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El-Fakharany EM, El-Gendi H, Saleh AK, El-Sayed MH, Alalawy AI, Jame R, Abdelaziz MA, Alshareef SA, El-Maradny YA. The use of proteins and peptides-based therapy in managing and preventing pathogenic viruses. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132254. [PMID: 38729501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins have been employed for centuries and reached approximately 50 % of all drugs investigated. By 2023, they represented one of the top 10 largest-selling pharma products ($387.03 billion) and are anticipated to reach around $653.35 billion by 2030. Growth hormones, insulin, and interferon (IFN α, γ, and β) are among the leading applied therapeutic proteins with a higher market share. Protein-based therapies have opened new opportunities to control various diseases, including metabolic disorders, tumors, and viral outbreaks. Advanced recombinant DNA biotechnology has offered the production of therapeutic proteins and peptides for vaccination, drugs, and diagnostic tools. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression host systems, including bacterial, fungal, animal, mammalian, and plant cells usually applied for recombinant therapeutic proteins large-scale production. However, several limitations face therapeutic protein production and applications at the commercial level, including immunogenicity, integrity concerns, protein stability, and protein degradation under different circumstances. In this regard, protein-engineering strategies such as PEGylation, glycol-engineering, Fc-fusion, albumin conjugation, and fusion, assist in increasing targeting, product purity, production yield, functionality, and the half-life of therapeutic protein circulation. Therefore, a comprehensive insight into therapeutic protein research and findings pave the way for their successful implementation, which will be discussed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute GEBRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA city), New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt; Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg Al-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Hamada El-Gendi
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA city), New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Ahmed K Saleh
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, El-Tahrir St., Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H El-Sayed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts-Rafha, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel I Alalawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Jame
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Abdelaziz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Yousra A El-Maradny
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg Al-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt; Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Alamein 51718, Egypt
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2
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Bellier JP, Roman A, Christiano C, Anzai JA, Moreno S, Campbell EC, Godwin L, Li A, Chen A, Alan SM, Saba A, Yoo HB, Yang HS, Chhatwal JP, Selkoe DJ, Liu L. Identification of Fibrinogen as a Plasma Protein Binding Partner for Lecanemab Biosimilar IgG: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.01.591892. [PMID: 38746192 PMCID: PMC11092601 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.01.591892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recombinant monoclonal therapeutic antibodies like lecanemab, which target amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease, offer a promising approach for modifying the disease progression. Due to its relatively short half-life, Lecanemab, administered as a bi-monthly infusion (typically 10mg/kg) has a relatively brief half-life. Interaction with abundant plasma proteins binder in the bloodstream can affect pharmacokinetics of drugs, including their half-life. In this study we investigated potential plasma protein binding interaction to lecanemab using lecanemab biosimilar. METHODS Lecanemab biosimilar used in this study was based on publicly available sequences. ELISA and Western blotting were used to assess lecanemab biosimilar immunoreactivity in the fractions human plasma sample obtained through size exclusion chromatography. The binding of lecanemab biosimilar to candidate binders was confirmed by Western blotting, ELISA, and surface plasmon resonance analysis. RESULTS Using a combination of equilibrium dialysis, ELISA, and Western blotting in human plasma, we first describe the presence of likely plasma protein binding partner to lecanemab biosimilar, and then identify fibrinogen as one of them. Utilizing surface plasmon resonance, we confirmed that lecanemab biosimilar does bind to fibrinogen, although with lower affinity than to monomeric amyloid beta. CONCLUSION In the context of lecanemab therapy, these results imply that fibrinogen levels could impact the levels of free antibodies in the bloodstream and that fibrinogen might serve as a reservoir for lecanemab. More broadly, these results indicate that plasma protein binding may be an important consideration when clinically utilizing therapeutic antibodies in neurodegenerative disease.
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Elkhashab M, Dilek Y, Foss M, Creemers LB, Howard KA. A Modular Albumin-Oligonucleotide Biomolecular Assembly for Delivery of Antisense Therapeutics. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:491-500. [PMID: 38214218 PMCID: PMC10848253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Antisense nucleic acid drugs are susceptible to nuclease degradation, rapid renal clearance, and short circulatory half-life. In this work, we introduce a modular-based recombinant human albumin-oligonucleotide (rHA-cODN) biomolecular assembly that allows incorporation of a chemically stabilized therapeutic gapmer antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) and FcRn-driven endothelial cellular recycling. A phosphodiester ODN linker (cODN) was conjugated to recombinant human albumin (rHA) using maleimide chemistry, after which a complementary gapmer ASO, targeting ADAMTS5 involved in osteoarthritis pathogenesis, was annealed. The rHA-cODN/ASO biomolecular assembly production, fluorescence labeling, and purity were confirmed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. ASO release was triggered by DNase-mediated degradation of the linker strand, reaching 40% in serum after 72 h, with complete release observed following 30 min of incubation with DNase. Cellular internalization and trafficking of the biomolecular assembly using confocal microscopy in C28/I2 cells showed higher uptake and endosomal localization by increasing incubation time from 4 to 24 h. FcRn-mediated cellular recycling of the assembly was demonstrated in FcRn-expressing human microvascular endothelial cells. ADAMTS5 in vitro silencing efficiency reached 40%, which was comparable to free gapmer after 72 h incubation with human osteoarthritis patients' chondrocytes. This work introduces a versatile biomolecular modular-based "Plug-and-Play" platform potentially applicable for albumin-mediated half-life extension for a range of different types of ODN therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Elkhashab
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yeter Dilek
- Department
of Orthopedics, University Medical Center
Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Morten Foss
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Laura B. Creemers
- Department
of Orthopedics, University Medical Center
Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth A. Howard
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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4
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Badr H, Young PE, Dong J, Okorodudu AO. Combined bisalbuminemia and Bisalbuminuria: A rare finding on serum and urine electrophoresis. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 552:117635. [PMID: 37952813 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisalbuminemia and bisalbuminuria are rarely encountered serum and urine albumin anomalies characterized by the presence of a bifid albumin band on serum/urine protein electrophoresis (SPE/UPE) and serum/urine immunofixation electrophoresis (SIFE/UIFE). They are usually detected incidentally while screening for monoclonal gammopathy with a cumulative frequency of 1:1,000---1:10,000. CASE REPORT We report two cases of bisalbuminemia in two adult male diabetic patients. The first patient had a history of rheumatoid arthritis and strong clinical suspicion for Sjogren syndrome. The SPEP/UPEP and SIFE/UIFE in this patient showed combined bisalbuminemia and bisalbuminuria. While the second patient had chronic kidney disease due to nephrotic syndrome but showed bisalbuminemia alone. CONCLUSION Bisalbuminemia and bisalbuminuria are rare findings with few case reports available in the English literature. These findings may occur secondary to inherited albumin variants or may be acquired. Diabetes mellitus is the medical condition most associated with acquired bisalbuminemia and bisalbuminuria. Although most cases of bisalbuminemia and bisalbuminuria are clinically insignificant, some albumin variants may have altered affinity for steroid hormones (e.g., thyroxine) and/or drugs which potentially could be clinically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Badr
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Paul E Young
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jianli Dong
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Anthony O Okorodudu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.
