Application of problem based learning (PBL) and case based learning (CBL) in the teaching of international classification of diseases encoding

Application of PBL combined with CBL teaching method in clinical teaching of vascular surgery

As medical education evolves, Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Case-Based Learning (CBL) methodologies have emerged as vital pedagogical tools. This study aims to delve into the application and effectiveness of a hybrid PBL-CBL approach in clinical teaching for vascular surgery. By conducting a comparative analysis through concrete teaching practices, this research evaluates the impact on students' clinical knowledge retention, advancement in clinical reasoning skills, and proficiency in resolving real-world clinical challenges. The findings reveal that the integrated PBL-CBL methodology substantially enhances learning outcomes in vascular surgery clinical teaching, ultimately fostering significant development in students' comprehensive clinical abilities.

Nurses-Led Municipal Leadership and Governance Program: Experiences of Local Chief Executives in Central Visayas, Philippines

Background

The strategic response of nurses in addressing health inequities in marginal sectors led to the conduct of a health leadership governance training program for local chief executives.

Objective

This study aimed to explore and provide a description of the experiences of local chief executives (LCEs) or mayors who participated in the nurse-initiated health training named Municipal Leadership and Governance Program (MLGP).

Methods

A qualitative descriptive design was used through key informant interviews of fifteen mayors or local chief executives (LCE) in the provinces of Bohol and Negros Oriental, Philippines. Data were collected from 16 to 20 November 2022 and analyzed using a thematic approach.

Results

The findings generated six themes: a) Leadership capacitation promoting transformative experience, b) Pandemic and program-induced limitations in the training implementation, c) Personal leadership motivation, d) Experiential learning promoting learning as applied in real-world situations, e) Celebrating leadership transformation, and f) 3R's of MLGP: revisit, review, recommend.

Conclusion

The realizations of the training participants provided valuable implications for the quality of training offered by nurse leaders who advocated the MLGP implementation. It served as a proactive and responsive approach to the health leadership capacitation of mayors. It guided them in their personal realizations that inspired them to apply what they had learned and enabled them to effect experiences of personal to institutional transformation.

The Application of Problem-Based Learning Combined With Case-Based Learning in EEG Teaching

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to explore the application effectiveness and value of combining problem-based learning (PBL) and case-based learning (CBL) in clinical electroencephalography (EEG) education.

METHODS

A total of 104 standardized training for residents and refresher physicians from the Neurology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Neurology Department of Chongqing Yubei Hospital, and Neurology Department of Banan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were enrolled. According to randomization principles, 52 participants were assigned into the PBL-CBL combination group and 52 subjects were assigned into the control group. We used statistical methods to compare the differences between the 2 groups in basic theory, case analysis, practical assessment scores, and teaching satisfaction.

RESULTS

In terms of basic theory, case analysis, practical assessment scores, and teaching satisfaction, there were significant differences between the 2 groups, and the PBL-CBL combination group was superior to the control group (P < .05).

CONCLUSION

In clinical EEG education, the teaching model of combining PBL and CBL has certain application effects and value.

Digital PBL-CBL teaching method improves students' performance in learning complex implant cases in atrophic anterior maxilla

Background

The clinical teaching of esthetic implant-supported restoration of the atrophic maxilla is challenging due to the complexity and unpredictability of bone and soft tissue augmentation. The traditional problem-based learning and case-based learning method (PBL-CBL method) with a full digital workflow (digital PBL-CBL method) provides the students a chance to view clinical cases in a more accurate and measurable way. The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of the new digital PBL-CBL method in teaching complex implant cases in esthetic area.

Materials & Methods

A full digital workflow of dental implant therapy was established for patients with severely atrophic anterior maxilla. The digital data of cases done in the new workflow was used as teaching materials in digital PBL-CBL teaching. Fifty-four postgraduate students were randomly selected and divided into three groups, including traditional PBL-CBL group (students taught in a PBL-CBL method with no digital cases), digital PBL-CBL group (students taught in a PBL-CBL method with full digital cases) and control group (students taught in didactic teacher-centered method). After training for three months, a study of the students' opinions on the corresponding teaching method was carried out through a feedback questionnaire. A theory test was used to evaluate students' mastery of knowledge about tissue augmentation and esthetic implant restoration. A case analysis was used to determine whether students could apply the knowledge to problem solving.

Results

The digital PBL-CBL method resulted in a higher rate of satisfaction than the traditional PBL-CBL method and the didactic teacher-centered method in all items except for "This approach decreases extracurricular work". Case analysis scores of the digital PBL-CBL group were significantly higher than that of the traditional PBL-CBL group and the control group. For the theory test, the digital PBL-CBL group (61.00 ± 6.80) but not traditional PBL-CBL group (55.22 ± 9.86) obtained a significant higher score than the control group (45.11 ± 12.76), although no significant difference was found between the digital PBL-CBL group and the traditional PBL-CBL group.

Conclusion

Compared with other methods, students taught with the digital PBL-CBL method showed higher satisfaction and better performance in acquisition of academic knowledge and ability in solving practical clinical problems. The digital PBL-CBL method provided a promising alternative for teaching complex implant cases at the anterior maxilla.

Characterization of Information-Transmitting Materials Produced in Ionic Liquid-based Neuromorphic Electrochemical Devices for Physical Reservoir Computing

Device implementation of reservoir computing, which is expected to enable high-performance data processing in simple neural networks at a low computational cost, is an important technology to accelerate the use of artificial intelligence in the real-world edge computing domain. Here, we propose an ionic liquid-based physical reservoir device (IL-PRD), in which copper cations dissolved in an IL induce diverse electrochemical current responses. The origin of the electrochemical current from the IL-PRD was investigated spectroscopically in detail. After operating the device under various operating conditions, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the IL-PRD revealed that electrochemical reactions involving Cu, Cu2O, Cu(OH)2, CuSx, and H2O occur at the Pt electrode/IL interface. These products are considered information transmission materials in IL-PRD similar to neurotransmitters in biological neurons. By introducing the Faradaic current components due to the electrochemical reactions of these materials into the output signal of IL-PRD, we succeeded in improving the time-series data processing performance of the nonlinear autoregressive moving average task. In addition, the information processing efficiency in machine learning to classify electrocardiogram signal waveforms was successfully improved by using the output current from IL-PRD. Optimizing the electrochemical reaction products of IL-PRD is expected to advance data processing technology in society.