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Jabeen S, Ahmed N, Rashid F, Lal N, Kong F, Fu Y, Zhang F. Circular RNAs in tuberculosis and lung cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 561:119810. [PMID: 38866175 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
This review signifies the role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in tuberculosis (TB) and lung cancer (LC), focusing on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. CircRNAs, a newly discovered type of non-coding RNA, have emerged as key regulators of gene expression and promising biomarkers in various bodily fluids due to their stability. The current review discusses circRNA biogenesis, highlighting their RNase-R resistance due to their loop forming structure, making them effective biomarkers. It details their roles in gene regulation, including splicing, transcription control, and miRNA interactions, and their impact on cellular processes and diseases. For LC, the review identifies circRNA dysregulation affecting cell growth, motility, and survival, and their potential as therapeutic targets and biomarkers. In TB, it addresses circRNAs' influence on host anti-TB immune responses, proposing their use as early diagnostic markers. The paper also explores the interplay between TB and LC, emphasizing circRNAs as dual biosignatures, and the necessity for differential diagnosis. It concludes that no single circRNA biomarker is universally applicable for both TB and LC. Ultimately, the review highlights the pivotal role of circRNAs in TB and LC, encouraging further research in biomarker identification and therapeutic development concomitant for both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Jabeen
- Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Niaz Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Faiqa Rashid
- Department of Bioinformatics And Biosciences, Capital University Of Science & Technology, Islamabad Expressway, Kahuta Road, Zone-V, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nand Lal
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Fanhui Kong
- Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yingmei Fu
- Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Fengmin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin 150081, China.
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Gupta VK, Vaishnavi VV, Arrieta-Ortiz ML, P S A, K M J, Jeyasankar S, Raghunathan V, Baliga NS, Agarwal R. 3D Hydrogel Culture System Recapitulates Key Tuberculosis Phenotypes and Demonstrates Pyrazinamide Efficacy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304299. [PMID: 38655817 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The mortality caused by tuberculosis (TB) infections is a global concern, and there is a need to improve understanding of the disease. Current in vitro infection models to study the disease have limitations such as short investigation durations and divergent transcriptional signatures. This study aims to overcome these limitations by developing a 3D collagen culture system that mimics the biomechanical and extracellular matrix (ECM) of lung microenvironment (collagen fibers, stiffness comparable to in vivo conditions) as the infection primarily manifests in the lungs. The system incorporates Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infected human THP-1 or primary monocytes/macrophages. Dual RNA sequencing reveals higher mammalian gene expression similarity with patient samples than 2D macrophage infections. Similarly, bacterial gene expression more accurately recapitulates in vivo gene expression patterns compared to bacteria in 2D infection models. Key phenotypes observed in humans, such as foamy macrophages and mycobacterial cords, are reproduced in the model. This biomaterial system overcomes challenges associated with traditional platforms by modulating immune cells and closely mimicking in vivo infection conditions, including showing efficacy with clinically relevant concentrations of anti-TB drug pyrazinamide, not seen in any other in vitro infection model, making it reliable and readily adoptable for tuberculosis studies and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal K Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Vijaya V Vaishnavi
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | | | - Abhirami P S
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Jyothsna K M
- Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Sharumathi Jeyasankar
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Varun Raghunathan
- Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Nitin S Baliga
- Institute of Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Rachit Agarwal
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
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Ji HL, Xi NMS, Mohan C, Yan X, Jain KG, Zang QS, Gahtan V, Zhao R. Biomarkers and molecular endotypes of sarcoidosis: lessons from omics and non-omics studies. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1342429. [PMID: 38250062 PMCID: PMC10797773 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1342429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disorder characterized by unknown etiology, undetermined mechanisms, and non-specific therapies except TNF blockade. To improve our understanding of the pathogenicity and to predict the outcomes of the disease, the identification of new biomarkers and molecular endotypes is sorely needed. In this study, we systematically evaluate the biomarkers identified through Omics and non-Omics approaches in sarcoidosis. Most of the currently documented biomarkers for sarcoidosis are mainly identified through conventional "one-for-all" non-Omics targeted studies. Although the application of machine learning algorithms to identify biomarkers and endotypes from unbiased comprehensive Omics studies is still in its infancy, a series of biomarkers, overwhelmingly for diagnosis to differentiate sarcoidosis from healthy controls have been reported. In view of the fact that current biomarker profiles in sarcoidosis are scarce, fragmented and mostly not validated, there is an urgent need to identify novel sarcoidosis biomarkers and molecular endotypes using more advanced Omics approaches to facilitate disease diagnosis and prognosis, resolve disease heterogeneity, and facilitate personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Long Ji
