1
|
Pålsson E, Melchior L, Lindwall Sundel K, Karanti A, Joas E, Nordenskjöld A, Agestam M, Runeson B, Landén M. Cohort profile: the Swedish National Quality Register for bipolar disorder(BipoläR). BMJ Open 2022; 12:e064385. [PMID: 36600380 PMCID: PMC9743376 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Swedish National Quality Register for bipolar affective disorder, BipoläR, was established in 2004 to provide nationwide indicators for quality assessment and development in the clinical care of individuals with bipolar spectrum disorder. An ancillary aim was to provide data for bipolar disorder research. PARTICIPANTS Inclusion criteria for registration in BipoläR is a diagnosis of bipolar spectrum disorder (ICD codes: F25.0, F30.1-F30.2, F30.8-F31.9, F34.0) and treatment at an outpatient clinic in Sweden. BipoläR collects data from baseline and annual follow-up visits throughout Sweden. Data is collected using questionnaires administered by healthcare staff. The questions cover sociodemographic, diagnostic, treatment, outcomes and patient reported outcome variables. The register currently includes 39 583 individual patients with a total of 75 423 baseline and follow-up records. FINDINGS TO DATE Data from BipoläR has been used in several peer-reviewed publications. Studies have provided knowledge on effectiveness, side effects and use of pharmacological and psychological treatment in bipolar disorder. In addition, findings on the diagnosis of bipolar disorder, risk factors for attempted and completed suicide and health economics have been reported. The Swedish Bipolar Collection project has contributed to a large number of published studies and provides important information on the genetic architecture of bipolar disorder, the impact of genetic variation on disease characteristics and treatment outcome. FUTURE PLANS Data collection is ongoing with no fixed end date. Currently, approximately 5000 new registrations are added each year. Cohort data are available via a formalised request procedure from Centre of Registers Västra Götaland (e-mail: registercentrum@vgregion.se). Data requests for research purposes require an entity responsible for the research and an ethical approval.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Pålsson
- Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Lydia Melchior
- Bipolarmottagning, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Alina Karanti
- Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Erik Joas
- Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Axel Nordenskjöld
- University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Orebro Universitet, Orebro, Sweden
| | | | - Bo Runeson
- Psychiatry, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Landén
- Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahangari M, Kirkpatrick R, Nguyen TH, Gillespie N, Kendler KS, Bacanu SA, Webb BT, Verrelli BC, Riley BP. Examining the source of increased bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder common risk variation burden in multiplex schizophrenia families. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:106. [PMID: 36434002 PMCID: PMC9700852 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00317-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Psychotic and affective disorders often aggregate in the relatives of probands with schizophrenia, and genetic studies show substantial genetic correlation among schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. In this study, we examined the polygenic risk burden of bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder in 257 multiplex schizophrenia families (N = 1005) from the Irish Study of High-Density Multiplex Schizophrenia Families versus 2205 ancestry-matched controls. Our results indicate that members of multiplex schizophrenia families have an increased polygenic risk for bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder compared to population controls. However, this observation is largely attributable to the part of the genetic risk that bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder share with schizophrenia due to genetic correlation, rather than the affective portion of the genetic risk unique to them. These findings suggest that a complete interpretation of cross-disorder polygenic risks in multiplex families requires an assessment of the relative contribution of shared versus unique genetic factors to account for genetic correlations across psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ahangari
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
- Integrative Life Sciences PhD Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Robert Kirkpatrick
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tan-Hoang Nguyen
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Nathan Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Silviu-Alin Bacanu
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Bradley T Webb
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Brian C Verrelli
- Center for Biological Data Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Brien P Riley
