1
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Zhang K, Cao A, Wandall LH, Vernieres J, Kibsgaard J, Nørskov JK, Chorkendorff I. Spin-mediated promotion of Co catalysts for ammonia synthesis. Science 2024; 383:1357-1363. [PMID: 38513006 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, there has been growing interest in developing catalysts to enable Haber-Bosch ammonia synthesis under milder conditions than currently pertain. Rational catalyst design requires theoretical guidance and clear mechanistic understanding. Recently, a spin-mediated promotion mechanism was proposed to activate traditionally unreactive magnetic materials such as cobalt (Co) for ammonia synthesis by introducing hetero metal atoms bound to the active site of the catalyst surface. We combined theory and experiment to validate this promotion mechanism on a lanthanum (La)/Co system. By conducting model catalyst studies on Co single crystals and mass-selected Co nanoparticles at ambient pressure, we identified the active site for ammonia synthesis as the B5 site of Co steps with La adsorption. The turnover frequency of 0.47 ± 0.03 per second achieved on the La/Co system at 350°C and 1 bar surpasses those of other model catalysts tested under identical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ang Cao
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lau Halkier Wandall
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jerome Vernieres
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jakob Kibsgaard
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens K Nørskov
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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2
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Li J, Xiong Q, Mu X, Li L. Recent Advances in Ammonia Synthesis: From Haber-Bosch Process to External Field Driven Strategies. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202301775. [PMID: 38469618 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Ammonia, a pivotal chemical feedstock and a potential hydrogen energy carrier, demands efficient synthesis as a key step in its utilization. The traditional Haber-Bosch process, known for its high energy consumption, has spurred researchers to seek ammonia synthesis under milder conditions. Advances in surface science and characterization technologies have deepened our understanding of the microscopic reaction mechanisms of ammonia synthesis. This article concentrates on gas-solid phase ammonia synthesis, initially exploring the latest breakthroughs and improvements in thermal catalytic synthesis. Building on this, it especially focuses on emerging external field-driven alternatives, such as photocatalysis, photothermal catalysis, and low-temperature plasma catalysis strategies. The paper concludes by discussing the future prospects and objectives of nitrogen fixation technologies. This comprehensive review is intended to provide profound insights for overcoming the inherent thermodynamic and kinetic constraints in traditional ammonia synthesis, thereby fostering a shift towards "green ammonia" production and significantly reducing the energy footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Qingchuan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P. R. China
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3
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Guan Y, Wen H, Cui K, Wang Q, Gao W, Cai Y, Cheng Z, Pei Q, Li Z, Cao H, He T, Guo J, Chen P. Light-driven ammonia synthesis under mild conditions using lithium hydride. Nat Chem 2024; 16:373-379. [PMID: 38228852 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Photon-driven chemical processes are usually mediated by oxides, nitrides and sulfides whose photo-conversion efficiency is limited by charge carrier recombination. Here we show that lithium hydride undergoes photolysis upon ultraviolet illumination to yield long-lived photon-generated electrons residing in hydrogen vacancies, known as F centres. We demonstrate that photon-driven dehydrogenation and dark rehydrogenation over lithium hydride can be fulfilled reversibly at room temperature, which is about 600 K lower than the corresponding thermal process. As light-driven F centre generation could provide an alternative approach to charge carrier separation to favour chemical transformations that are kinetically or thermodynamically challenging, we show that light-activated lithium hydride cleaves the N≡N triple bond to form a N-H bond under mild conditions. Co-feeding a N2/H2 mixture with low H2 partial pressure leads to photocatalytic ammonia formation at near ambient conditions. This work provides insights into the development of advanced materials and processes for light harvesting and conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqin Guan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Center of Materials and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Kaixun Cui
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Qianru Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Center of Materials and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Gao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Center of Materials and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongli Cai
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Center of Materials and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zibo Cheng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Qijun Pei
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Center of Materials and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Hujun Cao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Center of Materials and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Teng He
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Center of Materials and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
- Center of Materials and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
- Center of Materials and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian, China.
