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Brunet-Ratnasingham E, Morin S, Randolph HE, Labrecque M, Bélair J, Lima-Barbosa R, Pagliuzza A, Marchitto L, Hultström M, Niessl J, Cloutier R, Sreng Flores AM, Brassard N, Benlarbi M, Prévost J, Ding S, Anand SP, Sannier G, Marks A, Wågsäter D, Bareke E, Zeberg H, Lipcsey M, Frithiof R, Larsson A, Zhou S, Nakanishi T, Morrison D, Vezina D, Bourassa C, Gendron-Lepage G, Medjahed H, Point F, Richard J, Larochelle C, Prat A, Cunningham JL, Arbour N, Durand M, Richards JB, Moon K, Chomont N, Finzi A, Tétreault M, Barreiro L, Wolf G, Kaufmann DE. Sustained IFN signaling is associated with delayed development of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4177. [PMID: 38755196 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasma RNAemia, delayed antibody responses and inflammation predict COVID-19 outcomes, but the mechanisms underlying these immunovirological patterns are poorly understood. We profile 782 longitudinal plasma samples from 318 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Integrated analysis using k-means reveals four patient clusters in a discovery cohort: mechanically ventilated critically-ill cases are subdivided into good prognosis and high-fatality clusters (reproduced in a validation cohort), while non-critical survivors segregate into high and low early antibody responders. Only the high-fatality cluster is enriched for transcriptomic signatures associated with COVID-19 severity, and each cluster has distinct RBD-specific antibody elicitation kinetics. Both critical and non-critical clusters with delayed antibody responses exhibit sustained IFN signatures, which negatively correlate with contemporaneous RBD-specific IgG levels and absolute SARS-CoV-2-specific B and CD4+ T cell frequencies. These data suggest that the "Interferon paradox" previously described in murine LCMV models is operative in COVID-19, with excessive IFN signaling delaying development of adaptive virus-specific immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Brunet-Ratnasingham
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sacha Morin
- Department of Computer Science and Operations Research, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Mila-Quebec AI Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Haley E Randolph
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marjorie Labrecque
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Bioinformatics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Justin Bélair
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Independent Data Scientist, JB Consulting, Montreal, QC, H3S1K8, Canada
| | - Raphaël Lima-Barbosa
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Independent Data Scientist, JB Consulting, Montreal, QC, H3S1K8, Canada
| | - Amélie Pagliuzza
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lorie Marchitto
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Hultström
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Julia Niessl
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rose Cloutier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alina M Sreng Flores
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Brassard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mehdi Benlarbi
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shilei Ding
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sai Priya Anand
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gérémy Sannier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amanda Marks
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dick Wågsäter
- Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eric Bareke
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hugo Zeberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Miklos Lipcsey
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Hedenstierna Laboratory, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Frithiof
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Larsson
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sirui Zhou
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tomoko Nakanishi
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Kyoto-McGill International Collaborative School in Genomic Medicine, Gaduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Research Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David Morrison
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dani Vezina
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Bourassa
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Gendron-Lepage
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Halima Medjahed
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Floriane Point
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Janet L Cunningham
- Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Madeleine Durand
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J Brent Richards
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin Moon
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Martine Tétreault
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luis Barreiro
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guy Wolf
- Department of Computer Science and Operations Research, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Mila-Quebec AI Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Daniel E Kaufmann
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Beaudoin-Bussières G, Finzi A. Deciphering Fc-effector functions against SARS-CoV-2. Trends Microbiol 2024:S0966-842X(24)00005-2. [PMID: 38365562 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Major efforts were deployed to study the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2. Antibodies neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 have been extensively studied in the context of infections, vaccinations, and breakthrough infections. Antibodies, however, are pleiotropic proteins that have many functions in addition to neutralization. These include Fc-effector functions such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). Although important to combat viral infections, these Fc-effector functions were less studied in the context of SARS-CoV-2 compared with binding and neutralization. This is partly due to the difficulty in developing reliable assays to measure Fc-effector functions compared to antibody binding and neutralization. Multiple assays have now been developed and can be used to measure different Fc-effector functions. Here, we review these assays and what is known regarding anti-SARS-CoV-2 Fc-effector functions. Overall, this review summarizes and updates our current state of knowledge regarding anti-SARS-CoV-2 Fc-effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada.