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ahangari M, Gentry AE, Nguyen TH, Kirkpatrick R, Verrelli BC, Bacanu SA, Kendler KS, Webb BT, Riley BP. Evaluating the role of common risk variation in the recurrence risk of schizophrenia in multiplex schizophrenia families. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:291. [PMID: 35864105 PMCID: PMC9304393 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiplex families have higher recurrence risk of schizophrenia compared to the families of sporadic cases, but the source of this increased recurrence risk is unknown. We used schizophrenia genome-wide association study data (N = 156,509) to construct polygenic risk scores (PRS) in 1005 individuals from 257 multiplex schizophrenia families, 2114 ancestry-matched sporadic cases, and 2205 population controls, to evaluate whether increased PRS can explain the higher recurrence risk of schizophrenia in multiplex families compared to ancestry-matched sporadic cases. Using mixed-effects logistic regression with family structure modeled as a random effect, we show that SCZ PRS in familial cases does not differ significantly from sporadic cases either with, or without family history (FH) of psychotic disorders (All sporadic cases p = 0.90, FH+ cases p = 0.88, FH- cases p = 0.82). These results indicate that increased burden of common schizophrenia risk variation as indexed by current SCZ PRS, is unlikely to account for the higher recurrence risk of schizophrenia in multiplex families. In the absence of elevated PRS, segregation of rare risk variation or environmental influences unique to the families may explain the increased familial recurrence risk. These findings also further validate a genetically influenced psychosis spectrum, as shown by a continuous increase of common SCZ risk variation burden from unaffected relatives to schizophrenia cases in multiplex families. Finally, these results suggest that common risk variation loading are unlikely to be predictive of schizophrenia recurrence risk in the families of index probands, and additional components of genetic risk must be identified and included in order to improve recurrence risk prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ahangari
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA ,grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Integrative Life Sciences PhD Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Amanda E. Gentry
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | | | - Tan-Hoang Nguyen
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA ,grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Robert Kirkpatrick
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA ,grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Brian C. Verrelli
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Center for Biological Data Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Silviu-Alin Bacanu
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA ,grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA ,grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA ,grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Bradley T. Webb
- grid.505215.6GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Brien P. Riley
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA ,grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA ,grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kuijpers Y, Domínguez-Andrés J, Bakker OB, Gupta MK, Grasshoff M, Xu CJ, Joosten LAB, Bertranpetit J, Netea MG, Li Y. Evolutionary Trajectories of Complex Traits in European Populations of Modern Humans. Front Genet 2022; 13:833190. [PMID: 35419030 PMCID: PMC8995853 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.833190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have a great diversity in phenotypes, influenced by genetic, environmental, nutritional, cultural, and social factors. Understanding the historical trends of physiological traits can shed light on human physiology, as well as elucidate the factors that influence human diseases. Here we built genome-wide polygenic scores for heritable traits, including height, body mass index, lipoprotein concentrations, cardiovascular disease, and intelligence, using summary statistics of genome-wide association studies in Europeans. Subsequently, we applied these scores to the genomes of ancient European populations. Our results revealed that after the Neolithic, European populations experienced an increase in height and intelligence scores, decreased their skin pigmentation, while the risk for coronary artery disease increased through a genetic trajectory favoring low HDL concentrations. These results are a reflection of the continuous evolutionary processes in humans and highlight the impact that the Neolithic revolution had on our lifestyle and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunus Kuijpers
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, CiiM, A Joint Venture Between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.,TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Olivier B Bakker
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Manoj Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, CiiM, A Joint Venture Between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.,TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Grasshoff
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, CiiM, A Joint Venture Between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.,TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cheng-Jian Xu
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, CiiM, A Joint Venture Between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.,TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jaume Bertranpetit
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yang Li
