL. An LRP1-binding motif in cellular prion protein replicates cell-signaling activities of the full-length protein. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e170121. [PMID: 37368488 PMCID: PMC10445690 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.170121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) functions as a receptor for nonpathogenic cellular prion protein (PrPC), which is released from cells by ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain) proteases or in extracellular vesicles. This interaction activates cell signaling and attenuates inflammatory responses. We screened 14-mer PrPC-derived peptides and identified a putative LRP1 recognition motif in the PrPC sequence spanning residues 98-111. A synthetic peptide (P3) corresponding to this region replicated the cell-signaling and biological activities of full-length shed PrPC. P3 blocked LPS-elicited cytokine expression in macrophages and microglia and rescued the heightened sensitivity to LPS in mice in which the PrPC gene (Prnp) had been deleted. P3 activated ERK1/2 and induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. The response to P3 required LRP1 and the NMDA receptor and was blocked by the PrPC-specific antibody, POM2. P3 has Lys residues, which are typically necessary for LRP1 binding. Converting Lys100 and Lys103 into Ala eliminated the activity of P3, suggesting that these residues are essential in the LRP1-binding motif. A P3 derivative in which Lys105 and Lys109 were converted into Ala retained activity. We conclude that the biological activities of shed PrPC, attributed to interaction with LRP1, are retained in synthetic peptides, which may be templates for therapeutics development.
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Portilla Y, Mulens-Arias V, Daviu N, Paradela A, Pérez-Yagüe S, Barber DF. Interaction of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Macrophages Is Influenced Distinctly by "Self" and "Non-Self" Biological Identities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37478159 PMCID: PMC10401511 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Upon contact with biological fluids like serum, a protein corona (PC) complex forms on iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in physiological environments and the proteins it contains influence how IONPs act in biological systems. Although the biological identity of PC-IONP complexes has often been studied in vitro and in vivo, there have been inconsistent results due to the differences in the animal of origin, the type of biological fluid, and the physicochemical properties of the IONPs. Here, we identified differences in the PC composition when it was derived from the sera of three species (bovine, murine, or human) and deposited on IONPs with similar core diameters but with different coatings [dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), dextran (DEX), or 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APS)], and we assessed how these differences influenced their effects on macrophages. We performed a comparative proteomic analysis to identify common proteins from the three sera that adsorb to each IONP coating and the 10 most strongly represented proteins in PCs. We demonstrated that the PC composition is dependent on the origin of the serum rather than the nature of the coating. The PC composition critically affects the interaction of IONPs with macrophages in self- or non-self identity models, influencing the activation and polarization of macrophages. However, such effects were more consistent for DMSA-IONPs. As such, a self biological identity of IONPs promotes the activation and M2 polarization of murine macrophages, while a non-self biological identity favors M1 polarization, producing larger quantities of ROS. In a human context, we observed the opposite effect, whereby a self biological identity of DMSA-IONPs promotes a mixed M1/M2 polarization with an increase in ROS production. Conversely, a non-self biological identity of IONPs provides nanoparticles with a stealthy character as no clear effects on human macrophages were evident. Thus, the biological identity of IONPs profoundly affects their interaction with macrophages, ultimately defining their biological impact on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadileiny Portilla
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and Nanobiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vladimir Mulens-Arias
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and Nanobiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Neus Daviu
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and Nanobiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Paradela
- Proteomics Facility, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Pérez-Yagüe
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and Nanobiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo F Barber
