1
|
Yin C, Turley E, Livingston J. Identification of a novel MYH9-related disease-associated mutation with multiple faintly staining Döhle-like bodies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e31183. [PMID: 38965687 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.31183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Yin
- Division of Hematological Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Elona Turley
- Division of Hematological Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Joel Livingston
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gou Z, Zhang D, Cao H, Li Y, Li Y, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhou H. Exploring the nexus between MYH9 and tumors: novel insights and new therapeutic opportunities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1421763. [PMID: 39149512 PMCID: PMC11325155 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1421763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) gene, located on human chromosome 22, encodes non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NM IIA). This protein is essential to various cellular events, such as generating intracellular chemomechanical force and facilitating the movement of the actin cytoskeleton. Mutations associated with thrombocytopenia in autosomal dominant diseases first highlighted the significance of the MYH9 gene. In recent years, numerous studies have demonstrated the pivotal roles of MYH9 in various cancers. However, its effects on cancer are intricate and not fully comprehended. Furthermore, the elevated expression of MYH9 in certain malignancies suggests its potential as a target for tumor therapy. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of literature summarizing MYH9's role in tumors and the therapeutic strategies centered on it, necessitating a systematic analysis. This paper comprehensively reviews and analyzes the pertinent literature in this domain, elucidating the fundamental structural characteristics, biological functions, and the nexus between MYH9 and tumors. The mechanisms through which MYH9 contributes to tumor development and its multifaceted roles in the tumorigenic process are also explored. Additionally, we discuss the relationship between MYH9-related diseases (MYH9-RD) and tumors and also summarize tumor therapeutic approaches targeting MYH9. The potential clinical applications of studying the MYH9 gene include improving early diagnosis, clinical staging, and prognosis of tumors. This paper is anticipated to provide novel insights for tumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Gou
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Difei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongliang Cao
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yao Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunkuo Li
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zijian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu Y, Chen Y, Zu Y. Leveraging a neutrophil-derived PCD signature to predict and stratify patients with acute myocardial infarction: from AI prediction to biological interpretation. J Transl Med 2024; 22:612. [PMID: 38956669 PMCID: PMC11221097 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed cell death (PCD) has recently been implicated in modulating the removal of neutrophils recruited in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Nonetheless, the clinical significance and biological mechanism of neutrophil-related PCD remain unexplored. METHODS We employed an integrative machine learning-based computational framework to generate a predictive neutrophil-derived PCD signature (NPCDS) within five independent microarray cohorts from the peripheral blood of AMI patients. Non-negative matrix factorization was leveraged to develop an NPCDS-based AMI subtype. To elucidate the biological mechanism underlying NPCDS, we implemented single-cell transcriptomics on Cd45+ cells isolated from the murine heart of experimental AMI. We finally conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study and molecular docking to investigate the therapeutic value of NPCDS on AMI. RESULTS We reported the robust and superior performance of NPCDS in AMI prediction, which contributed to an optimal combination of random forest and stepwise regression fitted on nine neutrophil-related PCD genes (MDM2, PTK2B, MYH9, IVNS1ABP, MAPK14, GNS, MYD88, TLR2, CFLAR). Two divergent NPCDS-based subtypes of AMI were revealed, in which subtype 1 was characterized as inflammation-activated with more vibrant neutrophil activities, whereas subtype 2 demonstrated the opposite. Mechanically, we unveiled the expression dynamics of NPCDS to regulate neutrophil transformation from a pro-inflammatory phase to an anti-inflammatory phase in AMI. We uncovered a significant causal association between genetic predisposition towards MDM2 expression and the risk of AMI. We also found that lidoflazine, isotetrandrine, and cepharanthine could stably target MDM2. CONCLUSION Altogether, NPCDS offers significant implications for prediction, stratification, and therapeutic management for AMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Zhu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
- Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-Gang Special Area, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peshkova AD, Weisel JW, Litvinov RI. A novel technique to quantify the kinetics of blood clot contraction based on the expulsion of fluorescently labeled albumin into serum. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:1742-1748. [PMID: 38401713 PMCID: PMC11139561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The platelet-driven contraction or retraction of blood clots has been utilized to obtain blood serum for laboratory studies, but now, in vitro clot contraction assays are used in research laboratories and clinics to assess platelet functionality. The static final extent of clot contraction measured using a clot size or expelled serum volume can be supplemented substantially with a dynamic analysis. OBJECTIVES To provide a step-by-step protocol for a relatively simple and affordable new automated methodology to follow the kinetics of blood clot contraction, which allows for simultaneous measurements of various samples at a time and requires only a fluorescence plate reader. METHODS The kinetics of clot contraction in whole blood was assessed by continuously detecting the fluorescence intensity of fluorescein isothiocyanate-albumin added to a blood sample before clotting and expelled into the serum during clot shrinkage. RESULTS The clots are formed and fluorescence is measured in the wells of a black multiwell plate using a standard plate fluorescent reader. The specificity of this technique for clot contraction has been demonstrated by the strong inhibitory effects of blebbistatin, latrunculin A, and abciximab. To validate the new technique, increased fluorescence intensity in the contracting clots was measured in parallel with a visual decrease in clot size performed with the same blood samples. CONCLUSION The resulting clot contraction dynamics based on the expulsion of fluorescein isothiocyanate-albumin can be quantified using a number of kinetic parameters as well as a phase kinetics analysis. The advantages and drawbacks of the new technique are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina D Peshkova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John W Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rustem I Litvinov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim OV, Litvinov RI, Gagne AL, French DL, Brass LF, Weisel JW. Megakaryocyte-induced contraction of plasma clots: cellular mechanisms and structural mechanobiology. Blood 2024; 143:548-560. [PMID: 37944157 PMCID: PMC11033616 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nonmuscle cell contractility is an essential feature underlying diverse cellular processes such as motility, morphogenesis, division and genome replication, intracellular transport, and secretion. Blood clot contraction is a well-studied process driven by contracting platelets. Megakaryocytes (MKs), which are the precursors to platelets, can be found in bone marrow and lungs. Although they express many of the same proteins and structures found in platelets, little is known about their ability to engage with extracellular proteins such as fibrin and contract. Here, we have measured the ability of MKs to compress plasma clots. Megakaryocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were suspended in human platelet-free blood plasma and stimulated with thrombin. Using real-time macroscale optical tracking, confocal microscopy, and biomechanical measurements, we found that activated iPSC-derived MKs (iMKs) caused macroscopic volumetric clot shrinkage, as well as densification and stiffening of the fibrin network via fibrin-attached plasma membrane protrusions undergoing extension-retraction cycles that cause shortening and bending of fibrin fibers. Contraction induced by iMKs involved 2 kinetic phases with distinct rates and durations. It was suppressed by inhibitors of nonmuscle myosin IIA, actin polymerization, and integrin αIIbβ3-fibrin interactions, indicating that the molecular mechanisms of iMK contractility were similar or identical to those in activated platelets. Our findings provide new insights into MK biomechanics and suggest that iMKs can be used as a model system to study platelet contractility. Physiologically, the ability of MKs to contract plasma clots may play a role in the mechanical remodeling of intravascular blood clots and thrombi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V. Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Rustem I. Litvinov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alyssa L. Gagne
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Deborah L. French
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lawrence F. Brass
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John W. Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lassila R, Weisel JW. Role of red blood cells in clinically relevant bleeding tendencies and complications. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:3024-3032. [PMID: 37210074 PMCID: PMC10949759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The multiple roles of red blood cells (RBCs) are often neglected as contributors in hemostasis and thrombosis. Proactive opportunities to increase RBC numbers, either acutely or subacutely in the case of iron deficiency, are critical as RBCs are the cellular elements that initiate hemostasis together with platelets and stabilize fibrin and clot structure. RBCs also possess several functional properties to assist hemostasis: releasing platelet agonists, promoting shear force-induced von Willebrand factor unfolding, procoagulant capacity, and binding to fibrin. Additionally, blood clot contraction is important to compress RBCs to form a tightly packed array of polyhedrocytes, making an impermeable seal for hemostasis. All these functions are important for patients having intrinsically poor capacity to cease bleeds (ie, hemostatic disorders) but, conversely, can also play a role in thrombosis if these RBC-mediated reactions overshoot. One acquired example of bleeding with anemia is in patients treated with anticoagulants and/or antithrombotic medication because upon initiation of these drugs, baseline anemia doubles the risk of bleeding complications and mortality. Also, anemia is a risk factor for reoccurring gastrointestinal and urogenital bleeds, pregnancy, and delivery complications. This review summarizes the clinically relevant properties and profiles of RBCs at various steps of platelet adhesion, aggregation, thrombin generation, and fibrin formation, including both structural and functional elements. Regarding patient blood management guidelines, they support minimizing transfusions, but this approach does not deal with severe inherited and acquired bleeding disorders where a poor hemostatic propensity is exacerbated by limited RBC availability, for which future guidance will be needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riitta Lassila
- Research Program Unit in Systems Oncology, Oncosys, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Coagulation Disorders Unit, Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - John W Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|