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4
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Back S, Aspuru-Guzik A, Ceriotti M, Gryn'ova G, Grzybowski B, Gu GH, Hein J, Hippalgaonkar K, Hormázabal R, Jung Y, Kim S, Kim WY, Moosavi SM, Noh J, Park C, Schrier J, Schwaller P, Tsuda K, Vegge T, von Lilienfeld OA, Walsh A. Accelerated chemical science with AI. DIGITAL DISCOVERY 2024; 3:23-33. [PMID: 38239898 PMCID: PMC10793638 DOI: 10.1039/d3dd00213f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
In light of the pressing need for practical materials and molecular solutions to renewable energy and health problems, to name just two examples, one wonders how to accelerate research and development in the chemical sciences, so as to address the time it takes to bring materials from initial discovery to commercialization. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based techniques, in particular, are having a transformative and accelerating impact on many if not most, technological domains. To shed light on these questions, the authors and participants gathered in person for the ASLLA Symposium on the theme of 'Accelerated Chemical Science with AI' at Gangneung, Republic of Korea. We present the findings, ideas, comments, and often contentious opinions expressed during four panel discussions related to the respective general topics: 'Data', 'New applications', 'Machine learning algorithms', and 'Education'. All discussions were recorded, transcribed into text using Open AI's Whisper, and summarized using LG AI Research's EXAONE LLM, followed by revision by all authors. For the broader benefit of current researchers, educators in higher education, and academic bodies such as associations, publishers, librarians, and companies, we provide chemistry-specific recommendations and summarize the resulting conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoin Back
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute of Emergent Materials, Sogang University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Departments of Chemistry, Computer Science, University of Toronto St. George Campus Toronto ON Canada
- Acceleration Consortium and Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence Toronto ON M5S 1M1 Canada
| | - Michele Ceriotti
- Laboratory of Computational Science and Modeling (COSMO), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Ganna Gryn'ova
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS gGmbH) 69118 Heidelberg Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Bartosz Grzybowski
- Center for Algorithmic and Robotized Synthesis (CARS), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Ulsan Republic of Korea
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Ho Gu
- Department of Energy Engineering, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH) Naju 58330 Republic of Korea
| | - Jason Hein
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Kedar Hippalgaonkar
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research 2 Fusionopolis Way, 08-03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | | | - Yousung Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Daejeon Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Seonah Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University 1301 Center Avenue Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Woo Youn Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Seyed Mohamad Moosavi
- Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - Juhwan Noh
- Chemical Data-Driven Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Joshua Schrier
- Department of Chemistry, Fordham University The Bronx NY 10458 USA
| | - Philippe Schwaller
- Laboratory of Artificial Chemical Intelligence (LIAC) & National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Koji Tsuda
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba 277-8561 Japan
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project Tokyo 103-0027 Japan
| | - Tejs Vegge
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark 301 Anker Engelunds vej, Kongens Lyngby Copenhagen 2800 Denmark
| | - O Anatole von Lilienfeld
- Acceleration Consortium and Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence Toronto ON M5S 1M1 Canada
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and Physics, University of Toronto, St George Campus Toronto ON Canada
- Machine Learning Group, Technische Universität Berlin and Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data 10587 Berlin Germany
| | - Aron Walsh
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Physics, Ewha Women's University Seoul Republic of Korea
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5
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Fu E, Gong F, Wang S, Xiao R. Chemical Looping Technology in Mild-Condition Ammonia Production: A Comprehensive Review and Analysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305095. [PMID: 37653614 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is an efficient and clean hydrogen carrier that promises to tackle the increasing energy and environmental problems. However, more than 90% of ammonia is produced by the Haber-Bosch process, and its enormous energy consumption and CO2 emissions require the development of novel alternatives. Chemical looping technology can decouple the one-step ammonia synthesis reaction into separated nitridation and hydrogenation processes at atmospheric pressure, thereby achieving the mild ammonia synthesis based on renewable energy. The strategy of stepwise reactions circumvents the problem of competing adsorption of N2 and H2 /H2 O at the active sites and provides additive freedom for optimal regulation of sub-reactions. This review introduces the concept and mechanism of chemical looping ammonia production (CLAP), and comprehensively summarizes the state-of-art research from the perspective of reaction pathways and nitrogen carriers. The challenges faced by CLAP and strategies to address them in terms of nitrogen carriers, methods, equipment, and technological processes are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gong
