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Dare A, Chen SY. Adipsin in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 154:107270. [PMID: 38114042 PMCID: PMC10939892 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Adipsin is an adipokine predominantly synthesized in adipose tissues and released into circulation. It is also known as complement factor-D (CFD), acting as the rate-limiting factor in the alternative complement pathway and exerting essential functions on the activation of complement system. The deficiency of CFD in humans is a very rare condition. However, complement overactivation has been implicated in the etiology of numerous disorders, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Increased circulating level of adipsin has been reported to promote vascular derangements, systemic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Prospective and case-control studies showed that this adipokine is directly associated with all-cause death and rehospitalization in patients with coronary artery disease. Adipsin has also been implicated in pulmonary arterial hypertension, abdominal aortic aneurysm, pre-eclampsia, and type-2 diabetes which is a major risk factor for CVD. Importantly, serum adipsin has been recognized as a unique prognostic marker for assessing cardiovascular diseases. At present, there is paucity of experimental evidence about the precise role of adipsin in the etiology of CVD. However, this mini review provides some insight on the contribution of adipsin in the pathogenesis of CVD and highlights its role on endothelial, smooth muscle and immune cells that mediate cardiovascular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayobami Dare
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; The Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Piao C, Zhang WM, Deng J, Zhou M, Liu TT, Zheng S, Jia LX, Song WC, Liu Y, Du J. Activation of the alternative complement pathway modulates inflammation in thoracic aortic aneurysm/dissection. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C647-C658. [PMID: 38189133 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00210.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm/dissection (TAAD) is a lethal vascular disease, and several pathological factors participate in aortic medial degeneration. We previously discovered that the complement C3a-C3aR axis in smooth muscle cells promotes the development of thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) through regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2. However, discerning the specific complement pathway that is activated and elucidating how inflammation of the aortic wall is initiated remain unknown. We ascertained that the plasma levels of C3a and C5a were significantly elevated in patients with TAD and that the levels of C3a, C4a, and C5a were higher in acute TAD than in chronic TAD. We also confirmed the activation of the complement in a TAD mouse model. Subsequently, knocking out Cfb (Cfb) or C4 in mice with TAD revealed that the alternative pathway and Cfb played a significant role in the TAD process. Activation of the alternative pathway led to generation of the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, and knocking out their receptors reduced the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the aortic wall. Moreover, we used serum from wild-type mice or recombinant mice Cfb as an exogenous source of Cfb to treat Cfb KO mice and observed that it exacerbated the onset and rupture of TAD. Finally, we knocked out Cfb in the FBN1C1041G/+ Marfan-syndrome mice and showed that the occurrence of TAA was reduced. In summary, the alternative complement pathway promoted the development of TAAD by recruiting infiltrating inflammatory cells. Targeting the alternative pathway may thus constitute a strategy for preventing the development of TAAD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The alternative complement pathway promoted the development of TAAD by recruiting infiltrating inflammatory cells. Targeting the alternative pathway may thus constitute a strategy for preventing the development of TAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Piao
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Mei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Deng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zheng
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Xin Jia
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Chao Song
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
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