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States
- Department of Surgery, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Nan Mile S. Xi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics at Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Biomedical Engineering & Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiting Yan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Yale New Haven Hospital and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Krishan G. Jain
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States
- Department of Surgery, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Qun Sophia Zang
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States
- Department of Surgery, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Vivian Gahtan
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States
- Department of Surgery, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Runzhen Zhao
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States
- Department of Surgery, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States
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Sodsri T, Baughman RP, Sriprasart T. Diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis in tuberculosis endemic area-a narrative review. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:5760-5772. [PMID: 37969315 PMCID: PMC10636435 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective Pulmonary sarcoidosis and tuberculosis (TB) are the most frequent tissue-confirmed granulomatous diseases. Due to its unknown etiology, pulmonary sarcoidosis is diagnosed by ruling out other granulomatous diseases and necessitating clinical, radiological, and pathological evidence. There are many factors that contribute to the diagnostic dilemma between these two diseases. Even though some aspects of both diseases, such as their pathological evidence and abnormal X-ray findings, are quite similar, the treatment options for each are entirely different. The standard treatment for sarcoidosis is immunosuppressive agents such as glucocorticoids, which can exacerbate TB. Consequently, the overlap between clinical and radiological features constitutes a significant challenge for many physicians in selecting the optimal treatment for each patient. Therefore, the exclusion of pulmonary TB is a mandatory step for the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis. This article reviews and summarizes basic science and clinical research on distinguishing these two disorders. Methods A systematic search of the MEDLINE and PubMed databases focusing on studies published within the last 35 years was conducted. The last search date is February 4, 2023. The authors used the following combinations of terms: tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, diagnosis, bronchoscopy, biomarkers, and radiography. All studies were reviewed, and 69 references from 1990 to 2023 were found to be relevant. Key Content and Findings Innovative laboratory tests are essential for distinguishing between pulmonary sarcoidosis and TB. The Xpert MTB/RIF assay diagnoses TB with 98% sensitivity and 89% specificity. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and simultaneous amplification and testing method for Mycobacterium tuberculosis rRNA (SAT-TB) are also highly sensitive and specific for TB diagnosis. Several novel tests, such as the difference of immune complexes for the ESAT-6/SFP-10 antigen in vitro with dynamic light scattering (DLS), lung tissue-based molecular markers, and the blood transcriptome, are promising for differentiating TB from sarcoidosis. Conclusions Recent advancements in laboratory investigations, non-invasive procedures, and invasive procedures play an important role in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis in TB-endemic areas. However, further study is needed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of all tests in terms of their competency in distinguishing between TB and sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulaton Sodsri
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Robert P. Baughman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Thitiwat Sriprasart
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
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Hild V, Mellert K, Möller P, Barth TFE. Giant Cells of Various Lesions Are Characterised by Different Expression Patterns of HLA-Molecules and Molecules Involved in the Cell Cycle, Bone Metabolism, and Lineage Affiliation: An Immunohistochemical Study with a Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3702. [PMID: 37509363 PMCID: PMC10377796 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant cells (GCs) are thought to originate from the fusion of monocytic lineage cells and arise amid multiple backgrounds. To compare GCs of different origins, we immunohistochemically characterised the GCs of reactive and neoplastic lesions (n = 47). We studied the expression of 15 molecules including HLA class II molecules those relevant to the cell cycle, bone metabolism and lineage affiliation. HLA-DR was detectable in the GCs of sarcoidosis, sarcoid-like lesions, tuberculosis, and foreign body granuloma. Cyclin D1 was expressed by the GCs of neoplastic lesions as well as the GCs of bony callus, fibroid epulis, and brown tumours. While cyclin E was detected in the GCs of all lesions, p16 and p21 showed a heterogeneous expression pattern. RANK was expressed by the GCs of all lesions except sarcoid-like lesions and xanthogranuloma. All GCs were RANK-L-negative, and the GCs of all lesions were osteoprotegerin-positive. Osteonectin was limited to the GCs of chondroblastoma. Osteopontin and TRAP were detected in the GCs of all lesions except xanthogranuloma. RUNX2 was heterogeneously expressed in the reactive and neoplastic cohort. The GCs of all lesions except foreign body granuloma expressed CD68, and all GCs were CD163- and langerin-negative. This profiling points to a functional diversity of GCs despite their similar morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Hild