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5
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Garg U, Jain N, Kaul S, Nagaich U. Role of Albumin as a Targeted Drug Carrier in the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5345-5358. [PMID: 37870420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
An endogenous transporter protein called albumin interacts with the Fc receptor to provide it with multiple substrate-binding domains, cell membrane receptor activation, and an extended circulating half-life. Albumin has the remarkable ability to bind with receptors viz. secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) and scavenger protein-A (SR-A) that are overexpressed during rheumatoid arthritis (RA), enabling active targeting of the disease site instead of requiring specialized substrates to be added to the nanocarrier. RA, a chronic autoimmune illness, is characterized by the presence of a severe inflammatory response. RA patients have low serum albumin concentration, which signifies the high uptake of albumin at the inflammatory sites, giving a rationale to use albumin as a drug carrier for RA therapy. Albumin has the capacity for both passive and active targeting. It is an abundantly available protein in the bloodstream showing excellent cellular compatibility, degradability in biological tissues, nonantigenicity, and safety. There are three strategies of albumin mediated drug delivery as encapsulating therapeutics in albumin nanoparticles, chemically conjugating drugs with functional proteins, and albumin itself which is used as a targeting ligand to deliver drugs specifically to cells or tissues that express albumin-binding receptors. In the current review, an attempt has been made to highlight the significant evidence of albumin as a drug delivery carrier for the safe and effective management of RA. Evidence has been provided in the form of recent research advances, clinical trials, and patents. Additionally, this review will outline the prospective for the potential utilization of albumin as a drug vehicle for RA and suggest possible future avenues to provide the perspective for subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unnati Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Neha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Shreya Kaul
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Upendra Nagaich
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
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Bai Z, Méndez-Sánchez N, Romeiro FG, Mancuso A, Philips CA, Tacke F, Basaranoglu M, Primignani M, Ibrahim M, Wong YJ, Nery FG, Teschke R, Ferreira CN, Muñoz AE, Pinyopornpanish K, Thevenot T, Singh SP, Mohanty A, Satapathy SK, Ridola L, Maruyama H, Cholongitas E, Levi Sandri GB, Yang L, Shalimar, Yang Y, Villa E, Krag A, Wong F, Jalan R, O’Brien A, Bernardi M, Qi X. Use of albumin infusion for cirrhosis-related complications: An international position statement. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100785. [PMID: 37456673 PMCID: PMC10339261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Numerous studies have evaluated the role of human albumin (HA) in managing various liver cirrhosis-related complications. However, their conclusions remain partially controversial, probably because HA was evaluated in different settings, including indications, patient characteristics, and dosage and duration of therapy. Methods Thirty-three investigators from 19 countries with expertise in the management of liver cirrhosis-related complications were invited to organise an International Special Interest Group. A three-round Delphi consensus process was conducted to complete the international position statement on the use of HA for treatment of liver cirrhosis-related complications. Results Twelve clinically significant position statements were proposed. Short-term infusion of HA should be recommended for the management of hepatorenal syndrome, large volume paracentesis, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver cirrhosis. Its effects on the prevention or treatment of other liver cirrhosis-related complications should be further elucidated. Long-term HA administration can be considered in specific settings. Pulmonary oedema should be closely monitored as a potential adverse effect in cirrhotic patients receiving HA infusion. Conclusions Based on the currently available evidence, the international position statement suggests the potential benefits of HA for the management of multiple liver cirrhosis-related complications and summarises its safety profile. However, its optimal timing and infusion strategy remain to be further elucidated. Impact and implications Thirty-three investigators from 19 countries proposed 12 position statements on the use of human albumin (HA) infusion in liver cirrhosis-related complications. Based on current evidence, short-term HA infusion should be recommended for the management of HRS, LVP, and SBP; whereas, long-term HA administration can be considered in the setting where budget and logistical issues can be resolved. However, pulmonary oedema should be closely monitored in cirrhotic patients who receive HA infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Department of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Andrea Mancuso
- Medicina Interna 1, Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale ad Alta Specializzazione Civico-Di Cristina-Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cyriac Abby Philips
- Clinical and Translational Hepatology, The Liver Institute, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, India
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Metin Basaranoglu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Massimo Primignani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Mostafa Ibrahim
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yu Jun Wong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Filipe Gaio Nery
- Serviço de Cuidados Intensivos, Unidade de Cuidados Intermédios Médico-Cirúrgica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, Germany
| | - Carlos Noronha Ferreira
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia e Hepatologia, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alberto E. Muñoz
- Sección Hepatología, Hospital Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kanokwan Pinyopornpanish
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thierry Thevenot
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service d’Hépatologie et de Soins Intensifs Digestifs, Besançon, France
| | | | - Arpan Mohanty
- Section of Gastroenterology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanjaya K. Satapathy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatology, Sandra Atlas Bass Center for Liver Diseases & Transplantation, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine for Hofstra/Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Lorenzo Ridola
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Hitoshi Maruyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Evangelos Cholongitas
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Li Yang
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Yongping Yang
- Senior Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Erica Villa
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Italy
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Florence Wong
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rajiv Jalan
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, The Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Mauro Bernardi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Xingshun Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Department of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - the Liver Cirrhosis-related Complications (LCC)-International Special Interest Group
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Department of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Medicina Interna 1, Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale ad Alta Specializzazione Civico-Di Cristina-Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy
- Clinical and Translational Hepatology, The Liver Institute, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, India
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
- Serviço de Cuidados Intensivos, Unidade de Cuidados Intermédios Médico-Cirúrgica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, Germany
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia e Hepatologia, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
- Sección Hepatología, Hospital Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service d’Hépatologie et de Soins Intensifs Digestifs, Besançon, France
- Kalinga Gastroenterology Foundation, Odisha, India
- Section of Gastroenterology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatology, Sandra Atlas Bass Center for Liver Diseases & Transplantation, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine for Hofstra/Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Division of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, San Camillo Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Senior Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Italy
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, The Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
- Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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7
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Pannek A, Becker-Gotot J, Dower SK, Verhagen AM, Gleeson PA. The endosomal system of primary human vascular endothelial cells and albumin-FcRn trafficking. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260912. [PMID: 37565427 PMCID: PMC10445748 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) has a long circulatory half-life owing, in part, to interaction with the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn or FCGRT) in acidic endosomes and recycling of internalised albumin. Vascular endothelial and innate immune cells are considered the most relevant cells for FcRn-mediated albumin homeostasis in vivo. However, little is known about endocytic trafficking of FcRn-albumin complexes in primary human endothelial cells. To investigate FcRn-albumin trafficking in physiologically relevant endothelial cells, we generated primary human vascular endothelial cell lines from blood endothelial precursors, known as blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs). We mapped the endosomal system in BOECs and showed that BOECs efficiently internalise fluorescently labelled HSA predominantly by fluid-phase macropinocytosis. Pulse-chase studies revealed that intracellular HSA molecules co-localised with FcRn in acidic endosomal structures and that the wildtype HSA, but not the non-FcRn-binding HSAH464Q mutant, was excluded from late endosomes and/or lysosomes. Live imaging revealed that HSA is partitioned into FcRn-positive tubules derived from maturing macropinosomes, which are then transported towards the plasma membrane. These findings identify the FcRn-albumin trafficking pathway in primary vascular endothelial cells, relevant to albumin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Pannek
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology (IMMEI), University Clinic Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Janine Becker-Gotot
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology (IMMEI), University Clinic Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Steven K. Dower
- CSL Limited, Research, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anne M. Verhagen
- CSL Limited, Research, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul A. Gleeson
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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8