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Augello M, Bono V, Rovito R, Tincati C, Bianchi S, Taramasso L, Di Biagio A, Callegaro A, Maggiolo F, Borghi E, Monforte AD, Marchetti G. Association between SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia, skewed T cell responses, inflammation, and severity in hospitalized COVID-19 people living with HIV. iScience 2024; 27:108673. [PMID: 38188525 PMCID: PMC10770729 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 outcomes have been reported in people living with HIV (PLWH), yet the underlying pathogenetic factors are largely unknown. We therefore aimed to assess SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia and plasma cytokines in PLWH hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia, exploring associations with magnitude and functionality of SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses. Eighteen unvaccinated PLWH (16/18 on cART; median CD4 T cell count 361.5/μL; HIV-RNA<50 cp/mL in 15/18) and 18 age/sex-matched people without HIV were consecutively recruited at a median time of 10 days from symptoms onset. PLWH showed greater SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia, a distinct plasma cytokine profile, and worse respiratory function (lower PaO2/FiO2nadir), all correlating with skewed T cell responses (higher perforin production by cytotoxic T cells as well as fewer and less polyfunctional SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells), despite preserved humoral immunity. In conclusion, these data suggest a link between HIV-related T cell dysfunction and poor control over SARS-CoV-2 replication/dissemination that may in turn influence COVID-19 severity in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Augello
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Bono
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Rovito
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Tincati
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bianchi
- Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Taramasso
- Infectious Diseases Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Biagio
- Infectious Diseases Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Annapaola Callegaro
- Biobank Unit and Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Franco Maggiolo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Elisa Borghi
- Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella d’Arminio Monforte
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Marchetti
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Hagman K, Hedenstierna M, Widaeus J, Arvidsson E, Hammas B, Grillner L, Jakobsson J, Gille-Johnson P, Ursing J. Effects of remdesivir on SARS-CoV-2 viral dynamics and mortality in viraemic patients hospitalized for COVID-19. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:2735-2742. [PMID: 37757451 PMCID: PMC10631829 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on the antiviral effects of remdesivir have shown conflicting results. SARS-CoV-2 viraemia could identify patients in whom antiviral treatment may be particularly beneficial. OBJECTIVES To investigate antiviral effects and clinical outcomes of remdesivir treatment in viraemic patients. METHODS Viraemic patients hospitalized for COVID-19 with ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen of ≤300, symptom duration ≤10 days, and estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥30 mL/min were included in a cohort. The rate of serum viral clearance and serum viral load decline, 60 day mortality and in-hospital outcomes were estimated. A subgroup analysis including patients with symptom duration ≤7 days was performed. RESULTS A total of 318 viraemic patients were included. Thirty-three percent (105/318) received remdesivir. The rate of serum viral clearance [subhazard risk ratio (SHR) 1.4 (95% CI 0.9-2.0), P = 0.11] and serum viral load decline (P = 0.11) were not significantly different between remdesivir-treated patients and controls. However, the rate of serum viral clearance was non-significantly higher [SHR 1.6 (95% CI 1.0-2.7), P = 0.051] and the viral load decline was faster (P = 0.03) in remdesivir-treated patients with symptom duration ≤7 days at admission. The 60 day mortality [HR 1.0 (95% CI 0.6-1.8), P = 0.97] and adverse in-hospital outcomes [OR 1.4 (95% CI 0.8-2.4), P = 0.31] were not significantly different between remdesivir-treated patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS Remdesivir treatment did not significantly change the duration of SARS-CoV-2 viraemia, decline of serum viral load, 60 day mortality or in-hospital adverse outcomes in patients with ≤10 days of symptoms at admission. Remdesivir appeared to reduce the duration of viraemia in a subgroup of patients with ≤7 days of symptoms at admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Hagman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Diagnosvagen 21, 416 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jacob Widaeus
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emelie Arvidsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Berit Hammas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Sweden
| | - Lena Grillner
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jan Jakobsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Johan Ursing