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Kevin Mellert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas F E Barth
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Li H, Cao W, Chen S, Chen J, Xing Y, Yang H. Comparative interleukins and chemokines analysis of mice mesenchymal stromal cells infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and H37Ra. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023:109673. [PMID: 37392994 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory pathways involving Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) play an important role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. H37Rv (Rv) is a standard virulent strain, however, H37Ra (Ra) is a strain with reduced virulence. Interleukins and chemokines production are known to promote inflammation resistance in mammalian cells and is recently reported to regulate mycobacterial immunopathogenesis via inflammatory responses. MSCs are very important cells during Mtb infection. However, the different expressions of interleukins and chemokines in the process of Mtb-infected MSCs between Ra and Rv remain unclear. We used the techniques of RNA-Seq, Q-RT-PCR, ELISA, and Western Blotting. We have shown that Rv infection significantly increased mRNA expressions of Mndal, Gdap10, Bmp2, and Lif, thereby increasing more differentiation of MSCs compared with Ra infection in MSCs. Further investigation into the possible mechanisms, we found that Rv infection enhanced more inflammatory response (Mmp10, Mmp3, and Ptgs2) through more activation of the TLR2-MAP3K1-JNK pathway than did Ra infection in MSCs. Further action showed that Rv infection enhanced more Il1α, Il6, Il33, Cxcl2, Ccl3, and Ackr3 production than did Ra infection. Rv infection showed more expressions of Mmp10, Mmp3, Ptgs2, Il1α, Il6, Il33, Cxcl2, Ccl3, and Ackr3 possibly through more active TLR2-MAP3K1-JNK pathway than did Ra infection in MSCs. MSCs may therefore be a new candidate for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Institute of health, Shanghai Institute of life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shichao Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jianxia Chen
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, China; TB Department, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai TB Key Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yanchun Xing
- Department of Medicine, Anhui Huangshan Vocational and Technical College, Huangshan, Anhui, 245000, China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, China; TB Department, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai TB Key Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Polinário G, Primo LMDG, Rosa MABC, Dett FHM, Barbugli PA, Roque-Borda CA, Pavan FR. Antimicrobial peptides as drugs with double response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfections in lung cancer. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1183247. [PMID: 37342560 PMCID: PMC10277934 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1183247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis and lung cancer are, in many cases, correlated diseases that can be confused because they have similar symptoms. Many meta-analyses have proven that there is a greater chance of developing lung cancer in patients who have active pulmonary tuberculosis. It is, therefore, important to monitor the patient for a long time after recovery and search for combined therapies that can treat both diseases, as well as face the great problem of drug resistance. Peptides are molecules derived from the breakdown of proteins, and the membranolytic class is already being studied. It has been proposed that these molecules destabilize cellular homeostasis, performing a dual antimicrobial and anticancer function and offering several possibilities of adaptation for adequate delivery and action. In this review, we focus on two important reason for the use of multifunctional peptides or peptides, namely the double activity and no harmful effects on humans. We review some of the main antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory bioactive peptides and highlight four that have anti-tuberculosis and anti-cancer activity, which may contribute to obtaining drugs with this dual functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Polinário
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Paula Aboud Barbugli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Rogério Pavan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Preda M, Tănase BC, Zob DL, Gheorghe AS, Lungulescu CV, Dumitrescu EA, Stănculeanu DL, Manolescu LSC, Popescu O, Ibraim E, Mahler B. The Bidirectional Relationship between Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Lung Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1282. [PMID: 36674038 PMCID: PMC9859200 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis are two significant public health problems that continue to take millions of lives each year. They may have similar symptoms and, in some cases, are diagnosed simultaneously or may have a causal relationship. In tuberculosis disease, the chronic inflammation, different produced molecules, genomic changes, and fibrosis are believed to be important factors that may promote carcinogenesis. As a reverse reaction, the development of carcinogenesis and the treatment may induce the reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection. Moreover, the recently used checkpoint inhibitors are a debatable subject since they help treat lung cancer but may lead to the reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis and checkpoint-induced pneumonitis. Pulmonary rehabilitation is an effective intervention in post-tuberculosis patients and lung cancer patients and should be recommended to improve outcomes in these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mădălina Preda
- Marius Nasta Institute of Pneumology, 050159 Bucharest, Romania
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Virology Discipline, Department of Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Midwives and Nursing, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Cosmin Tănase
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Oncology “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu” Bucharest, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Luminița Zob