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Rahali MA, Lakis R, Sauvage FL, Pinault E, Marquet P, Saint-Marcoux F, El Balkhi S. Posttranslational-modifications of human-serum-albumin analysis by a top-down approach validated by a comprehensive bottom-up analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1224:123740. [PMID: 37182409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The posttranslational modifications (PTM) of human serum albumin (HSA) can result in the development of isoforms that have been identified as potential biomarkers for advanced hepatic diseases. However, previous approaches using top-down (TD) analysis to identify isoforms based on molecular weight may have resulted in misidentifications. The nature of the identified isoforms has never been confirmed in previous works. Here, we aimed to critically evaluate TD for the characterization and determination of HSA isoforms in patients and make an inventory of HSA-PTM. Serum samples from control subjects and patients with liver dysfunctions were analyzed using both top-down (TD) and bottom-up (BU) approaches. TD analysis involved using a LC-TOF-MS system to obtain a multicharged spectrum of HSA, which was deconvoluted to identify isoforms. Spectra were then used for relative quantitation analysis of albumin isoform abundances based on trapezoidal integration. For BU analysis, serums were reduced +/- alkylated, digested with trypsin and analyzed in the Q-TOF, data-dependent acquisition (DDA) mode to generate a SWATH-MS high-resolution mass spectral library of all HSA peptides. Tryptic digests of another set of serum samples were then analyzed using data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode to confirm the presence of HSA isoforms and their modification sites. TD detected 15 isoforms corresponding to various modifications, including glycation, cysteinylation, nitrosylation, and oxidation (di- and tri-). In BU, the spectral library containing 127 peptides allowed for the characterization of the important isoforms with their modified sites, including some modifications that were only characterized in BU (carbamylation, deamidation, and amino-acid substitution). The method used for determining isoforms offered acceptable reproducibility (intra-/inter-assay CVs < 15%) for all isoforms present at relative abundances higher than 2%. Overall, the study found that several isoforms could be missed or misidentified by TD. However, all HSA isoforms identified by TD and reported to be relevant in liver dysfunctions were confirmed by BU. This critical evaluation of TD approach helped design an adequate and reliable method for the characterization of HSA isoforms in patients and offers the possibility to estimate isoform abundances within 3 min. These findings have significant implications for the diagnosis and treatment of liver dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad-Ali Rahali
- P&T, UMR1248, University of Limoges, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Limoges, France
| | - Roy Lakis
- P&T, UMR1248, University of Limoges, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Limoges, France
| | - François-Ludovic Sauvage
- P&T, UMR1248, University of Limoges, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Limoges, France
| | - Emilie Pinault
- P&T, UMR1248, University of Limoges, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Limoges, France
| | - Pierre Marquet
- P&T, UMR1248, University of Limoges, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Limoges, France; Department of pharmacology, toxicology and pharmacovigilance, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Franck Saint-Marcoux
- P&T, UMR1248, University of Limoges, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Limoges, France; Department of pharmacology, toxicology and pharmacovigilance, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Souleiman El Balkhi
- P&T, UMR1248, University of Limoges, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Limoges, France; Department of pharmacology, toxicology and pharmacovigilance, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France.
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9
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Esawi E, Mahmoud IS, Abdullah MS, Abuarqoub DA, Ahram MA, Alshaer WM. 1,4-Naphthoquinone Induces FcRn Protein Expression and Albumin Recycling in Human THP-1 Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:16491-16499. [PMID: 37179634 PMCID: PMC10173444 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) has been established as a major factor in regulating the metabolism of albumin and IgG in humans by protecting them from intracellular degradation after they are endocytosed into cells. We assume that increasing the levels of endogenous FcRn proteins in cells would be beneficial to enhance the recycling of these molecules. In this study, we identify the compound 1,4-naphthoquinone as an efficient stimulator of FcRn protein expression in human THP-1 monocytic cells with potency at the submicromolar range. Also, the compound increased the subcellular localization of FcRn to the endocytic recycling compartment and enhanced human serum albumin recycling in the PMA-induced THP-1 cells. These results suggest that 1,4-naphthoquinone stimulates FcRn expression and activity in human monocytic cells in vitro and it could open a new avenue for designing cotreatment agents to enhance the efficacy of biological treatments such as albumin-conjugated drugs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezaldeen
Ismael Esawi
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King
Hussein Cancer Centre, Amman 11941, Jordan
| | - Ismail Sami Mahmoud
- Department
of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
- . Tel: 00962797545880
| | | | - Duaa Azmi Abuarqoub
- Cell
Therapy Centre, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department
of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical
Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11180, Jordan
| | - Mamoun Ahmad Ahram
- Department
of Physiology and Biochemistry, The University
of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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10
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Ebrahimi SB, Samanta D. Engineering protein-based therapeutics through structural and chemical design. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2411. [PMID: 37105998 PMCID: PMC10132957 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-based therapeutics have led to new paradigms in disease treatment. Projected to be half of the top ten selling drugs in 2023, proteins have emerged as rivaling and, in some cases, superior alternatives to historically used small molecule-based medicines. This review chronicles both well-established and emerging design strategies that have enabled this paradigm shift by transforming protein-based structures that are often prone to denaturation, degradation, and aggregation in vitro and in vivo into highly effective therapeutics. In particular, we discuss strategies for creating structures with increased affinity and targetability, enhanced in vivo stability and pharmacokinetics, improved cell permeability, and reduced amounts of undesired immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha B Ebrahimi
- Drug Product Development-Steriles, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA.
| | - Devleena Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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11
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Psoriatic arthritis: review of potential biomarkers predicting response to TNF inhibitors. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:77-87. [PMID: 36508130 PMCID: PMC9957889 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic and painful inflammatory immune-mediated disease. It affects up to 40% of people with psoriasis and it is associated with several comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension. PsA is difficult to diagnose because of its diverse symptoms, namely axial and peripheral arthritis, enthesitis, dactylitis, skin changes, and nail dystrophy. Different drugs exist to treat the inflammation and pain. When patients do not respond to conventional drugs, they are treated with biologic drugs. Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi's) are commonly given as the first biologic drug; beside being expensive, they also lack efficacy in 50% of patients. A biomarker predicting individual patient's response to TNFi would help treating them earlier with an appropriate biologic drug. This study aimed to review the literature to identify potential biomarkers that should be investigated for their predictive ability. Several such biomarkers were identified, namely transmembrane TNFα (tmTNF), human serum albumin (HSA) and its half-life receptor, the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) which is also involved in IgG lifespan; calprotectin, high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) whose overexpression lead to excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines; lymphotoxin α (LTα) which induces inflammation by binding to TNF receptor (TNFR); and T helper 17 (Th17) cells which induce inflammation by IL-17A secretion.
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12
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Fernández-Quintero ML, Ljungars A, Waibl F, Greiff V, Andersen JT, Gjølberg TT, Jenkins TP, Voldborg BG, Grav LM, Kumar S, Georges G, Kettenberger H, Liedl KR, Tessier PM, McCafferty J, Laustsen AH. Assessing developability early in the discovery process for novel biologics. MAbs 2023; 15:2171248. [PMID: 36823021 PMCID: PMC9980699 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2171248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond potency, a good developability profile is a key attribute of a biological drug. Selecting and screening for such attributes early in the drug development process can save resources and avoid costly late-stage failures. Here, we review some of the most important developability properties that can be assessed early on for biologics. These include the influence of the source of the biologic, its biophysical and pharmacokinetic properties, and how well it can be expressed recombinantly. We furthermore present in silico, in vitro, and in vivo methods and techniques that can be exploited at different stages of the discovery process to identify molecules with liabilities and thereby facilitate the selection of the most optimal drug leads. Finally, we reflect on the most relevant developability parameters for injectable versus orally delivered biologics and provide an outlook toward what general trends are expected to rise in the development of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L. Fernández-Quintero
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anne Ljungars
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Franz Waibl
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Timothy P. Jenkins
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Gunnar Voldborg
- National Biologics Facility, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lise Marie Grav
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Guy Georges
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Kettenberger
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter M. Tessier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John McCafferty
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Maxion Therapeutics, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andreas H. Laustsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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13
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Kurtzhals P, Østergaard S, Nishimura E, Kjeldsen T. Derivatization with fatty acids in peptide and protein drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:59-80. [PMID: 36002588 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Peptides and proteins are widely used to treat a range of medical conditions; however, they often have to be injected and their effects are short-lived. These shortcomings of the native structure can be addressed by molecular engineering, but this is a complex undertaking. A molecular engineering technology initially applied to insulin - and which has now been successfully applied to several biopharmaceuticals - entails the derivatization of peptides and proteins with fatty acids. Various protraction mechanisms are enabled by the specific characteristics and positions of the attached fatty acid. Furthermore, the technology can ensure a long half-life following oral administration of peptide drugs, can alter the distribution of peptides and may hold potential for tissue targeting. Due to the inherent safety and well-defined chemical nature of the fatty acids, this technology provides a versatile approach to peptide and protein drug discovery.