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, CiiM, A Joint Venture Between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.,TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Birmaher B, Hafeman D, Merranko J, Zwicker A, Goldstein B, Goldstein T, Axelson D, Monk K, Hickey MB, Sakolsky D, Iyengar S, Diler R, Nimgaonkar V, Uher R. Role of Polygenic Risk Score in the Familial Transmission of Bipolar Disorder in Youth. JAMA Psychiatry 2022; 79:160-168. [PMID: 34935868 PMCID: PMC8696688 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.3700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Establishing genetic contributions to the transmission of bipolar disorder (BD) from parents to offspring may inform the risk of developing this disorder and further serve to validate BD in youth. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the specific association of BD polygenic risk scores (PRSs) on the familial transmission and validity of pediatric BD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This community-based case-control longitudinal study (Pittsburgh Biological Offspring Study) included parents with BD I/II and their offspring and parents without BD (healthy or non-BD psychopathology) and their offspring. Participants were recruited between March 2001 and May 2007, and analysis took place from December 2020 to September 2021. EXPOSURES PRSs for BD, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Participants were prospectively evaluated using standardized interviews blind to parental diagnosis. DNA was extracted from saliva and genotyped. PRSs were constructed based on independent large-scale genome-wide association studies. RESULTS A total of 156 parents with BD I/II and 180 parents without BD (mean [SD] age, 39.6 [7.9] years; 241 female [72%]) as well as 251 offspring of parents with BD and 158 offspring of parents without BD (mean [SD] age, 10.4 [4.7] years; 213 female [52%]) of European ancestry were analyzed. Participants were assessed a mean of 6.7 times during a mean (SD) of 13 (3.4) years of follow-up (84% retention). More offspring of parents with BD developed BD (58 [23.1%] vs 8 [5.1%]; P < .001) and depression (126 [50.2%] vs 52 [32.9%]; P < .001) compared with offspring of parents without BD. BD PRS was higher in both parents and offspring with BD than parents and offspring without BD (parents: odds ratio, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.19-1.89; P < .001; explained 4.8% of the phenotypic variance vs offspring: hazard ratio, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.03-1.7; P = .02; explained 5.0% of the phenotypic variance). BD PRS did not differ across BD subtypes. In a model combining parental and offspring BD PRS, the parental BD PRS association with offspring BD was fully mediated by offspring BD PRS (hazard ratio, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.05-1.86; P = .02). Parental BD had a stronger direct association than parental or offspring BD PRS with offspring BD risk (hazard ratio, 5.21; 95% CI, 1.86-14.62; P = .002), explaining 30% of the variance. Parental and offspring BD PRS explained 6% of the BD onset variance beyond parental diagnosis. There were no significant between-group differences in PRSs for major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in parents or offspring and they were not significantly associated with BD onset. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this study add to the extant clinical validation of BD in youth. Parental BD and offspring BD PRS independently associated with the risk of BD in offspring. Although this is promising, the association of BD PRS was relatively small and cannot be used alone to determine BD risk until further developments occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Birmaher
- Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Danella Hafeman
- Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John Merranko
- Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alyson Zwicker
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Dalhousie University, St John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Benjamin Goldstein
- Center for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tina Goldstein
- Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David Axelson
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital and Ohio State College of Medicine, Columbus
| | - Kelly Monk
- Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary Beth Hickey
- Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dara Sakolsky
- Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Rasim Diler
- Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Elevated common variant genetic risk for tourette syndrome in a densely-affected pedigree. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7522-7529. [PMID: 34526668 PMCID: PMC8881309 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a highly heritable neuropsychiatric disorder with complex patterns of genetic inheritance. Recent genetic findings in TS have highlighted both numerous common variants with small effects and a few rare variants with moderate or large effects. Here we searched for genetic causes of TS in a large, densely-affected British pedigree using a systematic genomic approach. This pedigree spans six generations and includes 122 members, 85 of whom were individually interviewed, and 53 of whom were diagnosed as "cases" (consisting of 28 with definite or probable TS, 20 with chronic multiple tics [CMT], and five with obsessive-compulsive behaviors [OCB]). A total of 66 DNA samples were available (25 TS, 15 CMT, 4 OCB cases, and 22 unaffecteds) and all were genotyped using a dense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to identify shared segments, copy number variants (CNVs), and to calculate genetic risk scores. Eight cases were also whole genome sequenced to test whether any rare variants were shared identical by descent. While we did not identify any notable CNVs, single nucleotide variants, indels or repeat expansions of near-Mendelian effect, the most distinctive feature of this family proved to be an unusually high load of common risk alleles for TS. We found that cases within this family carried a higher load of TS common variant risk similar to that previously found in unrelated TS cases. Thus far, the strongest evidence from genetic data for contribution to TS risk in this family comes from multiple common risk variants rather than one or a few variants of strong effect.