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Sijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
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6
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Su K, Huang D, Fang H, Zhou Y, Qi H, Ni J, Zheng L, Lin J, Wang X, Jiang L. Boosting N 2 Conversion into NH 3 over Ru Catalysts via Modulating the Ru-Promoter Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38015642 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Promoters are indispensable components of Ru-based catalysts to promote N2 activation in ammonia (NH3) synthesis. The rational addition and regulation of promoters play a critical role in affecting the NH3 synthesis rate. In this work, we report a simple method by altering the loading sequence of Ba and Ru species to modulate the Ru-promoter interface, thus significantly boosting the NH3 synthesis rate. The Ba-Ru/GC BM catalyst via the prior loading of Ba rather than Ru over graphitic carbon (GC) exhibits a high NH3 synthesis rate of 18.7 mmol gcat-1 h-1 at 400 °C and 1 MPa, which is 2.5 times that of the Ru-Ba/GC BM catalyst via the conventional prior loading of Ru rather than Ba on GC. Our studies reveal that the prior loading of Ba benefits the high dispersion of the basic Ba promoter over an electron-withdrawing GC support, and then Ba species serve as structural promoters to stabilize Ru with small particle sizes, which exposes more active sites for N2 activation. Additionally, the intimate Ba and Ru interface enables facile electron donation from Ba to Ru sites, thus accelerating N2 dissociation to realize efficient NH3 synthesis. This work provides a simple approach to modulating the Ru-promoter interface and maximizing promoter utilization to enhance NH3 synthesis performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Su
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Dongya Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Hongpeng Fang
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yanliang Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Haifeng Qi
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Jun Ni
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Jianxin Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xiuyun Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Lilong Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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7
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Wang R, Gao W, Feng S, Guan Y, Wang Q, Guo J, Chen P. Zn Promotes Chemical Looping Ammonia Synthesis Mediated by LiH-Li 2 NH Couple. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300813. [PMID: 37461801 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemical looping ammonia synthesis (CLAS) is a promising alternative route to ammonia production because of its advantages of avoiding competitive adsorption of N2 and hydrogen source (H2 O or H2 ) and intervening the scaling relations in the catalytic process. Our previous studies showed that NH3 can be synthesized at low temperatures via a CLAS mediated by an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydride-imide couple with the aid of transition metal catalysts. Herein, we demonstrate that a group-IIB metal Zn, which has rarely been studied in the thermal-catalytic process, can significantly promote the performance of the lithium hydride-lithium imide (LiH-Li2 NH)-mediated CLAS process (denoted as Zn-LiH-Li2 NH). The addition of Zn dramatically changes the reaction pathway of the LiH-Li2 NH mediated loop by forming a series of intermediates including Li2 NH, lithium zinc intermetallic compounds (LiZnx ), and a ternary metal nitride (LiZnN). LiZnN together with Li2 NH functions as nitrogen carrier in the Zn-LiH-Li2 NH-mediated CLAS. Because of these properties, the kinetics of N2 fixation is significantly enhanced with a reduction in apparent activation energy from 102 kJ mol-1 to 50 kJ mol-1 . The ammonia production rate reaches 956 μmol g-1 h-1 at 350 °C, which is 19 times higher than that of the neat LiH-Li2 NH-mediated CLAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Gao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Feng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yeqin Guan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qianru Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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8
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Cao Y, Toshcheva E, Almaksoud W, Ahmad R, Tsumori T, Rai R, Tang Y, Cavallo L, Kageyama H, Kobayashi Y. Ammonia Synthesis via an Associative Mechanism on Alkaline Earth Metal Sites of Ca 3 CrN 3 H. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300234. [PMID: 37114507 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Typically, transition metals are considered as the centers for the activation of dinitrogen. Here we demonstrate that the nitride hydride compound Ca3 CrN3 H, with robust ammonia synthesis activity, can activate dinitrogen through active sites where calcium provides the primary coordination environment. DFT calculations also reveal that an associative mechanism is favorable, distinct from the dissociative mechanism found in traditional Ru or Fe catalysts. This work shows the potential of alkaline earth metal hydride catalysts and other related 1 D hydride/electrides for ammonia synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8510, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ekaterina Toshcheva
- Chemistry Program, KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid Almaksoud
- Chemistry Program, KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafia Ahmad
- Chemistry Program, KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tatsuya Tsumori