- Department of Medical Oncology II, Institute of Oncology “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu” Bucharest, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adelina Silvana Gheorghe
- Department of Oncology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Medical Oncology I, Institute of Oncology “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu” Bucharest, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Elena Adriana Dumitrescu
- Department of Oncology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana Lucia Stănculeanu
- Department of Oncology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Medical Oncology I, Institute of Oncology “Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu” Bucharest, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredana Sabina Cornelia Manolescu
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Virology Discipline, Department of Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Midwives and Nursing, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Virology, Institute of Virology “Stefan S. Nicolau”, 030304 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Popescu
- Marius Nasta Institute of Pneumology, 050159 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elmira Ibraim
- Marius Nasta Institute of Pneumology, 050159 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Beatrice Mahler
- Marius Nasta Institute of Pneumology, 050159 Bucharest, Romania
- Pneumo-Phthisiology II Discipline, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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Ghosh S, Kala C, Garg A, Thakur AK. Amyloid deposition in granuloma of tuberculosis patients: A single-center pilot study. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2022; 136:102249. [PMID: 35998384 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The formation of granuloma is one of the characteristic features of tuberculosis. Besides, elevated serum amyloid A (SAA) protein level is the indicator for chronic inflammation associated with tuberculosis. The linkage between tuberculosis and SAA-driven secondary amyloidosis is well documented. However, SAA-derived amyloid onset and deposition start sites are not well understood in tuberculosis. We hypothesized that granuloma could be a potential site for amyloid deposition because of the presence of SAA protein and proteases, cleaving SAA into aggregation-prone fragments. 150 tuberculosis patients were identified and biopsies were collected from the affected organs. Patients showing eosinophilic hyaline-rich deposits within granuloma and its periphery were further screened for the presence of amyloid deposits. Upon Congo red staining, these hyaline deposits exhibited characteristic apple-green birefringence under polarized light, confirming their amyloid nature in 20 patients. Further upon Immuno-histochemical staining with anti-SAA antibody, the amyloid enriched areas showed positive immunoreactivity. In this pilot study, we have shown granuloma as a potential site for serum amyloid A derived amyloid deposition in tuberculosis patients. This study would expand the clinical and fundamental research for understanding the mechanism of amyloid formation in granuloma underlying tuberculosis and other chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India; Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Chayanika Kala
- Department of Pathology, LPS Institute of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, GSVM Medical College Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208019, India
| | - Akansha Garg
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India; Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Thakur
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India; Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India.
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10
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Malik AA, Sheikh JA, Ehtesham NZ, Hira S, Hasnain SE. Can Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection lead to cancer? Call for a paradigm shift in understanding TB and cancer. Int J Med Microbiol 2022; 312:151558. [PMID: 35842995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2022.151558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections are known to cause tumours though more attributed to viruses. Strong epidemiological links suggest association between bacterial infections and cancers as exemplified by Helicobacter pylori and Salmonella spp. Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), the etiological agent of tuberculosis (TB), has been reported to predispose patients to lung cancers and possibly in other organs as well. While this etiopathogenesis warrant inclusion of M. tb in IARC's (International Agency for Research on Cancer) classified carcinogenic agents, the lack of well-defined literature and direct experimental studies have barred the research community from accepting the role of M. tb as a carcinogen. The background research, case studies, and experimental data extensively reviewed in Roy et al., 2021; provoke the debate for elucidating carcinogenic properties of M. tb. Moreover, proper, timely and correct diagnosis of both diseases (which often mimic each other) will save millions of lives that are misdiagnosed. In addition, use of Anti Tubercular therapy (ATT) in misdiagnosed non-TB patients contributes to drug resistance in population thereby severely impacting TB disease control measures. Research in this arena can further aid in saving billions of dollars by preventing the superfluous use of cancer drugs. In order to achieve these goals, it is imperative to identify the underlying mechanism of M. tb infection acting as major risk factor for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asrar A Malik
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Javaid A Sheikh
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Nasreen Z Ehtesham
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhash Hira
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Seyed E Hasnain
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India; Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi, India.
