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Catalan EA, Seguel-Fuentes E, Fuentes B, Aranguiz-Varela F, Castillo-Godoy DP, Rivera-Asin E, Bocaz E, Fuentes JA, Bravo D, Schinnerling K, Melo-Gonzalez F. Oral Pathobiont-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles in the Oral-Gut Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:11141. [PMID: 39456922 PMCID: PMC11508520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252011141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Revised: 10/04/2024] [Accepted: 10/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral pathobionts are essential in instigating local inflammation within the oral cavity and contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases in the gastrointestinal tract and other distant organs. Among the Gram-negative pathobionts, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum emerge as critical drivers of periodontitis, exerting their influence not only locally but also as inducers of gut dysbiosis, intestinal disturbances, and systemic ailments. This dual impact is facilitated by their ectopic colonization of the intestinal mucosa and the subsequent mediation of distal systemic effects by releasing outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) into circulation. This review elucidates the principal components of oral pathobiont-derived OMVs implicated in disease pathogenesis within the oral-gut axis, detailing virulence factors that OMVs carry and their interactions with host epithelial and immune cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we shed light on the less acknowledged interplay between oral pathobionts and the gut commensal Akkermansia muciniphila, which can directly impede oral pathobionts' growth and modulate bacterial gene expression. Notably, OMVs derived from A. muciniphila emerge as promoters of anti-inflammatory effects within the gastrointestinal and distant tissues. Consequently, we explore the potential of A. muciniphila-derived OMVs to interact with oral pathobionts and prevent disease in the oral-gut axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A. Catalan
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (E.A.C.); (E.S.-F.); (B.F.); (F.A.-V.); (D.P.C.-G.); (E.R.-A.); (E.B.)
| | - Emilio Seguel-Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (E.A.C.); (E.S.-F.); (B.F.); (F.A.-V.); (D.P.C.-G.); (E.R.-A.); (E.B.)
| | - Brandon Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (E.A.C.); (E.S.-F.); (B.F.); (F.A.-V.); (D.P.C.-G.); (E.R.-A.); (E.B.)
| | - Felipe Aranguiz-Varela
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (E.A.C.); (E.S.-F.); (B.F.); (F.A.-V.); (D.P.C.-G.); (E.R.-A.); (E.B.)
| | - Daniela P. Castillo-Godoy
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (E.A.C.); (E.S.-F.); (B.F.); (F.A.-V.); (D.P.C.-G.); (E.R.-A.); (E.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Rivera-Asin
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (E.A.C.); (E.S.-F.); (B.F.); (F.A.-V.); (D.P.C.-G.); (E.R.-A.); (E.B.)
| | - Elisa Bocaz
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (E.A.C.); (E.S.-F.); (B.F.); (F.A.-V.); (D.P.C.-G.); (E.R.-A.); (E.B.)
| | - Juan A. Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile;
| | - Denisse Bravo
- Cellular Interactions Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile;
| | - Katina Schinnerling
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (E.A.C.); (E.S.-F.); (B.F.); (F.A.-V.); (D.P.C.-G.); (E.R.-A.); (E.B.)
| | - Felipe Melo-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (E.A.C.); (E.S.-F.); (B.F.); (F.A.-V.); (D.P.C.-G.); (E.R.-A.); (E.B.)
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Peregrino ES, Castañeda-Casimiro J, Vázquez-Flores L, Estrada-Parra S, Wong-Baeza C, Serafín-López J, Wong-Baeza I. The Role of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in the Immune Response to Pathogens, and Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6210. [PMID: 38892397 PMCID: PMC11172497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria have several mechanisms to evade the host's immune response and achieve an efficient infection. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a relevant cellular communication mechanism, since they can interact with other bacterial cells and with host cells. In this review, we focus on the EVs produced by some World Health Organization (WHO) priority Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria; by spore-producing bacteria; by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (a bacteria with a complex cell wall); and by Treponema pallidum (a bacteria without lipopolysaccharide). We describe the classification and the general properties of bacterial EVs, their role during bacterial infections and their effects on the host immune response. Bacterial EVs contain pathogen-associated molecular patterns that activate innate immune receptors, which leads to cytokine production and inflammation, but they also contain antigens that induce the activation of B and T cell responses. Understanding the many effects of bacterial EVs on the host's immune response can yield new insights on the pathogenesis of clinically important infections, but it can also lead to the development of EV-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In addition, since EVs are efficient activators of both the innate and the adaptive immune responses, they constitute a promising platform for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliud S. Peregrino
- Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (E.S.P.); (J.C.-C.)
| | - Jessica Castañeda-Casimiro
- Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (E.S.P.); (J.C.-C.)
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.E.-P.); (J.S.-L.)
| | - Luis Vázquez-Flores
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (L.V.-F.); (C.W.-B.)
| | - Sergio Estrada-Parra
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.E.-P.); (J.S.-L.)
| | - Carlos Wong-Baeza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (L.V.-F.); (C.W.-B.)
| | - Jeanet Serafín-López
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.E.-P.); (J.S.-L.)
| | - Isabel Wong-Baeza
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.E.-P.); (J.S.-L.)
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Ballesteros U, González-Ramirez EJ, de la Arada I, Sot J, Etxaniz A, Goñi FM, Alonso A, Montes LR. Effects of a N-Maleimide-derivatized Phosphatidylethanolamine on the Architecture and Properties of Lipid Bilayers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16570. [PMID: 38068893 PMCID: PMC10706405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
N-maleimide-derivatized phospholipids are often used to facilitate protein anchoring to membranes. In autophagy studies, this is applied to the covalent binding of Atg8, an autophagy protein, to a phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the nascent autophagosome. However, the question remains on how closely the N-maleimide PE derivative (PE-mal) mimicks the native PE in the bilayer. In the present paper, spectroscopic and calorimetric techniques have been applied to vesicles containing either PE or PE-mal (together with other phospholipids) to compare the properties of the native and derivatized forms of PE. According to differential scanning calorimetry, and to infrared spectroscopy, the presence of PE-mal did not perturb the fatty acyl chains in the bilayer. Fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy showed that PE-mal did not alter the bilayer permeability either. However, fluorescence emission polarization of the Laurdan and DPH probes indicated an increased order, or decreased fluidity, in the bilayers containing PE-mal. In addition, the infrared spectral data from the phospholipid phosphate region revealed a PE-mal-induced conformational change in the polar heads, accompanied by increased hydration. Globally considered, the results suggest that PE-mal would be a reasonable substitute for PE in model membranes containing reconstituted proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Félix M. Goñi
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (U.B.); (E.J.G.-R.); (I.d.l.A.); (J.S.); (A.E.); (A.A.); (L.R.M.)
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