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Tanimoto S, Okumura H. Why Is Arginine the Only Amino Acid That Inhibits Polyglutamine Monomers from Taking on Toxic Conformations? ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2925-2935. [PMID: 39009034 PMCID: PMC11311134 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are devastating neurodegenerative disorders characterized by abnormal expansion of glutamine repeats within specific proteins. The aggregation of polyQ proteins is a critical pathological hallmark of these diseases. Arginine was identified as a promising inhibitory compound because it prevents polyQ-protein monomers from forming intra- and intermolecular β-sheet structures and hinders polyQ proteins from aggregating to form oligomers. Such an aggregation inhibitory effect was not observed in other amino acids. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of the aggregation inhibition and the factors that differentiate arginine from other amino acids, in terms of the inhibition of the polyQ-protein aggregation, remain poorly understood. Here, we performed replica-permutation molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which arginine inhibits the formation of the intramolecular β-sheet structure of a polyQ monomer. We found that the intramolecular β-sheet structure with more than four β-bridges of the polyQ monomer with arginine is more unstable than without any ligand and with lysine. We also found that arginine has 1.6-2.1 times more contact with polyQ than lysine. In addition, we revealed that arginine forms more hydrogen bonds with the main chain of the polyQ monomer than lysine. More hydrogen bonds formed between arginine and polyQ inhibit polyQ from forming the long intramolecular β-sheet structure. It is known that intramolecular β-sheet structure enhances intermolecular β-sheet structure between proteins. These effects are thought to be the reason for the inhibition of polyQ aggregation. This study provides insights into the molecular events underlying arginine's inhibition of polyQ-protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Tanimoto
- Exploratory
Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Okumura
- Exploratory
Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Aichi, Japan
- National
Institutes of Natural Sciences, Institute
for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8787, Aichi, Japan
- Graduate
Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki 444-8787, Aichi, Japan
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2
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Nadezhdin KD, Neuberger A, Khosrof LS, Talyzina IA, Khau J, Yelshanskaya MV, Sobolevsky AI. TRPV3 activation by different agonists accompanied by lipid dissociation from the vanilloid site. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn2453. [PMID: 38691614 PMCID: PMC11062575 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn2453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
TRPV3 represents both temperature- and ligand-activated transient receptor potential (TRP) channel. Physiologically relevant opening of TRPV3 channels by heat has been captured structurally, while opening by agonists has only been observed in structures of mutant channels. Here, we present cryo-EM structures that illuminate opening and inactivation of wild-type human TRPV3 in response to binding of two types of agonists: either the natural cannabinoid tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) or synthetic agonist 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane (2-APB). We found that THCV binds to the vanilloid site, while 2-APB binds to the S1-S4 base and ARD-TMD linker sites. Despite binding to distally located sites, both agonists induce similar pore opening and cause dissociation of a lipid that occupies the vanilloid site in their absence. Our results uncover different but converging allosteric pathways through which small-molecule agonists activate TRPV3 and provide a framework for drug design and understanding the role of lipids in ion channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill D. Nadezhdin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lena S. Khosrof
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irina A. Talyzina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Khau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria V. Yelshanskaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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3
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Maximiano TKE, Carneiro JA, Fattori V, Verri WA. TRPV1: Receptor structure, activation, modulation and role in neuro-immune interactions and pain. Cell Calcium 2024; 119:102870. [PMID: 38531262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