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent, involuntary physical and verbal tics. With a prevalence as high as 1% in children, a deeper understanding of the etiology of the disorder and contributions to risk is critical. Here, we cover the current body of knowledge in scientific literature regarding the genetics of TS. We first review the history and diagnostic criteria for TS cases. We then cover the prevalence, and begin to address the etiology of the disorder. We highlight long-standing evidence for a genetic contribution to TS risk from epidemiology studies focused on twins, families, and population-scale data. Finally, we summarize current large-scale genetic studies of TS along specific classes of genetic variation, including common variation, rare copy number variation, and de novo variation that impact protein-coding sequence. Although these variants do not account for the entirety of TS genetic risk, current evidence is clear that each class of variation is a factor in the overall risk architecture across TS cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Domènech
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carolina Cappi
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matt Halvorsen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Andlauer TFM, Guzman-Parra J, Streit F, Strohmaier J, González MJ, Gil Flores S, Cabaleiro Fabeiro FJ, Del Río Noriega F, Perez FP, Haro González J, Orozco Diaz G, de Diego-Otero Y, Moreno-Küstner B, Auburger G, Degenhardt F, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Herms S, Hoffmann P, Frank J, Foo JC, Treutlein J, Witt SH, Cichon S, Kogevinas M, Rivas F, Mayoral F, Müller-Myhsok B, Forstner AJ, Nöthen MM, Rietschel M. Bipolar multiplex families have an increased burden of common risk variants for psychiatric disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1286-1298. [PMID: 31712721 PMCID: PMC7985020 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiplex families with a high prevalence of a psychiatric disorder are often examined to identify rare genetic variants with large effect sizes. In the present study, we analysed whether the risk for bipolar disorder (BD) in BD multiplex families is influenced by common genetic variants. Furthermore, we investigated whether this risk is conferred mainly by BD-specific risk variants or by variants also associated with the susceptibility to schizophrenia or major depression. In total, 395 individuals from 33 Andalusian BD multiplex families (166 BD, 78 major depressive disorder, 151 unaffected) as well as 438 subjects from an independent, BD case/control cohort (161 unrelated BD, 277 unrelated controls) were analysed. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for BD, schizophrenia (SCZ), and major depression were calculated and compared between the cohorts. Both the familial BD cases and unaffected family members had higher PRS for all three psychiatric disorders than the independent controls, with BD and SCZ being significant after correction for multiple testing, suggesting a high baseline risk for several psychiatric disorders in the families. Moreover, familial BD cases showed significantly higher BD PRS than unaffected family members and unrelated BD cases. A plausible hypothesis is that, in multiplex families with a general increase in risk for psychiatric disease, BD development is attributable to a high burden of common variants that confer a specific risk for BD. The present analyses demonstrated that common genetic risk variants for psychiatric disorders are likely to contribute to the high incidence of affective psychiatric disorders in the multiplex families. However, the PRS explained only part of the observed phenotypic variance, and rare variants might have also contributed to disease development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Till F M Andlauer
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jose Guzman-Parra
- Department of Mental Health, University Regional Hospital of Málaga, Institute of Biomedicine of Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jana Strohmaier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Susana Gil Flores
- Department of Mental Health, University Hospital of Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Guillermo Orozco Diaz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica del Dispositivo de Cuidados Críticos y Urgencias del Distrito Sanitario Málaga-Coin-Guadalhorce, Málaga, Spain
| | - Yolanda de Diego-Otero
- Department of Mental Health, University Regional Hospital of Málaga, Institute of Biomedicine of Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Berta Moreno-Küstner
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Malaga, Institute of Biomedicine of Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Georg Auburger
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Herms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jerome C Foo
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jens Treutlein
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sven Cichon
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Fabio Rivas
- Department of Mental Health, University Regional Hospital of Málaga, Institute of Biomedicine of Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Fermín Mayoral
- Department of Mental Health, University Regional Hospital of Málaga, Institute of Biomedicine of Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Crisafulli C, Calabrò M, Mandelli L, Wang SM, Lee SJ, Han C, Patkar A, Masand P, Pae CU, Souery D, Mendlewicz J, Serretti A. Possible Modulatory Role of ARC Gene Variants in Mood Disorders. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 19:46-52. [PMID: 33508787 PMCID: PMC7851469 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2021.19.1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The genetic background of mood disorders is gradually emerging through the use of large multicenter samples but a detailed phenotyping is complementary in elucidating the role of modulating variants. METHODS In the present paper we focused on the possible modulatory effects of ARC gene variants on two independent mood disorder samples of European (n = 246 bipolar disorder) and Korean (n = 132 bipolar disorder; n = 242 major depressive disorder [MDD]) ancestry. RESULTS No result survived Bonferroni correction, however we evidenced promising trend toward possible association between ARC gene variants and mood disorder phenotypes. In particular, we evidenced weak correlations of ARC single nucleotide polymorphisms with depressive symptoms severity (evaluated through Hamilton depression rating scale scores) in the MDD Korean (rs7465272) and European (rs11167152) samples. Additionally rs10110456 was found to be related to Family History, while rs7465272 was related to suicide risk in the Korean sample. Finally, rs7465272 was associated with body mass index in the European sample. CONCLUSION Overall, ARC gene variants may have a partial role in modulatory effect on treatment efficacy or phenotypes of mood disorders. Further studies, on larger samples may provide a better understanding on the role of ARC gene variants in the symptom severity and treatment outcomes in patients with mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Crisafulli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Calabrò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Mandelli