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14
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Lin HJ, James I, Hyer CD, Haderlie CT, Zackrison MJ, Bateman TM, Berg M, Park JS, Daley SA, Zuniga Pina NR, Tseng YJJ, Moody JD, Price JC. Quantifying In Situ Structural Stabilities of Human Blood Plasma Proteins Using a Novel Iodination Protein Stability Assay. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2920-2935. [PMID: 36356215 PMCID: PMC9724711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Many of the diseases that plague society today are driven by a loss of protein quality. One method to quantify protein quality is to measure the protein folding stability (PFS). Here, we present a novel mass spectrometry (MS)-based approach for PFS measurement, iodination protein stability assay (IPSA). IPSA quantifies the PFS by tracking the surface-accessibility differences of tyrosine, histidine, methionine, and cysteine under denaturing conditions. Relative to current methods, IPSA increases protein coverage and granularity to track the PFS changes of a protein along its sequence. To our knowledge, this study is the first time the PFS of human serum proteins has been measured in the context of the blood serum (in situ). We show that IPSA can quantify the PFS differences between different transferrin iron-binding states in near in vivo conditions. We also show that the direction of the denaturation curve reflects the in vivo surface accessibility of the amino acid residue and reproducibly reports a residue-specific PFS. Along with IPSA, we introduce an analysis tool Chalf that provides a simple workflow to calculate the residue-specific PFS. The introduction of IPSA increases the potential to use protein structural stability as a structural quality metric in understanding the etiology and progression of human disease. Data is openly available at Chorusproject.org (project ID 1771).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Jung
L. Lin
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - Isabella James
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - Chad D. Hyer
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - Connor T. Haderlie
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - Michael J. Zackrison
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - Tyler M. Bateman
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - Monica Berg
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - Ji-Sun Park
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - S. Anisha Daley
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - Nathan R. Zuniga Pina
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - Yi-Jie J. Tseng
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - James D. Moody
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - John C. Price
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
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15
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Arvedson T, Bailis JM, Urbig T, Stevens JL. Considerations for design, manufacture, and delivery for effective and safe T-cell engager therapies. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102799. [PMID: 36179408 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
T-cell engager (TCE) molecules provide a targeted immunotherapy approach to treat hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Since the approval of the CD19-targeted BiTE® (bispecific T-cell engager) molecule blinatumomab, multiple TCE molecules against different targets have been developed in several tumor types, with the approval of three additional TCE molecules in 2022. Some of the initial challenges, such as the need for continuous intravenous administration and low productivity, have been addressed in subsequent iterations of the platform by advancing half-life extended, Fc-based molecules. As clinical data from these molecules emerge, additional optimization of formats and manufacturability will be necessary. Ongoing efforts are focused on further improving TCE efficacy, safety, and convenience of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Arvedson
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julie M Bailis
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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16
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Advanced EPI-X4 Derivatives Covalently Bind Human Serum Albumin Resulting in Prolonged Plasma Stability. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315029. [PMID: 36499357 PMCID: PMC9735595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced derivatives of the Endogenous Peptide Inhibitor of CXCR4 (EPI-X4) have shown therapeutic efficacy upon topical administration in animal models of asthma and dermatitis. Here, we studied the plasma stability of the EPI-X4 lead compounds WSC02 and JM#21, using mass spectrometry to monitor the chemical integrity of the peptides and a functional fluorescence-based assay to determine peptide function in a CXCR4-antibody competition assay. Although mass spectrometry revealed very rapid disappearance of both peptides in human plasma within seconds, the functional assay revealed a significantly higher half-life of 9 min for EPI-X4 WSC02 and 6 min for EPI-X4 JM#21. Further analyses demonstrated that EPI-X4 WSC02 and EPI-X4 JM#21 interact with low molecular weight plasma components and serum albumin. Albumin binding is mediated by the formation of a disulfide bridge between Cys10 in the EPI-X4 peptides and Cys34 in albumin. These covalently linked albumin-peptide complexes have a higher stability in plasma as compared with the non-bound peptides and retain the ability to bind and antagonize CXCR4. Remarkably, chemically synthesized albumin-EPI-X4 conjugates coupled by non-breakable bonds have a drastically increased plasma stability of over 2 h. Thus, covalent coupling of EPI-X4 to albumin in vitro before administration or in vivo post administration may significantly increase the pharmacokinetic properties of this new class of CXCR4 antagonists.
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17
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Tess DA, Maurer TS, Li Z, Bulawa C, Fleming J, Moody AT. Relationship of binding-site occupancy, transthyretin stabilisation and disease modification in patients with tafamidis-treated transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy. Amyloid 2022:1-12. [PMID: 36399070 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2022.2145876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tafamidis inhibits progression of transthyretin (TTR) amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) by binding TTR tetramer and inhibiting dissociation to monomers capable of denaturation and deposition in cardiac tissue. While the phase 3 ATTR-ACT trial demonstrated the efficacy of tafamidis, the degree to which the approved dose captures the full potential of the mechanism has yet to be assessed. METHODS We developed a model of dynamic TTR concentrations in plasma to relate TTR occupancy by tafamidis to TTR stabilisation. We then developed population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models to characterise the relationship between stabilisation and measures of disease progression. RESULTS Modelling individual patient data of tafamidis exposure and increased plasma TTR confirmed that single-site binding provides complete tetramer stabilisation in vivo. The approved dose was estimated to reduce unbound TTR tetramer by 92%, and was associated with 53%, 56% and 49% decreases in the rate of change in NT-proBNP, KCCQ-OS, and six-minute walk test disease progression measures, respectively. Simulating complete TTR stabilisation predicted slightly greater reductions of 58%, 61% and 54%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the value of TTR stabilisation as a clinically beneficial treatment option in ATTR-CM and the ability of tafamidis to realise nearly the full therapeutic benefit of this mechanism. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER NCT01994889.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Tess
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tristan S Maurer
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhenhong Li
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - James Fleming
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amy T Moody
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
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18
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An albumin-angiotensin converting enzyme 2-based SARS-CoV-2 decoy with FcRn-driven half-life extension. Acta Biomater 2022; 153:411-418. [PMID: 36162760 PMCID: PMC9508356 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mutants and breakthrough infections despite available coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines calls for antiviral therapeutics. The application of soluble angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 decoy that reduces cell bound ACE2-mediated virus entry is limited by a short plasma half-life. This work presents a recombinant human albumin ACE2 genetic fusion (rHA-ACE2) to increase the plasma half-life by an FcRn-driven cellular recycling mechanism, investigated using a wild type (WT) albumin sequence and sequence engineered with null FcRn binding (NB). Binding of rHA-ACE2 fusions to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subdomain 1 (S1) was demonstrated (WT-ACE2 KD = 32.8 nM and NB-ACE2 KD = 31.7 nM) using Bio-Layer Interferometry and dose-dependent in vitro inhibition of host cell infection of pseudotyped viruses displaying surface SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. FcRn-mediated in vitro recycling was translated to a five times greater plasma half-life of WT-ACE2 (t½ β = 13.5 h) than soluble ACE2 (t½ β = 2.8 h) in humanised FcRn/albumin double transgenic mice. The rHA-ACE2-based SARS-CoV-2 decoy system exhibiting FcRn-driven circulatory half-life extension introduced in this work offers the potential to expand and improve the anti-COVID-19 anti-viral drug armoury. Statement of significance The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for rapid development of efficient antiviral therapeutics to combat SARS-CoV-2 and new mutants to lower morbidity and mortality in severe cases, and for people that are unable to receive a vaccine. Here we report a therapeutic albumin ACE2 fusion protein (rHA-ACE2), that can bind SARS-CoV-2 S protein decorated virus-like particles to inhibit viral infection, and exhibits extended in vivo half-life compared to ACE2 alone. Employing ACE2 as a binding decoy for the virus is expected to efficiently inhibit all SARS-CoV-2 mutants as they all rely on binding with endogenous ACE2 for viral cell entry and, therefore, rHA-ACE2 constitutes a versatile addition to the therapeutic arsenal for combatting COVID-19.