In the 1990s, the identification of a non-selective ion channel, especially responsive to capsaicin, revolutionized the studies of somatosensation and pain that were to follow. The TRPV1 channel is expressed mainly in neuronal cells, more specifically, in sensory neurons responsible for the perception of noxious stimuli. However, its presence has also been detected in other non-neuronal cells, such as immune cells, β- pancreatic cells, muscle cells and adipocytes. Activation of the channel occurs in response to a wide range of stimuli, such as noxious heat, low pH, gasses, toxins, endocannabinoids, lipid-derived endovanilloid, and chemical agents, such as capsaicin and resiniferatoxin. This activation results in an influx of cations through the channel pore, especially calcium. Intracellular calcium triggers different responses in sensory neurons. Dephosphorylation of the TRPV1 channel leads to its desensitization, which disrupts its function, while its phosphorylation increases the channel's sensitization and contributes to the channel's rehabilitation after desensitization. Kinases, phosphoinositides, and calmodulin are the main signaling pathways responsible for the channel's regulation. Thus, in this review we provide an overview of TRPV1 discovery, its tissue expression as well as on the mechanisms by which TRPV1 activation (directly or indirectly) induces pain in different disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaila Kawane Euflazio Maximiano
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jessica Aparecida Carneiro
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Victor Fattori
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Karp Research Building, 300 Longwood Ave, 02115, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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4
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Vlachova V, Barvik I, Zimova L. Human Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 Channel: Structure, Function, and Physiology. Subcell Biochem 2024; 104:207-244. [PMID: 38963489 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58843-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential ion channel TRPA1 is a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel widely expressed in sensory neurons, but also in many nonneuronal tissues typically possessing barrier functions, such as the skin, joint synoviocytes, cornea, and the respiratory and intestinal tracts. Here, the primary role of TRPA1 is to detect potential danger stimuli that may threaten the tissue homeostasis and the health of the organism. The ability to directly recognize signals of different modalities, including chemical irritants, extreme temperatures, or osmotic changes resides in the characteristic properties of the ion channel protein complex. Recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy have provided an important framework for understanding the molecular basis of TRPA1 function and have suggested novel directions in the search for its pharmacological regulation. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge of human TRPA1 from a structural and functional perspective and discusses the complex allosteric mechanisms of activation and modulation that play important roles under physiological or pathophysiological conditions. In this context, major challenges for future research on TRPA1 are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktorie Vlachova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivan Barvik
- Division of Biomolecular Physics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Zimova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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5
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Wang G. Thermoring basis for the TRPV3 bio-thermometer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21594. [PMID: 38062125 PMCID: PMC10703924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The thermosensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are well-known as bio-thermometers with specific temperature thresholds and sensitivity. However, their precise structural origins are still mysterious. Here, graph theory was used to test how the temperature-dependent non-covalent interactions as identified in the 3D structures of thermo-gated TRPV3 could form a systematic fluidic grid-like mesh network with the constrained thermo-rings from the biggest grids to the smallest ones as necessary structural motifs for the variable temperature thresholds and sensitivity. The results showed that the heat-evoked melting of the biggest grids may control the specific temperature thresholds to initiate channel gating while the smaller grids may be required to secure heat efficacy. Together, all the grids along the lipid-dependent minimal gating pathway may be necessary to change with molar heat capacity for the specific temperature sensitivity. Therefore, this graph theory-based grid thermodynamic model may provide an extensive structural basis for the thermo-gated TRP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Wang
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Department of Drug Research and Development, Institute of Biophysical Medico-Chemistry, Reno, NV, 89523, USA.