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sheng-Min Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changsu Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ashwin Patkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Chi-Un Pae
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daniel Souery
- Centre Européen de Psychologie Medicale, Laboratoire de Psychologie Medicale, Universitè Libre de Bruxelles and Psy Pluriel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien Mendlewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Universitè Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Köhler-Forsberg O, Sylvia LG, Ruberto VL, Kuperberg M, Shannon AP, Fung V, Overhage L, Calabrese JR, Thase M, Bowden CL, Shelton RC, McInnis M, Deckersbach T, Tohen M, Kocsis JH, Ketter TA, Friedman ES, Iosifescu DV, McElroy S, Ostacher MJ, Nierenberg AA. Familial severe psychiatric history in bipolar disorder and correlation with disease severity and treatment response. J Affect Disord 2020; 273:131-137. [PMID: 32421593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder is a heritable disorder, and we aimed to assess the impact of family history of mental disorders in first-degree relatives on the severity and course of bipolar disorder. METHODS The Bipolar CHOICE (lithium versus quetiapine) and LiTMUS (optimized treatment with versus without lithium) comparative effectiveness studies were similar trials among bipolar disorder outpatients studying four different randomized treatment arms for 24 weeks. Patients self-reported on six severe mental disorders among first-degree relatives. We performed ANOVA and linear regression regarding disease severity measures, sociodemographic and cardiometabolic markers and mixed effects linear regression to evaluate treatment response. RESULTS Among 757 patients, 644 (85.1%) reported at least one first-degree relative with a severe mental disorder (mean=2.8; standard deviation=2.2; range=0-13). Depression (67.1%), alcohol abuse (51.0%) and bipolar disorder (47.0%) were the most frequently reported disorders. Familial psychiatric history correlated with several disease severity measures (hospitalizations, suicide attempts, and earlier onset) and sociodemographic markers (lower education and household income) but not with cardiometabolic markers (e.g. cholesterol or waist circumference) or cardiovascular risk scores, e.g. the Framingham risk score. Patients with familial psychiatric history tended to require more psychopharmacological treatment (p=0.054) but responded similarly (all p>0.1) to all four treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that familial psychiatric history is common among outpatients with bipolar disorder and correlates with disease severity and sociodemographic measures. Patients with a greater familial psychiatric load required more intense treatment but achieved similar treatment responses compared to patients without familial psychiatric history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ole Köhler-Forsberg
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicin, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Louisa G Sylvia
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valerie L Ruberto
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maya Kuperberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alec P Shannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vicki Fung
- Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Joseph R Calabrese
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael Thase
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles L Bowden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Richard C Shelton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Melvin McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thilo Deckersbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mauricio Tohen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - James H Kocsis
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Terence A Ketter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edward S Friedman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dan V Iosifescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan McElroy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH and Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, USA
| | - Michael J Ostacher
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew A Nierenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Efficient polygenic risk scores for biobank scale data by exploiting phenotypes from inferred relatives. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3074. [PMID: 32555176 PMCID: PMC7299943 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygenic risk scores are emerging as a potentially powerful tool to predict future phenotypes of target individuals, typically using unrelated individuals, thereby devaluing information from relatives. Here, for 50 traits from the UK Biobank data, we show that a design of 5,000 individuals with first-degree relatives of target individuals can achieve a prediction accuracy similar to that of around 220,000 unrelated individuals (mean prediction accuracy = 0.26 vs. 0.24, mean fold-change = 1.06 (95% CI: 0.99-1.13), P-value = 0.08), despite a 44-fold difference in sample size. For lifestyle traits, the prediction accuracy with 5,000 individuals including first-degree relatives of target individuals is significantly higher than that with 220,000 unrelated individuals (mean prediction accuracy = 0.22 vs. 0.16, mean fold-change = 1.40 (1.17-1.62), P-value = 0.025). Our findings suggest that polygenic prediction integrating family information may help to accelerate precision health and clinical intervention. Genetic data from large cohorts of unrelated individuals can be used to create polygenic risk scores, which could be used to predict individual risk of developing a specific disease. Here the authors show that smaller cohorts of related individuals can provide similarly powerful predictive ability.