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19
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Grimm E, van der Hoeven F, Sardella D, Willig KI, Engel U, Veits N, Engel R, Cavalcanti-Adam EA, Bestvater F, Bordoni L, Jennemann R, Schönig K, Schiessl IM, Sandhoff R. A Clathrin light chain A reporter mouse for in vivo imaging of endocytosis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273660. [PMID: 36149863 PMCID: PMC9506643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is one of the best studied cellular uptake pathways and its contributions to nutrient uptake, receptor signaling, and maintenance of the lipid membrane homeostasis have been already elucidated. Today, we still have a lack of understanding how the different components of this pathway cooperate dynamically in vivo. Therefore, we generated a reporter mouse model for CME by fusing eGFP endogenously in frame to clathrin light chain a (Clta) to track endocytosis in living mice. The fusion protein is expressed in all tissues, but in a cell specific manner, and can be visualized using fluorescence microscopy. Recruitment to nanobeads recorded by TIRF microscopy validated the functionality of the Clta-eGFP reporter. With this reporter model we were able to track the dynamics of Alexa594-BSA uptake in kidneys of anesthetized mice using intravital 2-photon microscopy. This reporter mouse model is not only a suitable and powerful tool to track CME in vivo in genetic or disease mouse models it can also help to shed light into the differential roles of the two clathrin light chain isoforms in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Grimm
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (EG); (RS)
| | | | - Donato Sardella
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Katrin I. Willig
- Optical Nanoscopy in Neuroscience, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Engel
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Nikon Imaging Center at Heidelberg University and Centre of Organismal Studies (COS), Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nisha Veits
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Engel
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Felix Bestvater
- Light Microscopy Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luca Bordoni
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Richard Jennemann
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Schönig
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (EG); (RS)
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20
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Lou H, Cao X. Antibody variable region engineering for improving cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:804-827. [PMID: 35822503 PMCID: PMC9456695 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy and specificity of conventional monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs in the clinic require further improvement. Currently, the development and application of novel antibody formats for improving cancer immunotherapy have attracted much attention. Variable region-retaining antibody fragments, such as antigen-binding fragment (Fab), single-chain variable fragment (scFv), bispecific antibody, and bi/trispecific cell engagers, are engineered with humanization, multivalent antibody construction, affinity optimization and antibody masking for targeting tumor cells and killer cells to improve antibody-based therapy potency, efficacy and specificity. In this review, we summarize the application of antibody variable region engineering and discuss the future direction of antibody engineering for improving cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hantao Lou
- Ludwig Institute of Cancer ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX3 7DRUK
- Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX3 7FZUK
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX3 7FZUK
- Department of ImmunologyCentre for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100005P. R. China
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21
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Assessing the Impacts of Preanalytical Field Sampling Challenges on the Reliability of Serum Aflatoxin B1-Lysine Measurements by Use of LC-MS/MS. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090612. [PMID: 36136549 PMCID: PMC9503385 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin exposure is endemic in developing countries with warm, humid climates that promote toxigenic mold growth on crops and foodstuffs. Estimating human aflatoxin exposure is key to identifying and abating contamination sources. Serum aflatoxin B1 bound to albumin lysine (AFB1-lys) is a preferred exposure biomarker, but field sample collection, processing, transportation, and storage logistics are challenging. We validated an improved LC-MS/MS method for serum AFB1-lys and applied it to three field sampling challenges: transportation/storage (elevated temperature); collection/processing (hemolysis); and sample type substitution (heparinized plasma). Our new LC-MS/MS method had a LOD of 0.03 ng/mL, accuracy (mean spike recovery) of 112%, total imprecision (replicate pool measurements) ≤5% at ≥0.2 ng/mL, and results that were 95.1% similar (mean percentage similarity) to an established method. AFB1-lys in human serum spiked with serum from aflatoxin-dosed rats was stable for 14 days at both ambient (22.5 °C) and elevated (38 °C) temperatures. Simulated hemolysis (adding 0.25–3 mg hemoglobin) did not affect AFB1-lys accuracy at ≥0.5 ng/mL but caused 10–25% signal suppression. Heparinized plasma AFB1-lys was 99.0% similar to serum but interfered with albumin measurements (bromocresol green) causing spurious low bias. Further investigation is warranted, but our findings suggest that AFB1-lys is pre-analytically robust.
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Hawkins A, Joyce C, Brady K, Hold A, Smith A, Knight M, Howard C, van den Elsen J, Lawson AD, Macpherson A. The proximity of the N- and C- termini of bovine knob domains enable engineering of target specificity into polypeptide chains. MAbs 2022; 14:2076295. [PMID: 35634719 PMCID: PMC9154775 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2076295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine-rich knob domains can be isolated from the ultralong heavy-chain complementarity-determining region (CDR) 3, which are unique to a subset of bovine antibodies, to create antibody fragments of ~4 kDa. Advantageously, the N- and C- termini of these small binding domains are in close proximity, and we propose that this may offer a practical route to engineer extrinsic binding specificity into proteins. To test this, we transplanted knob domains into various loops of rat serum albumin, targeting sites that were distal to the interface with the neonatal Fc receptor. Using knob domains raised against the clinically validated drug target complement component C5, we produced potent inhibitors, which exhibit an extended plasma half-life in vivo via attenuated renal clearance and neonatal Fc receptor-mediated avoidance of lysosomal catabolism. The same approach was also used to modify a Camelid VHH, targeting a framework loop situated at the opposing end of the domain to the CDRs, to produce a small, single-chain bispecific antibody and a dual inhibitor of Complement C3 and C5. This study presents new protein inhibitors of the complement cascade and demonstrates a broadly applicable method to engineer target specificity within polypeptide chains, using bovine knob domains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Callum Joyce
- Early Solutions UCB Biopharma UK, Slough, UK
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Kevin Brady
- Early Solutions UCB Biopharma UK, Slough, UK
| | - Adam Hold
- Early Solutions UCB Biopharma UK, Slough, UK
| | - Alan Smith
- Biotech Solutions, UCB Biopharma UK, Slough, UK
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HSA-Binding Prodrugs-Based Nanoparticles Endowed with Chemo and Photo-Toxicity against Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040877. [PMID: 35205627 PMCID: PMC8870514 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploiting the tumor environment features (EPR effect, elevated glutathione, reactive oxygen species levels) might allow attaining a selective and responsive carrier capable of improving the therapeutic outcome. To this purpose, the in situ covalent binding of drugs and nanoparticles to circulating human serum albumin (HSA) might represent a pioneering approach to achieve an effective strategy. This study describes the synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of bioresponsive HSA-binding nanoparticles (MAL-PTX2S@Pba), co-delivering two different paclitaxel (PTX) prodrugs and the photosensitizer pheophorbide a (Pba), for the combined photo- and chemo-treatment of breast cancer. Stable and reproducible MAL-PTX2S@Pba nanoparticles with an average diameter of 82 nm and a PTX/Pba molar ratio of 2.5 were obtained by nanoprecipitation. The in vitro 2D combination experiments revealed that MAL-PTX2S@Pba treatment induces a strong inhibition of cell viability of MDA-MB-231, MCF7 and 4T1 cell lines, whereas 3D experiments displayed different trends: while MAL-PTX2S@Pba effectiveness was confirmed against MDA-MB-231 spheroids, the 4T1 model exhibited marked resistance. Lastly, despite using a low PTX-PDT regimen (e.g., 8.16 mg/Kg PTX and 2.34 mg/Kg Pba), our formulation showed to foster primary tumor reduction and curb lung metastases growth in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, thus setting the basis for further preclinical validations.