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8510, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rohit Rai
- Chemistry Program, KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ya Tang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, 200444, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Chemistry Program, KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiroshi Kageyama
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8510, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoji Kobayashi
- Chemistry Program, KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Gu H, Li J, Niu X, Lin J, Chen LW, Zhang Z, Shi Z, Sun Z, Liu Q, Zhang P, Yan W, Wang Y, Zhang L, Li P, Li X, Wang D, Yin P, Chen W. Symmetry-Breaking p-Block Antimony Single Atoms Trigger N-Bridged Titanium Sites for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction with High Efficiency. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21838-21849. [PMID: 37909679 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) under mild conditions emerges as a promising approach to produce ammonia (NH3) compared to the typical Haber-Bosch process. Herein, we design an asymmetrically coordinated p-block antimony single-atom catalyst immobilized on nitrogen-doped Ti3C2Tx (Sb SA/N-Ti3C2Tx) for eNRR, which exhibits ultrahigh NH3 yield (108.3 μg h-1 mgcat-1) and excellent Faradaic efficiency (41.2%) at -0.3 V vs RHE. Complementary in situ spectroscopies with theoretical calculations reveal that the nitrogen-bridged two titanium atoms triggered by an adjacent asymmetrical Sb-N1C2 moiety act as the active sites for facilitating the protonation of the rate-determining step from *N2 to *N2H and the kinetic conversion of key intermediates during eNRR. Moreover, the introduction of Sb-N1C2 promotes the formation of oxygen vacancies to expose more titanium sites. This work presents a strategy for single-atom-decorated ultrathin two-dimensional materials with the aim of simultaneously enhancing NH3 yield and Faradaic efficiency for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Gu
- Energy & Catalysis Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiani Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiangfu Niu
- School of Vehicle and Mobility, Center for Combustion Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Li-Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zedong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ziqian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiyi Sun
- Energy & Catalysis Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wensheng Yan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facilities, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Vehicle and Mobility, Center for Combustion Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, School of chemistry and chemical engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Penggang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Energy & Catalysis Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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10
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Gao Z, Mu X, Xiong Q, Li L. Li-intercalated CeO 2 as an ideal substrate for boosting ammonia synthesis. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15334-15337. [PMID: 37387621 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01457f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a Li-intercalated-CeO2 catalyst that exhibits outstanding activity for ammonia synthesis. The incorporation of Li significantly reduces the activation energy and suppresses hydrogen poisoning of the Ru co-catalysts. As a result, the lithium intercalation enables the catalyst to achieve ammonia production from N2 and H2 at substantially lower operating temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaowei Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Qingchuan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
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11
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Li Z, Lu Y, Li J, Xu M, Qi Y, Park SW, Kitano M, Hosono H, Chen JS, Ye TN. Multiple reaction pathway on alkaline earth imide supported catalysts for efficient ammonia synthesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6373. [PMID: 37821432 PMCID: PMC10567757 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The tunability of reaction pathways is required for exploring efficient and low cost catalysts for ammonia synthesis. There is an obstacle by the limitations arising from scaling relation for this purpose. Here, we demonstrate that the alkali earth imides (AeNH) combined with transition metal (TM = Fe, Co and Ni) catalysts can overcome this difficulty by utilizing functionalities arising from concerted role of active defects on the support surface and loaded transition metals. These catalysts enable ammonia production through multiple reaction pathways. The reaction rate of Co/SrNH is as high as 1686.7 mmol·gCo-1·h-1 and the TOFs reaches above 500 h-1 at 400 °C and 0.9 MPa, outperforming other reported Co-based catalysts as well as the benchmark Cs-Ru/MgO catalyst and industrial wüstite-based Fe catalyst under the same reaction conditions. Experimental and theoretical results show that the synergistic effect of nitrogen affinity of 3d TMs and in-situ formed NH2- vacancy of alkali earth imides regulate the reaction pathways of the ammonia production, resulting in distinct catalytic performance different from 3d TMs. It was thus demonstrated that the appropriate combination of metal and support is essential for controlling the reaction pathway and realizing highly active and low cost catalysts for ammonia synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichuang Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yangfan Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Miao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Power Sources, Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources, Shanghai, 200245, China