Collapse
|
12
|
Gordovez FJA, McMahon FJ. The genetics of bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:544-559. [PMID: 31907381 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the most heritable mental illnesses, but the elucidation of its genetic basis has proven to be a very challenging endeavor. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have transformed our understanding of BD, providing the first reproducible evidence of specific genetic markers and a highly polygenic architecture that overlaps with that of schizophrenia, major depression, and other disorders. Individual GWAS markers appear to confer little risk, but common variants together account for about 25% of the heritability of BD. A few higher-risk associations have also been identified, such as a rare copy number variant on chromosome 16p11.2. Large scale next-generation sequencing studies are actively searching for other alleles that confer substantial risk. As our understanding of the genetics of BD improves, there is growing optimism that some clear biological pathways will emerge, providing a basis for future studies aimed at molecular diagnosis and novel therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis James A Gordovez
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, 1000, Ermita, Manila, Philippines
| | - Francis J McMahon
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Halvorsen A, Hesel B, Østergaard SD, Danielsen AA. In utero exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and development of mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019; 139:493-507. [PMID: 30937904 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several studies have investigated whether in utero exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is associated with increased risk of developing mental or behavioural disorders. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis based on this literature. METHODS A systematic search of eligible literature in PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO and subsequent meta-analysis was conducted in adherence with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. RESULTS A total of 20 studies were included in the review, and results from 18 of these were meta-analyzed. We found a statistically significant positive association between in utero exposure to SSRIs and mental or behavioural disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.27; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10-1.47), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (HR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.06-1.66) and mental retardation (HR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.03-1.91). Confounding by indication was identified in five of seven studies investigating this aspect. CONCLUSION Exposure to SSRIs in utero is associated with increased risk of developing mental or behavioural disorders. However, these associations do not necessarily reflect a causal relationship since the results included in this meta-analysis are likely affected by residual confounding by indication, which is likely to account for some (or all) of the positive association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Halvorsen
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - B Hesel
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S D Østergaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A A Danielsen
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Szatkiewicz J, Crowley JJ, Adolfsson AN, Åberg KA, Alaerts M, Genovese G, McCarroll S, Del-Favero J, Adolfsson R, Sullivan PF. The genomics of major psychiatric disorders in a large pedigree from Northern Sweden. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:60. [PMID: 30718465 PMCID: PMC6362018 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We searched for genetic causes of major psychiatric disorders (bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia) in a large, densely affected pedigree from Northern Sweden that originated with three pairs of founders born around 1650. We applied a systematic genomic approach to the pedigree via karyotyping (N = 9), genome-wide SNP arrays (N = 418), whole-exome sequencing (N = 26), and whole-genome sequencing (N = 10). Comprehensive analysis did not identify plausible variants of strong effect. Rather, pedigree cases had significantly higher genetic risk scores compared to pedigree and community controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Szatkiewicz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James J Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Karolina A Åberg
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Maaike Alaerts
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jurgen Del-Favero
- VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, Belgium and Multiplicom N.V., Galileilaan 18, Niel, Belgium
| | - Rolf Adolfsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|