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Spencer E, Rosengrave P, Williman J, Shaw G, Carr AC. Circulating protein carbonyls are specifically elevated in critically ill patients with pneumonia relative to other sources of sepsis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:208-212. [PMID: 34818575 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Septic shock is a life-threatening dysregulated response to severe infection and is associated with elevated oxidative stress. We aimed to assess protein carbonyls in critically ill patients with different sources of sepsis and determine the effect of vitamin C intervention on protein carbonyl concentrations. METHODS Critically ill patients with septic shock (n = 40) were recruited, and sources of sepsis and ICU severity scores were recorded. The patients were randomised to receive either intravenous vitamin C (100 mg/kg body weight/day) or placebo infusions. Blood samples were collected at baseline and daily for up to three days for measurement of cell counts, vitamin C concentrations, protein carbonyls, C-reactive protein, and myeloperoxidase concentrations. RESULTS Protein carbonyl concentrations increased 2.2-fold in the cohort over the duration of the study (from 169 to 369 pmol/mg protein; p = 0.03). There were significant correlations between protein carbonyl concentrations and ICU severity scores (APACHE III r = 0.47 and SOFA r = 0.37; p < 0.05) at baseline. At study admission, the patients with pneumonia had nearly 3-fold higher protein carbonyl concentrations relative to the patients with other sources of sepsis (435 vs 157 pmol/mg protein, p < 0.0001). The septic patients had deficient vitamin C status at baseline (9.8 ± 1.4 μmol/L). This increased to 456 ± 90 μmol/L following three days of intravenous vitamin C intervention. Vitamin C intervention did not attenuate the increase in protein carbonyl concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Circulating protein carbonyls are specifically elevated in critically ill patients with pneumonia relative to other sources of sepsis. The reasons for this are currently unclear and may indicate a mechanism unique to pulmonary sources of sepsis. Intravenous vitamin C administration did not attenuate the increase in protein carbonyls over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Spencer
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Patrice Rosengrave
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand; Centre for Postgraduate Nursing Studies, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Williman
- Department of Population Health, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Geoff Shaw
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, Private Bag 4710, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Anitra C Carr
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
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Variations in the Human Serum Albumin Gene: Molecular and Functional Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031159. [PMID: 35163085 PMCID: PMC8835714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The human albumin gene, the most abundant serum protein, is located in the long arm of chromosome 4, near the centromere, position 4q11–3. It is divided by 14 intervening introns into 15 exons, the last of which is untranslated. To date, 74 nucleotide substitutions (mainly missense) have been reported, determining the circulating variants of albumin or pre-albumin. In a heterozygous state, this condition is known as alloalbuminaemia or bisalbuminaemia (OMIM # 103600). The genetic variants are not associated with disease, neither in the heterozygous nor in the homozygous form. Only the variants resulting in familial dysalbuminaemic hyperthyroxinaemia and hypertriiodothyroninaemia are of clinical relevance because affected individuals are at risk of inappropriate treatment or may have adverse drug effects. In 28 other cases, the pathogenic variants (mainly affecting splicing, nonsense, and deletions), mostly in the homozygous form, cause a premature stop in the synthesis of the protein and lead to the condition known as congenital analbuminaemia. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of genetic and molecular aspects, functional consequences and potential therapeutic uses of the variants. We will also discuss the molecular defects resulting in congenital analbuminaemia, as well as the biochemical and clinical features of this rare condition
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Renaud JB, Walsh JP, Sumarah MW. Simplified Synthesis and Stability Assessment of Aflatoxin B 1-Lysine and Aflatoxin G 1-Lysine. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14010056. [PMID: 35051035 PMCID: PMC8780103 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) and G1 (AFG1) are carcinogenic mycotoxins that contaminate crops such as maize and groundnuts worldwide. The broadly accepted method to assess chronic human aflatoxin exposure is by quantifying the amount of aflatoxin adducted to human serum albumin. This has been reported using ELISA, HPLC, or LC-MS/MS to measure the amount of AFB1-lysine released after proteolysis of serum albumin. LC-MS/MS is the most accurate method but requires both isotopically labelled and unlabelled AFB1-lysine standards, which are not commercially available. In this work, we report a simplified synthetic route to produce unlabelled, deuterated and 13C6 15N2 labelled aflatoxin B1-lysine and for the first-time aflatoxin G1-lysine. Additionally, we report on the stability of these compounds during storage. This simplified synthetic approach will make the production of these important standards more feasible for laboratories performing aflatoxin exposure studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B. Renaud
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada;
- Correspondence: (J.B.R.); (M.W.S.)
| | - Jacob P. Walsh
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Mark W. Sumarah
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.B.R.); (M.W.S.)