| | - Yanpeng Qi
- School of Physical Science and Technology Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Sang-Won Park
- Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kitano
- Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Hideo Hosono
- Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Jie-Sheng Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tian-Nan Ye
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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12
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Yu Y, Jiang J, Hua L, Xu Y, Chen C, Chen Y, Li H. Manipulation of Ion Conversion in Dichloromethane-Enhanced Vacuum Ultraviolet Photoionization Mass Spectrometry of Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12940-12947. [PMID: 37582208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The ion conversion processes in CH2Cl2-enhanced vacuum ultraviolet photoionization of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) have been systematically studied by regulating the pressure, humidity, and reaction time in the ionization source of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. As the ionization source pressure increased from 100 to 1100 Pa, the main characteristic ions changed from CH2Cl+ to CH2Cl+(H2O), CH2OH+, and C2H4OH+ and then to the hydrated hydronium ions H3O+(H2O)n (n = 1, 2, 3). The total ion current (TIC) almost remained unchanged even if the humidity increased from 44 to 3120 ppmv, indicating interconversion between ions through ion-molecule reactions. The intensity of protonated methanol/ethanol (sample S) ion was almost linearly correlated with the intensity of H3O+(H2O)n, which pointed to the proton transfer reaction (PTR) mechanism. The reaction time was regulated by the electric field strength in the ionization region. The intensity variation trends of different ions with the reaction time indicated that a series of step-by-step ion-molecule reactions occurred in the ionization source, i.e., the primary ion CH2Cl+ reacted with H2O and converted to the intermediate product ions CH2OH+ and C2H4OH+, which then further reacted with H2O and led to the production of H3O+, and finally, the protonated sample ion SH+ was obtained through PTR with H3O+, as the ion-molecule reactions progressed. This study provides valuable insights into understanding the formation mechanism of some unexpected intermediate product ions and hydrated hydronium ions in dopant-enhanced VUV photoionization and also helps to optimize experimental conditions to enhance the sensitivity of OVOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry Technology and Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jichun Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry Technology and Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hua
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry Technology and Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqian Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry Technology and Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry Technology and Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry Technology and Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry Technology and Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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13
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Wang Y, Yin H, Dong F, Zhao X, Qu Y, Wang L, Peng Y, Wang D, Fang W, Li J. N-Coordinated Cu-Ni Dual-Single-Atom Catalyst for Highly Selective Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrate to Ammonia. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207695. [PMID: 36793161 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As a traditional method of ammonia (NH3 ) synthesis, Haber-Bosch method expends a vast amount of energy. An alternative route for NH3 synthesis is proposed from nitrate (NO3 - ) via electrocatalysis. However, the structure-activity relationship remains challenging and requires in-depth research both experimentally and theoretically. Here an N-coordinated Cu-Ni dual-single-atom catalyst anchored in N-doped carbon (Cu/Ni-NC) is reported, which has competitive activity with a maximal NH3 Faradaic efficiency of 97.28%. Detailed characterizations demonstrate that the high activity of Cu/Ni-NC mainly comes from the contribution of Cu-Ni dual active sites. That is, (1) the electron transfer (Ni → Cu) reveals the strong electron interaction of Cu-Ni dual-single-atom; (2) the strong hybridizations of Cu 3d-and Ni 3d-O 2p orbitals of NO3 - can accelerate electron transfer from Cu-Ni dual-site to NO3 - ; (3) Cu/Ni-NC can effectively decrease the rate-limiting step barriers, suppress N-N coupling for N2 O and N2 formation and hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Yin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Feng Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhao
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yakun Qu
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yue Peng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Wei Fang
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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14
