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Masuku M, Nure JF, Atagana HI, Hlongwa N, Nkambule TTI. Pinecone biochar for the Adsorption of chromium (VI) from wastewater: Kinetics, thermodynamics, and adsorbent regeneration. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 258:119423. [PMID: 38889839 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
High concentration of chromium in aquatic environments is the trigger for researchers to remediate it from wastewater environments. However, conventional water treatment methods have not been satisfactory in removing chromium from water and wastewater over the last decade. Similarly, many adsorption studies have been focused on one aspect of the treatment, but this study dealt with all aspects of adsorption packages to come up with a concrete conclusion. Therefore, this study aimed to prepare pinecone biochar (PBC) via pyrolysis and apply it for Cr(VI) removal from wastewater. The PBC was characterized using FTIR, SEM-EDX, BET surface area, pHpzc, Raman analyses, TGA, and XRD techniques. Chromium adsorption was studied under the influence of PBC dose, solution pH, initial Cr(VI) concentration, and contact time. The characteristics of PBC are illustrated by FTIR spectroscopic functional groups, XRD non-crystallite structure, SEM rough surface morphology, and high BET surface area125 m2/g, pore volume, 0.07 cm3/g, and pore size 1.4 nm. On the other hand, the maximum Cr (VI) adsorption of 69% was found at the experimental condition of pH 2, adsorbent dosage 0.25 mg/50 mL, initial Cr concentration 100 mg/L, and contact time of 120 min. Similarly, the experimental data were well-fitted with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm at R2 0.96 and the pseudo-second-order kinetics model at R2 0.99. This implies the adsorption process is mainly attributed to monolayer orientation between the adsorbent and adsorbate. In the thermodynamics study of adsorption, ΔG was found to be negative implying the adsorption process was feasible and spontaneous whereas the positive values of ΔH and ΔS indicated the adsorption process was endothermic and increasing the degree of randomness, respectively. Finally, adsorbent regeneration and reusability were successful up to three cycles. In conclusion, biochar surface modification and reusability improvements are urgently required before being applied at the pilot scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makhosazana Masuku
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Florida Science Campus, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jemal Fito Nure
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Florida Science Campus, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Harrison I Atagana
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Florida Science Campus, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ntuthuko Hlongwa
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Florida Science Campus, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thabo T I Nkambule
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Florida Science Campus, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Mohammed A, Mohammed C, Mautner A, Kistow M, Chaitram P, Bismarck A, Ward K. On the performance of Sargassum-derived calcium alginate ion exchange resins for Pb 2+ adsorption: batch and packed bed applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:31224-31239. [PMID: 38632197 PMCID: PMC11096254 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33314-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Driven by climate change and human activity, Sargassum blooming rates have intensified, producing copious amount of the invasive, pelagic seaweed across the Caribbean and Latin America. Battery recycling and lead-smelter wastes have heavily polluted the environment and resulted in acute lead poisoning in children through widespread heavy metal contamination particular in East Trinidad. Our study details a comprehensive investigation into the use of Sargassum (S. natans), as a potential resource-circular feedstock for the synthesis of calcium alginate beads utilized in heavy metal adsorption, both in batch and column experiments. Here, ionic cross-linking of extracted sodium alginate with calcium chloride was utilized to create functional ion-exchange beads. Given the low quality of alginates extracted from Sargassum which produce poor morphological beads, composite beads in conjunction with graphene oxide and acrylamide were used to improve fabrication. Stand-alone calcium alginate beads exhibited superior Pb2+ adsorption, with a capacity of 213 mg g-1 at 20 °C and pH 3.5, surpassing composite and commercial resins. Additives like acrylamide and graphene oxide in composite alginate resins led to a 21-40% decrease in Pb2+ adsorption due to reduced active sites. Column operations confirmed Alginate systems' practicality, with 20-24% longer operating times, 15 times lower adsorbent mass on scale-up and 206% smaller column diameters compared to commercial counterparts. Ultimately, this study advocates for Sargassum-based Alginate ion-exchange beads as a bio-based alternative in Trinidad and developing nations for dealing with heavy metal ion waste, offering superior heavy metal adsorption performance and supporting resource circularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akeem Mohammed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of West Indies St. Augustine, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Chantal Mohammed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of West Indies St. Augustine, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Andreas Mautner