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and Nanobiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Gunner CB, Azmoon P, Mantuano E, Das L, Zampieri C, Pizzo SV, Gonias SL. An antibody that targets cell-surface glucose-regulated protein-78 inhibits expression of inflammatory cytokines and plasminogen activator inhibitors by macrophages. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:743-752. [PMID: 36947703 PMCID: PMC10200756 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein-78 (Grp78) is an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, which is secreted by cells and associates with cell surfaces, where it functions as a receptor for activated α2 -macroglobulin (α2 M) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). In macrophages, α2 M and tPA also bind to the transmembrane receptor, LDL receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1), activating a cell-signaling receptor assembly that includes the NMDA receptor (NMDA-R) to suppress innate immunity. Herein, we demonstrate that an antibody targeting Grp78 (N88) inhibits NFκB activation and expression of proinflammatory cytokines in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) treated with the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) ligand, lipopolysaccharide, or with agonists that activate TLR2, TLR7, or TLR9. Pharmacologic inhibition of the NMDA-R or deletion of the gene encoding LRP1 (Lrp1) in BMDMs neutralizes the activity of N88. The fibrinolysis protease inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI1), has been implicated in diverse diseases including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Deletion of Lrp1 independently increased expression of PAI1 and PAI2 in BMDMs, as did treatment of wild-type BMDMs with TLR agonists. tPA, α2 M, and N88 inhibited expression of PAI1 and PAI2 in BMDMs treated with TLR-activating agents. Inhibiting Src family kinases blocked the ability of both N88 and tPA to function as anti-inflammatory agents, suggesting that the cell-signaling pathway activated by tPA and N88, downstream of LRP1 and the NMDA-R, may be equivalent. We conclude that targeting cell-surface Grp78 may be effective in suppressing innate immunity by a mechanism that requires LRP1 and the NMDA-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory B. Gunner
- Department of Pathology, University of San Diego California School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pardis Azmoon
- Department of Pathology, University of San Diego California School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elisabetta Mantuano
- Department of Pathology, University of San Diego California School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lipsa Das
- Department of Pathology, University of San Diego California School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carlotta Zampieri
- Department of Pathology, University of San Diego California School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Salvatore V. Pizzo
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steven L. Gonias
- Department of Pathology, University of San Diego California School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Agirbasli M, Korkmaz R, Isman FK. Association of Low Levels of Soluble Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 and COVID-19 Outcomes During the First Wave of Pandemic. Cureus 2023; 15:e37254. [PMID: 37168200 PMCID: PMC10166571 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) is an endocytosis receptor that clears inflammatory proteins from circulation. LRP1 has anti-inflammatory effects that bind pro-inflammatory cytokines or ligands. LRP1 has a soluble form (sLRP1) which can be measured in serum. We report sLRP1 levels in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The first objective of this study is to compare the sLRP1 levels between COVID-19 patients and healthy controls. The second objective is to examine the association between sLRP1 and the clinical outcome of COVID-19. All patients (20-80 years of age) were evaluated in a hospital using a positive PCR test for SARS‑CoV‑2 between April 1, 2020, and June 1, 2020. Controls (n=59) were selected from healthy subjects. sLRP1 levels were measured in patients from the emergency department (ED), inpatient service (IS), and the intensive care unit (ICU). The study included 180 cases. COVID-19 patients showed significantly lower sLRP1 levels compared to controls (1.43 (1.86) versus 2.27 (1.68) μg/mL, respectively, p<0.001). sLRP1 levels were 1.26 (1.81), 1.37 (1.65), and 1.74 (1.98) μg/mL in patients from ED, IS, and ICU, respectively (p=0.022). Patients who were admitted from ED displayed lower sLRP1 levels compared to those who were discharged (median sLRP1 levels were 0.86 versus 1.7 μg/mL, p=0.045). COVID-19 patients display significantly lower sLRP1 levels compared to the healthy controls. sLRP1 levels do not show any association with the clinical outcome of COVID-19. This study demonstrates that LRP1 displays a bidirectional course in COVID-19. A low sLRP1 level is a potential risk factor for susceptibility and hospital admission due to COVID-19. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are needed to understand the long-term effects of novel biomarkers such as sLRP1 on the outcome of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Agirbasli
- Department of Cardiology, İstanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Rabia Korkmaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Ferruh K Isman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
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