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Jiang Y, Takashima R, Nakao T, Miyazaki M, Lu Y, Sasase M, Niwa Y, Abe H, Kitano M, Hosono H. Boosted Activity of Cobalt Catalysts for Ammonia Synthesis with BaAl 2O 4-xH y Electrides. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10669-10680. [PMID: 37129031 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrides are promising support materials to promote transition metal catalysts for ammonia synthesis due to their strong electron-donating ability. Cobalt (Co) is an alternative non-noble metal catalyst to ruthenium in ammonia synthesis; however, it is difficult to achieve acceptable activity at low temperatures due to the weak Co-N interaction. Here, we report a novel oxyhydride electride, BaAl2O4-xHy, that can significantly promote ammonia synthesis over Co (500 mmol gCo-1 h-1 at 340 °C and 0.90 MPa) with a very low activation energy (49.6 kJ mol-1; 260-360 °C), which outperforms the state-of-the-art Co-based catalysts, being comparable to the latest Ru catalyst at 300 °C. BaAl2O4-xHy with a stuffed tridymite structure has interstitial cage sites where anionic electrons are accommodated. The surface of BaAl2O4-xHy with very low work functions (1.7-2.6 eV) can donate electrons strongly to Co, which largely facilitates N2 reduction into ammonia with the aid of the lattice H- ions. The stuffed tridymite structure of BaAl2O4-xHy with a three-dimensional AlO4-based tetrahedral framework has great chemical stability and protects the accommodated electrons and H- ions from oxidation, leading to robustness toward the ambient atmosphere and good reusability, which is a significant advantage over the reported hydride-based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Jiang
- MDX Research Center for Element Strategy, International Research Frontiers Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ryu Takashima
- MDX Research Center for Element Strategy, International Research Frontiers Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakao
- MDX Research Center for Element Strategy, International Research Frontiers Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Miyazaki
- MDX Research Center for Element Strategy, International Research Frontiers Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yangfan Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Masato Sasase
- MDX Research Center for Element Strategy, International Research Frontiers Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Niwa
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization,Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Abe
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization,Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kitano
- MDX Research Center for Element Strategy, International Research Frontiers Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hideo Hosono
- MDX Research Center for Element Strategy, International Research Frontiers Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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15
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Guo Q, Qin C, Guo J, Chen P. Selective hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene by alkali-metal palladium complex hydrides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2259-2262. [PMID: 36728483 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc07080d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A series of alkali-metal palladium complex hydrides have been shown to be catalytically active and selective for partial hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene. The complex hydrides differ in composition, structure, and catalytic function as compared to the conventional Pd metal or alloy catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chao Qin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ping Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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16
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Guan Y, Liu C, Wang Q, Gao W, Hansen HA, Guo J, Vegge T, Chen P. Transition‐Metal‐Free Barium Hydride Mediates Dinitrogen Fixation and Ammonia Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205805. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeqin Guan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chuangwei Liu
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China
| | - Qianru Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wenbo Gao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Heine Anton Hansen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Jianping Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Tejs Vegge
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Ping Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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17
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Pereira RL, Hu W, Metcalfe IS. Impact of Gas-Solid Reaction Thermodynamics on the Performance of a Chemical Looping Ammonia Synthesis Process. ENERGY & FUELS : AN AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 2022; 36:9757-9767. [PMID: 36081854 PMCID: PMC9442650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Novel ammonia catalysts seek to achieve high reaction rates under milder conditions, which translate into lower costs and energy requirements. Alkali and alkaline earth metal hydrides have been shown to possess such favorable kinetics when employed in a chemical looping process. The materials act as nitrogen carriers and form ammonia by alternating between pure nitrogen and hydrogen feeds in a two-stage chemical looping reaction. However, the thermodynamics of the novel reaction route in question are only partially available. Here, a chemical looping process was designed and simulated to evaluate the sensitivity of the energy and economic performance of the processes toward the appropriate gas-solid reaction thermodynamics. Thermodynamic parameters, such as reaction pressure and especially equilibrium ammonia yields, influenced the performance of the system. In comparison to a commercial ammonia synthesis unit with a 28% yield at 150 bar, the chemical looping process requires a yield greater than 38% to achieve similar energy consumptions and a yield greater than 26% to achieve similar costs at a given temperature and 150 bar. Entropies and enthalpies of formation of the following pairs were estimated and compared: LiH/Li2NH, MgH2/MgNH, CaH2/CaNH, SrH2/SrNH, and BaH2/BaNH. Only the LiH/Li2NH pair has satisfied the given criteria, and initial estimates suggest that a 62% yield is obtainable.