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, 1180, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Materials Chemistry and Research, Polymer and Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matika Kistow
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of West Indies St. Augustine, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Pooran Chaitram
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of West Indies St. Augustine, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Alexander Bismarck
- Institute of Materials Chemistry and Research, Polymer and Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Keeran Ward
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering (SCAPE), University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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Wasilewska M, Derylo-Marczewska A, Marczewski AW. Comprehensive Studies of Adsorption Equilibrium and Kinetics for Selected Aromatic Organic Compounds on Activated Carbon. Molecules 2024; 29:2038. [PMID: 38731529 PMCID: PMC11085397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This work presents a comprehensive analysis of the adsorption of selected aromatic organic compounds on activated carbons. Both the equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption were studied using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The influence of a number of factors: pH, contact time, presence of an accompanying substance, adsorbate concentration, as well as the mass and size of adsorbent grains, on the adsorption process from aqueous solutions was investigated. Phenol, 2-nitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol and methylene blue (as an accompanying substance) were selected as adsorbates. GAC 1240W and RIAA activated carbons were used as adsorbents. The equilibrium data were analyzed using the generalized Langmuir isotherm equation (R2 = 0.912-0.996). Adsorption rate data were fitted using a multi-exponential kinetic equation (1 - R2 = (1.0 × 10-6)-(8.2 × 10-4)). As an additional parameter, the half-time was also used to present the influence of selected factors on the adsorption kinetics. An increase in the amount of adsorption was demonstrated with increasing contact time as well as with decreasing solution pH and adsorbent grain size. For selected systems, an increase in the adsorption rate was observed with increasing adsorbate concentration, adsorbent mass and at lower pH values. In some cases, the presence of an accompanying substance also resulted in an increase in adsorption kinetics. In the tested experimental systems, optimal conditions for adsorption were established (T = 298 K, pH = 2, contact time: 7 days, grain diameter: >0.5 mm and the ratio of the mass of the adsorbent to the volume of the adsorbate solution: 1 g/L). Additionally, the acid-base properties (potentiometric titration), morphology (SEM) and structure (TEM) of the used adsorbents were also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wasilewska
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Derylo-Marczewska
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
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Yang X, Liu D, He H, Zou J, Wang D, Zhang L, Tang Y. Preparation and characterization of EI-Co/Zr@AC and the mechanisms underlying its removal for atrazine in aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:5116-5131. [PMID: 38112872 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine, a widely used herbicide in agriculture, is detrimental to both the ecological environment and human health owing to its extensive use, poor degradability, and biotoxicity. The technology commonly used to remove atrazine from water is activated carbon adsorption, but it has the problems of difficult recovery, secondary contamination, and a low removal rate. To efficiently remove atrazine from agricultural wastewater, in this study, a new environmental material, embedding immobilization (EI)-Co- and Zr-modified activated carbon powder (Co/Zr@AC), was prepared by immobilizing the bimetallic Co/Zr@AC via EI technique and employed to remove atrazine. When preparing EI-Co/Zr@AC, the single-factor experiment was conducted and determined the optimal preparation conditions: sodium alginate 2.5% (wt), calcium chloride 4.0% (wt), Co/Zr@AC 1.0% (wt), and bentonite 2.0% (wt). The prepared EI-Co/Zr@AC has a three-dimensional mesh structure and many pores and also possesses good mass transfer performance and mechanical properties. The removal efficiency by EI-Co/Zr@AC for the removal of 5.0 mg/L atrazine from 50 mL was 94.1% at pH 7.0 and 25°C, with an EI-Co/Zr@AC dosage of 0.8 g. The mechanistic study showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model could describe the removal process better than the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, and the Freundlich isotherm model fit better than other isotherm models. Additionally, the synthesized EI-Co/Zr@AC spheres demonstrated good reusability, with the atrazine removal rate remaining 70.4% after five cycles, and the mechanical properties of the spheres were stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Danxia Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Huijun He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology for Science and Education Combined With Science and Technology Innovation Base, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jianmei Zou