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Li XG, Velikyan I, Viitanen R, Roivainen A. PET radiopharmaceuticals for imaging inflammatory diseases. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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28
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van der Spoel E, Roelfsema F, van Heemst D. Relationships Between 24-hour LH and Testosterone Concentrations and With Other Pituitary Hormones in Healthy Older Men. J Endocr Soc 2021; 5:bvab075. [PMID: 34337275 PMCID: PMC8315483 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relationship between LH and testosterone (T), which characteristics associate with the strength of this relationship, and their interrelationships with GH, TSH, cortisol, and ACTH. Design Hormones were measured in serum samples collected every 10 minutes during 24 hours from 20 healthy men, comprising 10 offspring of long-lived families and 10 control subjects, with a mean (SD) age of 65.6 (5.3) years. We performed cross-correlation analyses to assess the relative strength between 2 timeseries for all possible time shifts. Results Mean (95% CI) maximal correlation was 0.21 (0.10-0.31) at lag time of 60 minutes between LH and total T concentrations. Results were comparable for calculated free, bioavailable, or secretion rates of T. Men with strong LH-T cross-correlations had, compared with men with no cross-correlation, lower fat mass (18.5 [14.9-19.7] vs. 22.3 [18.4-29.4] kg), waist circumference (93.6 [5.7] vs. 103.1 [12.0] cm), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (0.7 [0.4-1.3] vs. 1.8 [0.8-12.3] mg/L), IL-6 (0.8 [0.6-1.0] vs. 1.2 [0.9-3.0] pg/mL), and 24-hour mean LH (4.3 [2.0] vs. 6.1 [1.5] U/L), and stronger LH-T feedforward synchrony (1.5 [0.3] vs. 1.9 [0.2]). Furthermore, T was positively cross-correlated with TSH (0.32 [0.21-0.43]), cortisol (0.26 [0.19-0.33]), and ACTH (0.26 [0.19-0.32]). Conclusions LH is followed by T with a delay of 60 minutes in healthy older men. Men with a strong LH-T relationship had more favorable body composition, inflammatory markers, LH levels, and LH-T feedforward synchrony. We observed positive correlations between T and TSH, cortisol, and ACTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evie van der Spoel
- Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand Roelfsema
- Section Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Beh CY, Prajnamitra RP, Chen LL, Hsieh PCH. Advances in Biomimetic Nanoparticles for Targeted Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26165052. [PMID: 34443638 PMCID: PMC8401254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic nanoparticles have recently emerged as a novel drug delivery platform to improve drug biocompatibility and specificity at the desired disease site, especially the tumour microenvironment. Conventional nanoparticles often encounter rapid clearance by the immune system and have poor drug-targeting effects. The rapid development of nanotechnology provides an opportunity to integrate different types of biomaterials onto the surface of nanoparticles, which enables them to mimic the natural biological features and functions of the cells. This mimicry strategy favours the escape of biomimetic nanoparticles from clearance by the immune system and reduces potential toxic side effects. Despite the rapid development in this field, not much has progressed to the clinical stage. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop biomimetic-based nanomedicine to produce a highly specific and effective drug delivery system, especially for malignant tumours, which can be used for clinical purposes. Here, the recent developments for various types of biomimetic nanoparticles are discussed, along with their applications for cancer imaging and treatments.
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30
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Liu N, Han J, Li Y, Jiang Y, Shi SX, Lok J, Whalen M, Dumont AS, Wang X. Recombinant annexin A2 inhibits peripheral leukocyte activation and brain infiltration after traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:173. [PMID: 34372870 PMCID: PMC8353736 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of death and disability worldwide. The TLR4-NFκB signaling cascade is the critical pro-inflammatory activation pathway of leukocytes after TBI, and modulating this signaling cascade may be an effective therapeutic target for treating TBI. Previous studies indicate that recombinant annexin A2 (rA2) might be an interactive molecule modulating the TLR4-NFκB signaling; however, the role of rA2 in regulating this signaling pathway in leukocytes after TBI and its subsequent effects have not been investigated. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were subjected to TBI and randomly divided into groups that received intraperitoneal rA2 or vehicle at 2 h after TBI. The peripheral leukocyte activation and infiltrating immune cells were examined by flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, and immunostaining. The neutrophilic TLR4 expression on the cell membrane was examined by flow cytometry and confocal microscope, and the interaction of annexin A2 with TLR4 was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation coupled with Western blotting. Neuroinflammation was measured via cytokine proteome profiler array and RT-qPCR. Neurodegeneration was determined by Western blotting and immunostaining. Neurobehavioral assessments were used to monitor motor and cognitive function. Brain tissue loss was assessed via MAP2 staining. RESULTS rA2 administration given at 2 h after TBI significantly attenuates neutrophil activation and brain infiltration at 24 h of TBI. In vivo and in vitro data show that rA2 binds to and reduces TLR4 expression on the neutrophil surface and suppresses TLR4/NFκB signaling pathway in neutrophils at 12 h after TBI. Furthermore, rA2 administration also reduces pro-inflammation of brain tissues within 24 h and neurodegeneration at 48 h after TBI. Lastly, rA2 improves long-term sensorimotor ability and cognitive function, and reduces brain tissue loss at 28 days after TBI. CONCLUSIONS Systematic rA2 administration at 2 h after TBI significantly inhibits activation and brain infiltration of peripheral leukocytes, especially neutrophils at the acute phase. Consequently, rA2 reduces the detrimental brain pro-inflammation-associated neurodegeneration and ultimately ameliorates neurological deficits after TBI. The underlying molecular mechanism might be at least in part attributed to rA2 bindings to pro-inflammatory receptor TLR4 in peripheral leukocytes, thereby blocking NFκB signaling activation pathways following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70122, USA.
| | - Jinrui Han
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70122, USA
| | - Yadan Li
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70122, USA
| | - Yinghua Jiang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70122, USA
| | - Samuel X Shi
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70122, USA
| | - Josephine Lok
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Michael Whalen
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Aaron S Dumont
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70122, USA
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70122, USA.
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Structural and Biochemical Features of Human Serum Albumin Essential for Eukaryotic Cell Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168411. [PMID: 34445120 PMCID: PMC8395139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum albumin physically interacts with fatty acids, small molecules, metal ions, and several other proteins. Binding with a plethora of bioactive substances makes it a critical transport molecule. Albumin also scavenges the reactive oxygen species that are harmful to cell survival. These properties make albumin an excellent choice to promote cell growth and maintain a variety of eukaryotic cells under in vitro culture environment. Furthermore, purified recombinant human serum albumin is mostly free from impurities and modifications, providing a perfect choice as an additive in cell and tissue culture media while avoiding any regulatory constraints. This review discusses key features of human serum albumin implicated in cell growth and survival under in vitro conditions.
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Azevedo C, Pinto S, Benjakul S, Nilsen J, Santos HA, Traverso G, Andersen JT, Sarmento B. Prevention of diabetes-associated fibrosis: Strategies in FcRn-targeted nanosystems for oral drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113778. [PMID: 33887405 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with an elevated risk of micro- and macrovascular complications, such as fibrosis. To prevent diabetes-associated fibrosis, the symptomatology of diabetes must be controlled, which is commonly done by subcutaneous injection of antidiabetic peptides. To minimize the pain and distress associated with such injections, there is an urgent need for non-invasive oral transmucosal drug delivery strategies. However, orally administered peptide-based drugs are exposed to harsh conditions in the gastrointestinal tract and poorly cross the selective intestinal epithelium. Thus, targeting of drugs to receptors expressed in epithelial cells, such as the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), may therefore enhance uptake and transport through mucosal barriers. This review compiles how in-depth studies of FcRn biology and engineering of receptor-binding molecules may pave the way for design of new classes of FcRn-targeted nanosystems. Tailored strategies may open new avenues for oral drug delivery and provide better treatment options for diabetes and, consequently, fibrosis prevention.