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Hasan I, Hossain A, Bhuiyan P, Miah S, Rahman H. A system biology approach to determine therapeutic targets by identifying molecular mechanisms and key pathways for type 2 diabetes that are linked to the development of tuberculosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Life Sci 2022; 297:120483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Elkington P, Polak ME, Reichmann MT, Leslie A. Understanding the tuberculosis granuloma: the matrix revolutions. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:143-154. [PMID: 34922835 PMCID: PMC8673590 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes the human disease tuberculosis (TB) and remains the top global infectious pandemic after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Furthermore, TB has killed many more humans than any other pathogen, after prolonged coevolution to optimise its pathogenic strategies. Full understanding of fundamental disease processes in humans is necessary to successfully combat this highly successful pathogen. While the importance of immunodeficiency has been long recognised, biologic therapies and unbiased approaches are providing unprecedented insights into the intricacy of the host-pathogen interaction. The nature of a protective response is more complex than previously hypothesised. Here, we integrate recent evidence from human studies and unbiased approaches to consider how Mtb causes human TB and highlight the recurring theme of extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Elkington
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Marta E Polak
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Michaela T Reichmann
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Alasdair Leslie
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Risk of Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030765. [PMID: 35160218 PMCID: PMC8836400 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a known risk factor for lung cancer. However, a detailed analysis of lung cancer type, age, sex, smoking, and TB burden associated with geographic and socioeconomic status has not been performed previously. We systematically appraised relevant observational studies reporting an association between pulmonary TB and lung cancer. All studies were included in the primary analysis, and studies that used robust TB diagnostic methods, such as validated medical diagnostic codes, were included in the secondary analysis. Thirty-two articles were included. The association between the history of pulmonary TB and diagnosis of lung cancer was statistically significant (OR 2.09, 95% CI: 1.62–2.69, p < 0.001). There was a high heterogeneity (I2 = 95%), without any publication bias. The analysis indicated a high association in advanced articles describing stringent pulmonary TB diagnosis (OR 2.26, 95% CI: 1.29–3.94, p = 0.004). The subgroup analyses suggested a significant association in countries with medium or high TB burdens, from East Asia and the Pacific region, and upper-middle income countries. Heterogeneity within the subgroups remained high in a majority of the subgroup analyses. A meta-regression analysis revealed that younger patients showed a significantly higher association between TB and lung cancer (regression coefficient = 0.949, p < 0.001). The history of pulmonary TB is an independent risk factor for lung cancer, especially in younger patients diagnosed with pulmonary TB. Clinicians should be aware of this association while treating young patients with a history of pulmonary TB.
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Borah K, Xu Y, McFadden J. Dissecting Host-Pathogen Interactions in TB Using Systems-Based Omic Approaches. Front Immunol 2021; 12:762315. [PMID: 34795672 PMCID: PMC8593131 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.762315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a devastating infectious disease that kills over a million people every year. There is an increasing burden of multi drug resistance (MDR) and extensively drug resistance (XDR) TB. New and improved therapies are urgently needed to overcome the limitations of current treatment. The causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one of the most successful pathogens that can manipulate host cell environment for adaptation, evading immune defences, virulence, and pathogenesis of TB infection. Host-pathogen interaction is important to establish infection and it involves a complex set of processes. Metabolic cross talk between the host and pathogen is a facet of TB infection and has been an important topic of research where there is growing interest in developing therapies and drugs that target these interactions and metabolism of the pathogen in the host. Mtb scavenges multiple nutrient sources from the host and has adapted its metabolism to survive in the intracellular niche. Advancements in systems-based omic technologies have been successful to unravel host-pathogen interactions in TB. In this review we discuss the application and usefulness of omics in TB research that provides promising interventions for developing anti-TB therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Borah
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Johnjoe McFadden
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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15
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Anes E, Azevedo-Pereira JM, Pires D. Cathepsins and Their Endogenous Inhibitors in Host Defense During Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:726984. [PMID: 34421929 PMCID: PMC8371317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.726984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The moment a very old bacterial pathogen met a young virus from the 80's defined the beginning of a tragic syndemic for humanity. Such is the case for the causative agent of tuberculosis and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Syndemic is by definition a convergence of more than one disease resulting in magnification of their burden. Both pathogens work synergistically contributing to speed up the replication of each other. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and HIV infections are in the 21st century among the leaders of morbidity and mortality of humankind. There is an urgent need for development of new approaches for prevention, better diagnosis, and new therapies for both infections. Moreover, these approaches should consider Mtb and HIV as a co-infection, rather than just as separate problems, to prevent further aggravation of the HIV-TB syndemic. Both pathogens manipulate the host immune responses to establish chronic infections in intracellular niches of their host cells. This includes manipulation of host relevant antimicrobial proteases such as cathepsins or their endogenous inhibitors. Here we discuss recent understanding on how Mtb and HIV interact with cathepsins and their inhibitors in their multifactorial functions during the pathogenesis of both infections. Particularly we will address the role on pathogen transmission, during establishment of intracellular chronic niches and in granuloma clinical outcome and tuberculosis diagnosis. This area of research will open new avenues for the design of innovative therapies and diagnostic interventions so urgently needed to fight this threat to humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Anes