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18
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Guan Y, Liu C, Wang Q, Gao W, Hansen HA, Guo J, Vegge T, Chen P. Transition‐Metal‐Free Barium Hydride Mediates Dinitrogen Fixation and Ammonia Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeqin Guan
- DICP: Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Hydrogen energy and advanced materials CHINA
| | - Chuangwei Liu
- Technical University of Denmark: Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Department of Energy Conversion and Storage DENMARK
| | - Qianru Wang
- DICP: Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Department of Energy Conversion and Storage CHINA
| | - Wenbo Gao
- DICP: Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Hydrogen energy and advanced materials CHINA
| | - Heine Anton Hansen
- Technical University of Denmark: Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Department of Energy Conversion and Storage DENMARK
| | - Jianping Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Hydrogen energy and advanced materials 457 Zhongshan Road 116023 Dalian CHINA
| | - Tejs Vegge
- Technical University of Denmark: Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Department of Energy Conversion and Storage DENMARK
| | - Ping Chen
- DICP: Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Hydrogen energy and advanced materials CHINA
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19
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Jiang YF, Liu JC, Xu CQ, Li J, Xiao H. Breaking the scaling relations for efficient N2-to-NH3 conversion by a bowl active site design: Insight from LaRuSi and isostructural electrides. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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20
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Chen Z, Liu C, Sun L, Wang T. Progress of Experimental and Computational Catalyst Design for Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310024, China
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China
| | - Chunli Liu
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310024, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310024, China
| | - Licheng Sun
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310024, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310024, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310024, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310024, China
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21
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Zhang J, Li G, Guo J, Fan H, Chen P, Jiang L, Xie H. Spectroscopic Characterization of the Synergistic Mechanism of Ruthenium-Lithium Hydrides for Dinitrogen Cleavage. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3937-3941. [PMID: 35475625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the role of alkali/alkaline earth metal hydrides in dinitrogen activation remains an important and challenging goal for spectroscopic studies of bulk systems, because their spectral signatures are often masked by the collective effects. Herein, mass-selected photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopic and quantum chemical calculation techniques are utilized to explore the promotion mechanism of LiH in the Ru-based catalysts toward N2 activation. The RuHN2- anion is determined to be a N2-tagged complex. In contrast, the RuHN2(LiH)n- (n = 1 and 2) anions are characterized to have N≡N bond-cleaved ring structures. These observations indicate that the complexation of LiH to RuH- significantly facilitates N≡N bond cleavage. Theoretical analyses show that the synergy between Ru and LiH efficiently lowers the energy barrier of N≡N bond cleavage. These findings clarify the pivotal roles played by the LiH species in the transition metal catalysts for N2 activation and have important practical implications for the prospective design of high-performance catalysts via metal tuning strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hongjun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
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22
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Gong Y, Li H, Wu J, Song X, Yang X, Bao X, Han X, Kitano M, Wang J, Hosono H. Unique Catalytic Mechanism for Ru-Loaded Ternary Intermetallic Electrides for Ammonia Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8683-8692. [PMID: 35507518 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Intermetallic electrides have recently shown their priority as catalyst components in ammonia synthesis and CO2 activation. However, their function mechanism has been elusive since its inception, which hinders the further development of such catalysts. In this work, ternary intermetallic electrides La-TM-Si (TM = Co, Fe, and Mn) were synthesized as hosts of ruthenium (Ru) particles for ammonia synthesis catalysis. Although they have the same crystal structure and possess low work functions commonly, the promotion effects on Ru particles rather differ from each other. The catalytic activity follows the sequence of Ru/LaCoSi > Ru/LaFeSi > Ru/LaMnSi. Furthermore, Ru/LaCoSi exhibits much better catalytic durability than the other two. A combination of experiments and first-principles calculations shows that apparent N2 activation energy on each catalyst is much lower than that over conventional Ru-based catalysts, which suggests that N2 dissociation can be conspicuously promoted by the concerted actions of the specific electronic structure and atomic configuration of intermetallic electride-supported catalysts. The NHx formations proceeded on La are energetically favored, which makes it possible to bypass the scaling relations based on only Ru as the active site. The rate-determining step of Ru/La-TM-Si was identified to be NH2 formation. The transition metal (TM) in La-TM-Si electrides has a significant influence on the metal-support interaction of Ru and La-TM-Si. These findings provide a guide for the development of new and effective catalyst hosts for ammonia synthesis and other hydrogenation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhen Wu
- Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Xingyi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Masaaki Kitano
- Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Junjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hideo Hosono
- Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