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Servian CDP, Spadafora-Ferreira M, dos Anjos DCC, Guilarde AO, Gomes-Junior AR, Borges MASB, Masson LC, Silva JMM, de Lima MHA, Moraes BGN, Souza SM, Xavier LE, de Oliveira DCA, Batalha-Carvalho JV, Moro AM, Bocca AL, Pfrimer IAH, Costa NL, Feres VCDR, Fiaccadori FS, Souza M, Gardinassi LG, Durigon EL, Romão PRT, Jorge SAC, Coelho V, Botosso VF, Fonseca SG. Distinct anti-NP, anti-RBD and anti-Spike antibody profiles discriminate death from survival in COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1206979. [PMID: 37876932 PMCID: PMC10591157 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces rapid production of IgM, IgA, and IgG antibodies directed to multiple viral antigens that may have impact diverse clinical outcomes. Methods We evaluated IgM, IgA, and IgG antibodies directed to the nucleocapsid (NP), IgA and IgG to the Spike protein and to the receptor-binding domain (RBD), and the presence of neutralizing antibodies (nAb), in a cohort of unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals, in the first 30 days of post-symptom onset (PSO) (T1). Results This study included 193 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) participants classified as mild, moderate, severe, critical, and fatal and 27 uninfected controls. In T1, we identified differential antibody profiles associated with distinct clinical presentation. The mild group presented lower levels of anti-NP IgG, and IgA (vs moderate and severe), anti-NP IgM (vs severe, critical and fatal), anti-Spike IgA (vs severe and fatal), and anti-RBD IgG (vs severe). The moderate group presented higher levels of anti-RBD IgA, comparing with severe group. The severe group presented higher levels of anti-NP IgA (vs mild and fatal) and anti-RBD IgG (vs mild and moderate). The fatal group presented higher levels of anti-NP IgM and anti-Spike IgA (vs mild), but lower levels of anti-NP IgA (vs severe). The levels of nAb was lower just in mild group compared to severe, critical, and fatal groups, moreover, no difference was observed among the more severe groups. In addition, we studied 82 convalescent individuals, between 31 days to 6 months (T2) or more than 6 months (T3), PSO, those: 12 mild, 26 moderate, and 46 severe plus critical. The longitudinal analyzes, for the severe plus critical group showed lower levels of anti-NP IgG, IgA and IgM, anti-Spike IgA in relation T3. The follow-up in the fatal group, reveals that the levels of anti-spike IgG increased, while anti-NP IgM levels was decreased along the time in severe/critical and fatal as well as anti-NP IgG and IgA in several/critical groups. Discussion In summary, the anti-NP IgA and IgG lower levels and the higher levels of anti-RBD and anti-Spike IgA in fatal compared to survival group of individuals admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Collectively, our data discriminate death from survival, suggesting that anti-RBD IgA and anti-Spike IgA may play some deleterious effect, in contrast with the potentially protective effect of anti-NP IgA and IgG in the survival group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina do Prado Servian
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Déborah Carolina Carvalho dos Anjos
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Adriana Oliveira Guilarde
- Departamento de Patologia Tropical e Dermatologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Antonio Roberto Gomes-Junior
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Moara Alves Santa Bárbara Borges
- Departamento de Patologia Tropical e Dermatologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Letícia Carrijo Masson
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - João Marcos Maia Silva
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sueli Meira Souza
- Laboratório Prof Margarida Dobler Komma, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eterno Xavier
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Maria Moro
- Laboratório de Biofármacos, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia – Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia (III-INCT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anamélia Lorenzetti Bocca
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Nádia Lago Costa
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiola Souza Fiaccadori
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Menira Souza
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Gardinassi
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Verônica Coelho
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia – Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia (III-INCT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Histocompatibilidade e Imunidade Celular, Hospital das Clínicas Hospital da Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Gonçalves Fonseca
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia – Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia (III-INCT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Maor Y, Shinar E, Izak M, Rahav G, Brosh-Nissimov T, Kessler A, Rahimi-Levene N, Benin-Goren O, Cohen D, Zohar I, Alagem N, Castro S, Zimhony O. A Randomized Controlled Study Assessing Convalescent Immunoglobulins vs Convalescent Plasma for Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus 2019. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:964-971. [PMID: 37220751 PMCID: PMC10552585 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown whether convalescent immunoglobulins (cIgGs) are better than convalescent plasma (CP) for patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS In this randomized controlled trial, we assigned high risk COVID-19 patients with ≤10 days of symptoms, to receive cIgGs or CP. The primary endpoint was improvement on day 14 according to the World Health Organization scale. Secondary endpoints were survival on day 14, and improvement, survival, and percent of ventilated patients on day 28, and treatment response in unvaccinated and vaccinated patients. RESULTS A total of 319 patients were included: 166 received cIgGs and 153 CP. Median age was 64 to 66 years. A total of 112 patients (67.5%) in the cIgG group and 103 patients (67.3%) in the CP group reached the primary endpoint. Difference between groups was 0.1 (95% confidence interval, -10.1 to 10.4; P = .026), failing to reach noninferiority. More patients receiving cIgG improved by day 28 (136 patients [81.9%] and 108 patients [70.6%], respectively; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-20.7; P < .001; for superiority P = .018). Seventeen patients in the cIgG group (10.2%) and 25 patients (16.3%) in the CP group required mechanical ventilation (P = .136). Sixteen (9.6%) and 23 (15%) patients, respectively, died (P = .172). More unvaccinated patients improved by day 28 in the cIgG group (84.1% vs 66.1%; P = .024), and survival was better in the cIgG group (89.9% vs 77.4%; P = .066). CONCLUSIONS cIgGs failed to reach the primary noninferiority endpoint on day 14 but was superior to CP on day 28. Survival and improvement by day 28 in unvaccinated patients treated with cIgGs were better. In the face of new variants, cIgGs are a viable option for treating COVID-19. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER My Trials MOH_2021-01-14_009667.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Maor