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Cheng C, Wang X, Jiang Y, Li Y, Liao Z, Li W, Yu Z, Whalen MJ, Lok J, Dumont AS, Liu N, Wang X. Recombinant Annexin A2 Administration Improves Neurological Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:708469. [PMID: 34400908 PMCID: PMC8363504 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.708469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular failure is one of the key pathogenic factors in the dynamic pathological evolution after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Our laboratory and others previously reported that Annexin A2 functions in blood-brain barrier (BBB) development and cerebral angiogenesis, and recombinant human Annexin A2 (rA2) protected against hypoxia plus IL-1β-induced cerebral trans-endothelial permeability in vitro, and cerebral angiogenesis impairment of AXNA2 knock-out mice in vivo. We thereby hypothesized that ANXA2 might be a cerebrovascular therapy candidate that targets early BBB integrity disruption, and subacute/delayed cerebrovascular remodeling after TBI, ultimately improve neurological outcomes. In a controlled cortex impact (CCI) mice model, we found rA2 treatment (1 mg/kg) significantly reduced early BBB disruption at 24 h after TBI; and rA2 daily treatment for 7 days augmented TBI-induced mRNA levels of pro-angiogenic and endothelial-derived trophic factors in cerebral microvessels. In cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC), through MAPKs array, we identified that rA2 significantly activated Akt, ERK, and CREB, and the activated CREB might be responsible for the rA2-induced VEGF and BDNF expression. Moreover, rA2 administration significantly increased cerebral angiogenesis examined at 14 days and vessel density at 28 days after TBI in mice. Consistently, our results validated that rA2 significantly induced angiogenesis in vitro, evidenced by tube formation and scratched migration assays in HBMEC. Lastly, we demonstrated that rA2 improved long-term sensorimotor and cognitive function, and reduced brain tissue loss at 28 days after TBI. Our findings suggest that rA2 might be a novel vascular targeting approach for treating TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongjie Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Xiaoshu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Yinghua Jiang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Yadan Li
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Zhengbu Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Wenlu Li
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Zhanyang Yu
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Michael J Whalen
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Josephine Lok
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Aaron S Dumont
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Ning Liu
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Bern M, Nilsen J, Ferrarese M, Sand KMK, Gjølberg TT, Lode HE, Davidson RJ, Camire RM, Bækkevold ES, Foss S, Grevys A, Dalhus B, Wilson J, Høydahl LS, Christianson GJ, Roopenian DC, Schlothauer T, Michaelsen TE, Moe MC, Lombardi S, Pinotti M, Sandlie I, Branchini A, Andersen JT. An engineered human albumin enhances half-life and transmucosal delivery when fused to protein-based biologics. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/565/eabb0580. [PMID: 33055243 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Needle-free uptake across mucosal barriers is a preferred route for delivery of biologics, but the efficiency of unassisted transmucosal transport is poor. To make administration and therapy efficient and convenient, strategies for the delivery of biologics must enhance both transcellular delivery and plasma half-life. We found that human albumin was transcytosed efficiently across polarized human epithelial cells by a mechanism that depends on the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). FcRn also transported immunoglobulin G, but twofold less than albumin. We therefore designed a human albumin variant, E505Q/T527M/K573P (QMP), with improved FcRn binding, resulting in enhanced transcellular transport upon intranasal delivery and extended plasma half-life of albumin in transgenic mice expressing human FcRn. When QMP was fused to recombinant activated coagulation factor VII, the half-life of the fusion molecule increased 3.6-fold compared with the wild-type human albumin fusion, without compromising the therapeutic properties of activated factor VII. Our findings highlight QMP as a suitable carrier of protein-based biologics that may enhance plasma half-life and delivery across mucosal barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Bern
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeannette Nilsen
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mattia Ferrarese
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Kine M K Sand
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,CIR and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Torleif T Gjølberg
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidrun E Lode
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert J Davidson
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rodney M Camire
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Espen S Bækkevold
- CIR and Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stian Foss
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Algirdas Grevys
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Dalhus
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, Institute for Clinical Medicine and Department for Microbiology, Clinic for Laboratory Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - John Wilson
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Lene S Høydahl
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Tilman Schlothauer
- Biochemical and Analytical Research, Large Molecule Research, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Terje E Michaelsen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Chemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten C Moe
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Silvia Lombardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mirko Pinotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,CIR and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Alessio Branchini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
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35
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A structural perspective on the design of decoy immune modulators. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105735. [PMID: 34146695 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic mAbs have dominated the class of immunotherapeutics in general and immune checkpoint inhibitors in particular. The high specificity of mAbs to the target molecule as well as their extended half-life and (or) the effector functions raised by the Fc part are some of the important aspects that contribute to the success of this class of therapeutics. Equally potential candidates are decoys and their fusions that can address some of the inherent limitations of mAbs, like immunogenicity, resistance development, low bio-availability and so on, besides maintaining the advantages of mAbs. The decoys are molecules that trap the ligands and prevent them from interacting with the signaling receptors. Although a few FDA-approved decoy immune modulators are very successful, the potential of this class of drugs is yet to be fully realized. Here, we review various strategies employed in fusion protein therapeutics with a focus on the design of decoy immunomodulators from the structural perspective and discuss how the information on protein structure and function can strategically guide the development of next-generation immune modulators.
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36
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Ribeiro AG, Alves JEF, Soares JCS, dos Santos KL, Jacob ÍTT, da Silva Ferreira CJ, dos Santos JC, de Azevedo RDS, de Almeida SMV, de Lima MDCA. Albumin roles in developing anticancer compounds. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mester S, Evers M, Meyer S, Nilsen J, Greiff V, Sandlie I, Leusen J, Andersen JT. Extended plasma half-life of albumin-binding domain fused human IgA upon pH-dependent albumin engagement of human FcRn in vitro and in vivo. MAbs 2021; 13:1893888. [PMID: 33691596 PMCID: PMC7954421 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1893888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Albumin has a serum half-life of 3 weeks in humans. This feature can be used to improve the pharmacokinetics of shorter-lived biologics. For instance, an albumin-binding domain (ABD) can be used to recruit albumin. A prerequisite for such design is that the ABD-albumin interaction does not interfere with pH-dependent binding of albumin to the human neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), as FcRn acts as the principal regulator of the half-life of albumin. Thus, there is a need to know how ABDs act in the context of fusion partners and human FcRn. Here, we studied the binding and transport properties of human immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1), fused to a Streptococcus protein G-derived engineered ABD, in in vitro and in vivo systems harboring human FcRn. IgA has great potential as a therapeutic protein, but its short half-life is a major drawback. We demonstrate that ABD-fused IgA1 binds human FcRn pH-dependently and is rescued from cellular degradation in a receptor-specific manner in the presence of albumin. This occurs when ABD is fused to either the light or the heavy chain. In human FcRn transgenic mice, IgA1-ABD in complex with human albumin, gave 4-6-fold extended half-life compared to unmodified IgA1, where the light chain fusion showed the longest half-life. When the heavy chain-fused protein was pre-incubated with an engineered human albumin with improved FcRn binding, cellular rescue and half-life was further enhanced. Our study reveals how an ABD, which does not interfere with albumin binding to human FcRn, may be used to extend the half-life of IgA. Abbreviations: ABD - Albumin binding domain, ADA – anti-drug-antibodies, ADCC - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, ELISA - Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay, FcαRI - Fcα receptor, FcγR - Fcγ receptor, FcRn - The neonatal Fc receptor, GST - Glutathione S-transferase, HC - Heavy chain, HERA - Human endothelial cell-based recycling assay, Her2 - Human epidermal growth factor 2, HMEC - Human microvascular endothelial cells, IgG - Immunoglobulin G, IgA - Immunoglobulin A, LC - Light chain, QMP - E505Q/T527M/K573P, WT - Wild type
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mester
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mitchell Evers
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Meyer
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeannette Nilsen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeanette Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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38
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Azevedo C, Nilsen J, Grevys A, Nunes R, Andersen JT, Sarmento B. Engineered albumin-functionalized nanoparticles for improved FcRn binding enhance oral delivery of insulin. J Control Release 2020; 327:161-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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39
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Caridi G, Farokhnia A, Lugani F, de Luca AM, Campagnoli M, Galliano M, Schröpfer D, Minchiotti L. A novel nonsense variation in the albumin gene (c.1309 A>T) causing analbuminaemia. Br J Biomed Sci 2020; 78:154-157. [PMID: 32881634 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2020.1819632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Caridi
- Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - A Farokhnia
- The Health Department of the City of Zurich, Ambulatorium Kanonengasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F Lugani
- Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - A M de Luca
- The Health Department of the City of Zurich, Ambulatorium Kanonengasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Campagnoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Galliano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - D Schröpfer
- The Health Department of the City of Zurich, Ambulatorium Kanonengasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Minchiotti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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