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Dewaker V, Sharma AR, Debnath U, Park ST, Kim HS. Insights from molecular dynamics simulations of TRPV1 channel modulators in pain. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103798. [PMID: 37838068 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
TRPV1 is a nonselective cation channel vital for detecting noxious stimuli (heat, acid, capsaicin). Its role in pain makes it a potential drug target for chronic pain management, migraines, and related disorders. This review updates molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies on the TRPV1 channel, focusing on its gating mechanism, ligand-binding sites, and implications for drug design. The article also explores challenges in developing modulators, SAR optimization, and clinical trial studies. Efforts have been undertaken to concisely present MD simulation findings, with a focus on their relevance to drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Dewaker
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashish R Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si 24252, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Utsab Debnath
- School of Health Sciences & Technology, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Sung Taek Park
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea; EIONCELL Inc., Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Su Kim
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea; EIONCELL Inc., Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Hashimoto M, Takahashi K, Ohta T. Inhibitory effects of linalool, an essential oil component of lavender, on nociceptive TRPA1 and voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels in mouse sensory neurons. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101468. [PMID: 37102121 PMCID: PMC10123348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Linalool, an essential oil component of lavender is commonly used in fragrances. It is known that linalool has anxiolytic, sedative, and analgesic actions. However, the mechanism of its analgesic action has not yet been fully clarified. Pain signals elicited by the activation of nociceptors on peripheral neurons are transmitted to the central nervous system. In the present study, we investigated the effects of linalool on transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and voltage-gated channels, both of which are important for pain signaling via nociceptors in somatosensory neurons. For detection of channel activity, the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured using a Ca2+-imaging system, and membrane currents were recorded using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Analgesic actions were also examined in vivo. In mouse sensory neurons linalool at concentrations that did not induce [Ca2+]i increases did not affect [Ca2+]i responses to capsaicin and acids, TRPV1 agonists, but suppressed those induced by allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and carvacrol, TRPA1 agonists. Similar inhibitory effects of linalool were observed in cells that heterologously expressed TRPA1. Linalool attenuated the [Ca2+]i increases induced by KCl and voltage-gated Ca2+ currents but only slightly suppressed voltage-gated Na+currents in mouse sensory neurons. Linalool diminished TRPA1-mediated nociceptive behaviors. The present data suggest that linalool exerts an analgesic action via the suppression of nociceptive TRPA1 and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Hashimoto
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohta
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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8
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Rachitha P, Krupashree K, Jayashree GV, Raghavendra VB, Pal A, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Shanmuganathan R, Karuppusamy I, Brindhadevi K. T-2 toxin induces dermal inflammation and toxicity in mice: The healing potential of menthol. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 228:115838. [PMID: 37024032 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization and the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, T-2 is one of the most harmful food-toxic chemicals, penetrates intact skin. The current study examined the protective benefits of menthol topical treatment on T-2 toxin-induced cutaneous toxicity in mice. Lesions were observed on the skin of the T-2 toxin-treated groups at 72 and 120 h. The T-2 toxin (2.97 mg/kg/bw)-treated group developed skin lesions, skin inflammation, erythema, and necrosis of skin tissue in contrast to the control group. Our findings reveal that topical application of 0.25% and 0.5% MN treated groups resulted in no erythema or inflammation, and normal skin was observed with growing hairs. The 0.5% MN administered group demonstrated an 80% blister and erythema healing effect in in vitro tests. In addition, MN dose-dependently suppressed ROS and lipid peroxidation mediated by the T-2 toxin up to 120%. Histology discoveries and the immunoblotting investigations with the downregulation of i-NOS gene expression confirmed the validity of menthol activity. Further molecular docking experiments of menthol against the i-NOS protein demonstrated stable binding efficacy with conventional hydrogen bond interactions, indicating compelling evidence of menthol's anti-inflammatory effects on the T-2 toxin-induced skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puttasiddaiah Rachitha
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Teresian College, Siddarthanagar, Mysuru, 570011, Karnataka, India
| | - K Krupashree
- Biochemistry Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - G V Jayashree
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Teresian College, Siddarthanagar, Mysuru, 570011, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinay B Raghavendra
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Teresian College, Siddarthanagar, Mysuru, 570011, Karnataka, India.