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Dunqiu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology for Science and Education Combined With Science and Technology Innovation Base, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yiyan Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
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Oh S, Lee S, Lee G, Oh M. Boosted ability of ZIF-8 for early-stage adsorption and degradation of chemical warfare agent simulants. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6449-6457. [PMID: 38024321 PMCID: PMC10662003 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00807j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Efficient adsorption of hazardous substances from the environment is crucial owing to the considerable risks they pose to both humans and ecosystems. Consequently, the development of porous materials with strong adsorption capabilities for hazardous substances, such as chemical warfare agents (CWAs), is pivotal for safeguarding human lives. Specifically, the early-stage adsorption proficiency of the adsorbents plays a vital role in determining their effectiveness as ideal adsorbents. Herein, we report the efficient adsorption of CWA simulants using thermally treated ZIF-8 (T-ZIF-8). The T-ZIF-8 samples were prepared by subjecting ZIF-8 to a simple thermal treatment, which resulted in a more positive surface charge with extra open metal sites. Although the pore volume of T-ZIF-8 decreased after thermal treatment, the positive surface charge of T-ZIF-8 proved advantageous for the adsorption of the CWA simulants. As a result, the adsorption capacity of T-ZIF-8 for the CWA simulants improved compared to that of pure ZIF-8. Notably, T-ZIF-8 exhibited a remarkably enhanced adsorption ability in the early stage of exposure to the CWA simulants, possibly due to the effective polar interactions between T-ZIF-8 and the simulants via the electron-rich components within the CWA simulants. Moreover, the enhanced adsorption capacity of T-ZIF-8 led to the fast degradation of simulant compared to pure ZIF-8. T-ZIF-8 also demonstrated excellent stability over three adsorption cycles. These findings highlight that T-ZIF-8 is an outstanding material for the early-stage adsorption and degradation of CWA simulants, offering high effectiveness and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojin Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea +82-2-364-7050 +82-2-2123-5637
| | - Sujeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea +82-2-364-7050 +82-2-2123-5637
| | - Gihyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea +82-2-364-7050 +82-2-2123-5637
| | - Moonhyun Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea +82-2-364-7050 +82-2-2123-5637
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Yarahmadi A, Khani MH, Nasiri Zarandi M, Amini Y, Yadollahi A. Ce(III) and La(III) ions adsorption using Amberlite XAD-7 resin impregnated with DEHPA extractant: response surface methodology, isotherm and kinetic study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9959. [PMID: 37340031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the removal efficiency of Cerium (Ce(ΙΙΙ)) and lanthanum (La(ΙΙΙ)) ions from aqueous solution using Amberlite XAD-7 resin impregnated with DEHPA(XAD7-DEHPA) was studied in the batch system. The adsorbent ( XAD7-DEHPA) was characterized by SEM-EDX, FTIR and BET analysis Techniques. The response surface methodology based on the central composite design was applied to model and optimize the removal process and evaluate operating parameters like adsorbent dose (0.05-0.065), initial pH (2-6) and temperature (15-55). Variance analysis showed that the adsorbent dose, pH and temperature were the most effective parameters in the adsorption of Ce(ΙIΙ)and La(IΙI) respectively. The results showed that the optimum adsorption condition was achieved at pH = 6, the optimum amount of absorbent and the equilibrium time equal to 0.6 gr and 180 min, respectively. According to the results, the adsorption percentage of Ce(ΙIΙ) and La(ΙΙΙ) ions onto the aforementioned resin were 99.99% and 78.76% respectively. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and sips isotherm models were applied to describe the equilibrium data. From the results, Langmuir isotherm (R2 (Ce) = 0.999, R2 (La) = 0.998) was found to better correlate the experimental rate data. The maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent ( XAD7-DEHPA) for both Ce(IΙI) and La(III) was found to be 8.28 and 5.52 mg g-1 respectively. The kinetic data were fitted to pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and Intra particle diffusion models. Based on the results, the pseudo-first-order model and Intra particle diffusion model described the experimental data as well. In general, the results showed that ( XAD7-DEHPA) resin is an effective adsorbent for the removal of Ce(IΙI) and La(III) ions from aqueous solutions due to its high ability to selectively remove these metals as well as its reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Yarahmadi
- Department of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Khani
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O.BOX 11365-8486, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoud Nasiri Zarandi
- Department of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Younes Amini
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O.BOX 11365-8486, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Yadollahi
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O.BOX 11365-8486, Tehran, Iran
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