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Miguel Azevedo-Pereira
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David Pires
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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16
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Roy D, Ehtesham NZ, Hasnain SE. Is Mycobacterium tuberculosis carcinogenic to humans? FASEB J 2021; 35:e21853. [PMID: 34416038 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001581rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We highlight the ability of the tuberculosis (TB) causing bacterial pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), to induce key characteristics that are associated with established IARC classified Group 1 and Group 2A carcinogenic agents. There is sufficient evidence from epidemiological case-control, cohort and meta-analysis studies of increased lung cancer (LC) risk in pre-existing/active/old TB cases. Similar to carcinogens and other pathogenic infectious agents, exposure to aerosol-containing Mtb sprays in mice produce malignant transformation of cells that result in squamous cell carcinoma. Convincing, mechanistic data show several characteristics shared between TB and LC which include chronic inflammation, genomic instability and replicative immortality, just to name a few cancer hallmarks. These hallmarks of cancer may serve as precursors to malignant transformation. Together, these findings form the basis of our postulate that Mtb is a complete human pulmonary carcinogen. We also discuss how Mtb may act as both an initiating agent and promoter of tumor growth. Forthcoming experimental studies will not only serve as proof-of-concept but will also pivot our understanding of how to manage/treat TB cases as well as offer solutions to clinical conundrums of TB lesions masquerading as tumors. Clinical validation of our concept may also help pave the way for next generation personalized medicine for the management of pulmonary TB/cancer particularly for cases that are not responding well to conventional chemotherapy or TB drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deodutta Roy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nasreen Z Ehtesham
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Seyed Ehtesham Hasnain
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India.,Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IIT-D), New Delhi, India
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17
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Reichmann MT, Tezera LB, Vallejo AF, Vukmirovic M, Xiao R, Reynolds J, Jogai S, Wilson S, Marshall B, Jones MG, Leslie A, D’Armiento JM, Kaminski N, Polak ME, Elkington P. Integrated transcriptomic analysis of human tuberculosis granulomas and a biomimetic model identifies therapeutic targets. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:148136. [PMID: 34128839 PMCID: PMC8321576 DOI: 10.1172/jci148136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a persistent global pandemic, and standard treatment for it has not changed for 30 years. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has undergone prolonged coevolution with humans, and patients can control Mtb even after extensive infection, demonstrating the fine balance between protective and pathological host responses within infected granulomas. We hypothesized that whole transcriptome analysis of human TB granulomas isolated by laser capture microdissection could identify therapeutic targets, and that comparison with a noninfectious granulomatous disease, sarcoidosis, would identify disease-specific pathological mechanisms. Bioinformatic analysis of RNAseq data identified numerous shared pathways between TB and sarcoidosis lymph nodes, and also specific clusters demonstrating TB results from a dysregulated inflammatory immune response. To translate these insights, we compared 3 primary human cell culture models at the whole transcriptome level and demonstrated that the 3D collagen granuloma model most closely reflected human TB disease. We investigated shared signaling pathways with human disease and identified 12 intracellular enzymes as potential therapeutic targets. Sphingosine kinase 1 inhibition controlled Mtb growth, concurrently reducing intracellular pH in infected monocytes and suppressing inflammatory mediator secretion. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that sphingosine kinase 1 is expressed in human lung TB granulomas, and therefore represents a host therapeutic target to improve TB outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela T. Reichmann
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Liku B. Tezera
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andres F. Vallejo
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Milica Vukmirovic
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rui Xiao
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Sanjay Jogai
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Wilson
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Marshall
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark G. Jones
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair Leslie
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
| | | | - Naftali Kaminski
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marta E. Polak
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Elkington
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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