| | - Ajay Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Indira Karuppusamy
- Research Center for Strategic Materials, Corrosion Resistant Steel Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
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9
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Kim J, Won J, Chung DK, Lee HH. FRET analysis of the temperature-induced structural changes in human TRPV3. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10108. [PMID: 37344508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36885-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid member 3 (TRPV3) is an ion channel that plays a critical role in temperature sensing in skin. There have been active studies on how TRPV3, which is also known as one of the temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential (thermoTRP) channels, responds to temperature. However, the previous studies were mostly based on TRPV3 originating from mice or rats. Here, we focus on human TRPV3 (hTRPV3) and show that which domain of hTRPV3 undergoes conformational changes as temperature increases by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay. During the heat-induced activation of hTRPV3, the linker domain close to C-terminus, that is, the C-terminal domain shows a largest structural change whereas there is little change in the ankyrin repeat domain (ARD). Interestingly, the activation of hTRPV3 by an agonist shows structural change patterns that are completely different from those observed during activation by heat; we observe structural changes in ARD and S2-S3 linker after ligand stimulation whereas relatively little change is observed when stimulated by heat. Our results provide insight into the thermal activation of hTRPV3 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jongdae Won
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Chung
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hyung Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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10
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Efficacy of Topical Essential Oils in Musculoskeletal Disorders: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ph16020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are widely used topically in musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs); however, their clinical efficacy is controversial. Our aim was to find evidence that topical EOs are beneficial as an add-on treatment in MSDs. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the evidence on the available data of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The protocol of this work was registered on PROSPERO. We used Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed, Central Cochrane Library and Scopus electronic databases for systematic search. Eight RCTs were included in the quantitative analysis. In conclusion, EO therapy had a favorable effect on pain intensity (primary outcome) compared to placebo. The greatest pain-relieving effect of EO therapy was calculated immediately after the intervention (MD of pain intensity = −0.87; p = 0.014). EO therapy had a slightly better analgesic effect than placebo one week after the intervention (MD of pain intensity = −0.58; p = 0.077) and at the four-week follow-up as well (MD of pain intensity = −0.52; p = 0.049). EO therapy had a beneficial effect on stiffness (a secondary outcome) compared to the no intervention group (MD = −0.77; p = 0.061). This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that topical EOs are beneficial as an add-on treatment in reducing pain and stiffness in the investigated MSDs.
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TRPV3: Structure, Diseases and Modulators. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020774. [PMID: 36677834 PMCID: PMC9865980 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanillin 3 (TRPV3) is a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily. As a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel, TRPV3 can recognize thermal stimulation (31-39 °C), and it plays an important regulatory role in temperature perception, pain transduction, skin physiology, inflammation, cancer and other diseases. TRPV3 is not only activated by the changes in the temperature, but it also can be activated by a variety of chemical and physical stimuli. Selective TRPV3 agonists and antagonists with regulatory effects and the physiological functions for clinical application are highly demanded. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the study of TRPV3, but there is still a lack of modulators with a strong affinity and excellent selectivity. This paper reviews the functional characteristics of TRPV3 in terms of the structure, diseases and the research on TRPV3 modulators.
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Chacon FT, Raup-Konsavage WM, Vrana KE, Kellogg JJ. Secondary Terpenes in Cannabis sativa L.: Synthesis and Synergy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123142. [PMID: 36551898 PMCID: PMC9775512 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis is a complex biosynthetic plant, with a long history of medicinal use. While cannabinoids have received the majority of the attention for their psychoactive and pharmacological activities, cannabis produces a diverse array of phytochemicals, such as terpenes. These compounds are known to play a role in the aroma and flavor of cannabis but are potent biologically active molecules that exert effects on infectious as well as chronic diseases. Furthermore, terpenes have the potential to play important roles, such as synergistic and/or entourage compounds that modulate the activity of the cannabinoids. This review highlights the diversity and bioactivities of terpenes in cannabis, especially minor or secondary terpenes that are less concentrated in cannabis on a by-mass basis. We also explore the question of the entourage effect in cannabis, which studies to date have supported or refuted the concept of synergy in cannabis, and where synergy experimentation is headed, to better understand the interplay between phytochemicals within Cannabis sativa L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco T. Chacon