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Liu C, Wang Q, Guo J, Vegge T, Chen P, Hansen HA. Formation of a Complex Active Center by Ba 2RuH 6 for Nondissociative Dinitrogen Activation and Ammonia Formation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuangwei Liu
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Qianru Wang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tejs Vegge
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ping Chen
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Heine Anton Hansen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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25
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Liu MJ, Guo J, Hoffman AS, Stenlid JH, Tang MT, Corson ER, Stone KH, Abild-Pedersen F, Bare SR, Tarpeh WA. Catalytic Performance and Near-Surface X-ray Characterization of Titanium Hydride Electrodes for the Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5739-5744. [PMID: 35315649 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) on titanium introduces significant surface reconstruction and forms titanium hydride (TiHx, 0 < x ≤ 2). With ex situ grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), we demonstrated near-surface TiH2 enrichment with increasing NO3RR applied potential and duration. This quantitative relationship facilitated electrochemical treatment of Ti to form TiH2/Ti electrodes for use in NO3RR, thereby decoupling hydride formation from NO3RR performance. A wide range of NO3RR activity and selectivity on TiH2/Ti electrodes between -0.4 and -1.0 VRHE was observed and analyzed with density functional theory (DFT) calculations on TiH2(111). This work underscores the importance of relating NO3RR performance with near-surface electrode structure to advance catalyst design and operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jinyu Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Adam S Hoffman
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Joakim Halldin Stenlid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Michael T Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Corson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kevin H Stone
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Frank Abild-Pedersen
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Simon R Bare
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - William A Tarpeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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26
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Fang H, Liu D, Luo Y, Zhou Y, Liang S, Wang X, Lin B, Jiang L. Challenges and Opportunities of Ru-Based Catalysts toward the Synthesis and Utilization of Ammonia. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huihuang Fang
- National Engineering Research Center for Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst (NERC−CFC), School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, Fujian 362801, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst (NERC−CFC), School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, Fujian 362801, P.R. China
| | - Yu Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst (NERC−CFC), School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, Fujian 362801, P.R. China
| | - Yanliang Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst (NERC−CFC), School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, Fujian 362801, P.R. China
| | - Shijing Liang
- National Engineering Research Center for Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst (NERC−CFC), School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, Fujian 362801, P.R. China
| | - Xiuyun Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst (NERC−CFC), School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, Fujian 362801, P.R. China
| | - Bingyu Lin
- National Engineering Research Center for Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst (NERC−CFC), School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, Fujian 362801, P.R. China
| | - Lilong Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst (NERC−CFC), School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, Fujian 362801, P.R. China
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Ai X, Chen H, Liang X, Shi L, Zhang M, Zhang K, Zou Y, Zou X. Metal-Coordinating Single-Boron Sites Confined in Antiperovskite Borides for N2-to-NH3 Catalytic Conversion. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Mingcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yongcun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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Daisley A, Hargreaves JSJ. Nitrides, Hydrides and Carbides as Alternative Heterogeneous Catalysis for Ammonia Synthesis: A Brief Overview. JOHNSON MATTHEY TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1595/205651322x16493249558666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Driven by the desire to develop novel catalyst formulations which are applicable for localised, more sustainable routes, the area of heterogeneously catalysed ammonia synthesis has attracted much attention in the academic literature in recent times. One of the key incentives for this has been the idea that ammonia synthesis for the production of synthetic fertiliser can be achieved on, for example, a farm close to its point of application with the required hydrogen feedstream being derived from sustainable sources such as electrolysis of water accomplished using electricity produced using wind turbines or solar energy sources. Further drivers are the possible application of ammonia as a non-fossil based fuel and also as a means to indirectly store intermittent over-supply of sustainably derived electricity. In the literature, the energy intensive nature of the Haber Bosch Process, frequently quoted to be 1-2% of global energy demand, and its CO2 footprint, stated to comprise 2.5% of fossil fuel based emissions, are statistics that are frequently quoted in justification for the search for new routes to ammonia production [1,2]. However, due recognition has to be given to the highly efficient integration of the Haber Bosch Process as currently operated. In relation to this, large scale synthesis of ammonia is highly optimised and it can be credited with the sustenance of ca 40% of the global population. These considerations, coupled to the recently reported UK CO2 supply chain shortage, related to a reduction in commercial fertiliser production [3], underline the importance of the highly integrated nature of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Daisley
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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