- Infectious Disease Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eilat Shinar
- Magen David Adom, National Blood Services, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Marina Izak
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Magen David Adom, National Blood Services, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Galia Rahav
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tal Brosh-Nissimov
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
| | - Asa Kessler
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - Dani Cohen
- School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Zohar
- Infectious Disease Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Oren Zimhony
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
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Augello M, Bono V, Rovito R, Tincati C, d'Arminio Monforte A, Marchetti G. Six-month immune responses to mRNA-1273 vaccine in combination antiretroviral therapy treated late presenter people with HIV according to previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. AIDS 2023; 37:1503-1517. [PMID: 37199415 PMCID: PMC10355808 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccines in people with HIV (PWH) with a history of late presentation (LP) and their durability have not been fully characterized. DESIGN In this prospective, longitudinal study, we sought to assess T-cell and humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination up to 6 months in LP-PWH on effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) as compared to HIV-negative healthcare workers (HCWs), and to evaluate whether previous SARS-CoV-2 infection modulates immune responses to vaccine. METHODS SARS-CoV-2 spike (S)-specific T-cell responses were determined by two complementary flow cytometry methodologies, namely activation-induced marker (AIM) assay and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS), whereas humoral responses were measured by ELISA [anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibodies) and receptor-binding inhibition assay (spike-ACE2 binding inhibition activity), before vaccination (T0), 1 month (T1) and 5 months (T2) after the second dose. RESULTS LP-PWH showed at T1 and T2 significant increase of: S-specific memory and circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) CD4 + T cells; polyfunctional Th1-cytokine (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2)- and Th2-cytokine (IL-4)-producing S-specific CD4 + T cells; anti-RBD antibodies and spike-ACE2 binding inhibition activity. Immune responses to vaccine in LP-PWH were not inferior to HCWs overall, yet S-specific CD8 + T cells and spike-ACE2 binding inhibition activity correlated negatively with markers of immune recovery on cART. Interestingly, natural SARS-CoV-2 infection, while able to sustain S-specific antibody response, seems less efficacious in inducing a T-cell memory and in boosting immune responses to vaccine, possibly reflecting an enduring partial immunodeficiency. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these findings support the need for additional vaccine doses in PWH with a history of advanced immune depression and poor immune recovery on effective cART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Augello
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Krifors A, Karlsson L, Ekman M, Lorant C, Skorup P. The kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 viremia in COVID-19 patients receiving remdesivir. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2023:10.1007/s10096-023-04627-4. [PMID: 37243828 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04627-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in serum, viremia, has been linked to disease severity and outcome. The kinetics of viremia in patients receiving remdesivir has not been thoroughly studied and could help predict treatment response and outcome. We investigated the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 viremia and factors associated with baseline viremia, viral clearance and 30-day mortality in patients receiving remdesivir. An observational study including 378 hospitalised patients (median age 67 years, 67% male) sampled with serum SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR within ± 24 h of initiation of remdesivir treatment. Baseline viremia was present in 206 (54%) patients with a median Ct value of 35.3 (IQR = 33.3-37.1). In patients with baseline viremia, the estimated probability of viral clearance was 72% by day 5. Ct values decreased significantly during remdesivir treatment for viremic patients, indicating an increase in viral load. In total, 44 patients (12%) died within 30 days, and mortality was significantly associated with viremia at baseline (OR = 2.45, p = 0.01) and lack of viral clearance by day 5 (OR = 4.8, p = < 0.01). Viral clearance was not associated with any individual risk factor. Viremia appears to be a prognostic marker before and during remedesivir treatment. The resolution of viremia was similar to patients not receiving remdesivir in other studies, and the decrease in Ct values during treatment questions the antiviral capacity of remdesivir in vivo. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Krifors
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Centre for Clinical Research Västmanland, Uppsala University, Hospital of Västmanland, 721 89, Västerås, Sweden.
| | - Linda Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Akademiska University Hospital, 753 09, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Ekman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 52, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Lorant
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul Skorup
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
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