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Costello HM, Sharma RK, McKee AR, Gumz ML. Circadian Disruption and the Molecular Clock in Atherosclerosis and Hypertension. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:1757-1771. [PMID: 37355229 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.06.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are crucial for maintaining vascular function and disruption of these rhythms are associated with negative health outcomes including cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Circadian rhythms are regulated by the central clock within the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus and peripheral clocks located in nearly every cell type in the body, including cells within the heart and vasculature. In this review, we summarize the most recent preclinical and clinical research linking circadian disruption, with a focus on molecular circadian clock mechanisms, in atherosclerosis and hypertension. Furthermore, we provide insight into potential future chronotherapeutics for hypertension and vascular disease. A better understanding of the influence of daily rhythms in behaviour, such as sleep/wake cycles, feeding, and physical activity, as well as the endogenous circadian system on cardiovascular risk will help pave the way for targeted approaches in atherosclerosis and hypertension treatment/prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Costello
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
| | - Ravindra K Sharma
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Annalisse R McKee
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Li C, Yang D, Yang W, Wang Y, Li D, Li Y, Xiao B, Zhang H, Zhao H, Dong H, Zhang J, Chu G, Wang A, Jin Y, Liu Y, Chen H. Hypoxia activation attenuates progesterone synthesis in goat trophoblast cells via NR1D1 inhibition of StAR expression†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:720-735. [PMID: 37552055 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast plays a crucial role in gestation maintenance and embryo implantation, partly due to the synthesis of progesterone. It has been demonstrated that hypoxia regulates invasion, proliferation, and differentiation of trophoblast cells. Additionally, human trophoblasts display rhythmic expression of circadian clock genes. However, it remains unclear if the circadian clock system is present in goat trophoblast cells (GTCs), and its involvement in hypoxia regulation of steroid hormone synthesis remains elusive. In this study, immunofluorescence staining revealed that both BMAL1 and NR1D1 (two circadian clock components) were highly expressed in GTCs. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that several circadian clock genes were rhythmically expressed in forskolin-synchronized GTCs. To mimic hypoxia, GTCs were treated with hypoxia-inducing reagents (CoCl2 or DMOG). Quantitative real-time PCR results demonstrated that hypoxia perturbed the mRNA expression of circadian clock genes and StAR. Notably, the increased expression of NR1D1 and the reduction of StAR expression in hypoxic GTCs were also detected by western blotting. In addition, progesterone secretion exhibited a notable decline in hypoxic GTCs. SR9009, an NR1D1 agonist, significantly decreased StAR expression at both the mRNA and protein levels and markedly inhibited progesterone secretion in GTCs. Moreover, SR8278, an NR1D1 antagonist, partially reversed the inhibitory effect of CoCl2 on mRNA and protein expression levels of StAR and progesterone synthesis in GTCs. Our results demonstrate that hypoxia reduces StAR expression via the activation of NR1D1 signaling in GTCs, thus inhibiting progesterone synthesis. These findings provide new insights into the NR1D1 regulation of progesterone synthesis in GTCs under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wanghao Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiqun Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yating Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bonan Xiao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haisen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongcong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guiyan Chu
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, Department of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingqiu Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huatao Chen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Bradshaw JL, Cushen SC, Ricci CA, Tucker SM, Gardner JJ, Little JT, Osikoya O, Goulopoulou S. Gestational exposure to unmethylated CpG oligonucleotides dysregulates placental molecular clock network and fetoplacental growth dynamics, and disrupts maternal blood pressure circadian rhythms in rats. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.14.532649. [PMID: 36993698 PMCID: PMC10055100 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.14.532649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections and impaired mitochondrial DNA dynamics are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Unmethylated cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) motifs are common in bacterial and mitochondrial DNA and act as potent immunostimulators. Here, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to CpG oligonucleotides (ODN) during pregnancy would disrupt blood pressure circadian rhythms and the placental molecular clock machinery, mediating aberrant fetoplacental growth dynamics. Rats were repeatedly treated with CpG ODN in the 3 rd trimester (gestational day, GD, 14, 16, 18) and euthanized on GD20 (near term) or with a single dose of CpG ODN and euthanized 4 hours after treatment on GD14. Hemodynamic circadian rhythms were analyzed via Lomb-Scargle periodogram analysis on 24-h raw data collected continuously via radiotelemetry. A p -value ≥ 0.05 indicates the absence of a circadian rhythm. Following the first treatment with CpG ODN, maternal systolic and diastolic blood pressure circadian rhythms were lost ( p ≥ 0.05). Blood pressure circadian rhythm was restored by GD16 and remained unaffected after the second treatment with CpG ODN ( p < 0.0001). Diastolic blood pressure circadian rhythm was again lost after the last treatment on GD18 ( p ≥ 0.05). CpG ODN increased placental expression of Per2 and Per3 and Tnfα ( p ≤ 0.05) and affected fetoplacental growth dynamics, such as reduced fetal and placental weights were disproportionately associated with increases in the number of resorptions in ODN-treated dams compared to controls. In conclusion, gestational exposure to unmethylated CpG DNA dysregulates placental molecular clock network and fetoplacental growth dynamics and disrupts blood pressure circadian rhythms.
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Zhou G, Fichorova RN, Holzman C, Chen B, Chang C, Kasten EP, Hoffmann HM. Placental circadian lincRNAs and spontaneous preterm birth. Front Genet 2023; 13:1051396. [PMID: 36712876 PMCID: PMC9874002 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1051396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have a much higher cell- and/or tissue-specificity compared to mRNAs in most cases, making them excellent candidates for therapeutic applications to reduce off-target effects. Placental long non-coding RNAs have been investigated in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (often causing preterm birth (PTB)), but less is known about their role in preterm birth. Preterm birth occurs in 11% of pregnancies and is the most common cause of death among infants in the world. We recently identified that genes that drive circadian rhythms in cells, termed molecular clock genes, are deregulated in maternal blood of women with spontaneous PTB (sPTB) and in the placenta of women with preeclampsia. Next, we focused on circadian genes-correlated long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs, making up most of the long non-coding RNAs), designated as circadian lincRNAs, associated with sPTB. We compared the co-altered circadian transcripts-correlated lincRNAs expressed in placentas of sPTB and term births using two published independent RNAseq datasets (GSE73712 and GSE174415). Nine core clock genes were up- or downregulated in sPTB versus term birth, where the RORA transcript was the only gene downregulated in sPTB across both independent datasets. We found that five circadian lincRNAs (LINC00893, LINC00265, LINC01089, LINC00482, and LINC00649) were decreased in sPTB vs term births across both datasets (p ≤ .0222, FDR≤.1973) and were negatively correlated with the dataset-specific clock genes-based risk scores (correlation coefficient r = -.65 ∼ -.43, p ≤ .0365, FDR≤.0601). Gene set variation analysis revealed that 65 pathways were significantly enriched by these same five differentially expressed lincRNAs, of which over 85% of the pathways could be linked to immune/inflammation/oxidative stress and cell cycle/apoptosis/autophagy/cellular senescence. These findings may improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of spontaneous preterm birth and provide novel insights into the development of potentially more effective and specific therapeutic targets against sPTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Zhou
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Guoli Zhou, ; Hanne M. Hoffmann,
| | - Raina N. Fichorova
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Claudia Holzman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Chi Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Eric P. Kasten
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States,Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Hanne M. Hoffmann
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Guoli Zhou, ; Hanne M. Hoffmann,
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