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | | | - Kent E. Vrana
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Joshua J. Kellogg
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-814-865-2887
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13
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Cahusac PM, Veermalla A. Effects of camphor and related compounds on slowly adapting mechanoreceptors in the rat sinus hair follicle. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:114-119. [PMID: 35899231 PMCID: PMC9310123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Camphor is a popular compound for therapeutic and cosmetic use with a distinctive odour, and somatosensory warming and cooling properties. The mechanisms for its action remain unclear. Objective The current study examined the effects of two enantiomers of camphor and related monoterpenoid compounds on mechanoreceptors. Methods Extracellular recordings were made in an in vitro bath preparation. Camphor, borneol, eugenol, carveol, and thymol were tested on the neural activity of St I and St II slowly adapting mechanoreceptors in the rat vibrissal hair follicle preparation. Results All compounds tested (0.5 – 2 mM bath concentrations) resulted in dose-dependent depression of spontaneous and mechanically evoked firing (dynamic and static phases). The mean latency of responses also increased. Both St I and St II were similarly affected, although (-)-camphor had a greater depressant effect on St II than on St I units. Differences were found across the different compounds for their effect on the dynamic and static phases. Thymol was found to have the greatest depressant effect on these phases. The broad spectrum TRP blocker ruthenium red did not reverse the depressant effects of camphor. The depressant effects of the compounds appeared similar to those obtained using the local anaesthetic lignocaine. The depressant effects of camphor and of lignocaine were partially reversed by the K+ channel blocker tetraethylammonium. Conclusions The results question whether the depressant effects of camphor and related compounds act through TRP channels. Perhaps the use of more selective blockers may reveal the molecular mechanisms through which these compounds act.
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14
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Yan S, Huang Y, Xiao Q, Su Z, Xia L, Xie J, Zhang F, Du Z, Hou X, Deng J, Hao E. Regulation of transient receptor potential channels by traditional Chinese medicines and their active ingredients. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1039412. [PMID: 36313301 PMCID: PMC9606675 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1039412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, activation of thermal transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels at a range of temperatures has received widespread attention as a target for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to regulate body temperature and relieve pain. Discovery of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) was awarded a Nobel Prize, reflecting the importance of these channels. Here, the regulatory effects of TCMs and their active ingredients on TRP ion channels are reviewed, and future directions for research on the cold, hot, warm, cool, and neutral natures of TCMs are considered. In herbs with cold, hot, warm, cool, and neutral natures, we found 29 TCMs with regulatory effects on TRP ion channels, including Cinnamomi Cortex, Capsici Fructus, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Macleayae cordatae Herba, Menthae Haplocalycis Herba, and Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma. Although some progress has been made in understanding the regulation of TRP ion channels by TCMs and their ingredients, the molecular mechanism by which TCMs have this effect remains to be further studied. We hope this review will provide a reference for further research on the cold, hot, warm, cool, and neutral natures of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidu Yan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuchan Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zixia Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinling Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhengcai Du
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaotao Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiagang Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Erwei Hao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Erwei Hao,
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15
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Li Z, Zhang H, Wang Y, Li Y, Li Q, Zhang L. The distinctive role of menthol in pain and analgesia: Mechanisms, practices, and advances. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1006908. [PMID: 36277488 PMCID: PMC9580369 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1006908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Menthol is an important flavoring additive that triggers a cooling sensation. Under physiological condition, low to moderate concentrations of menthol activate transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) in the primary nociceptors, such as dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and trigeminal ganglion, generating a cooling sensation, whereas menthol at higher concentration could induce cold allodynia, and cold hyperalgesia mediated by TRPM8 sensitization. In addition, the paradoxical irritating properties of high concentrations of menthol is associated with its activation of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 (TRPA1). Under pathological situation, menthol activates TRPM8 to attenuate mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia following nerve injury or chemical stimuli. Recent reports have recapitulated the requirement of central group II/III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) with endogenous κ-opioid signaling pathways for menthol analgesia. Additionally, blockage of sodium channels and calcium influx is a determinant step after menthol exposure, suggesting the possibility of menthol for pain management. In this review, we will also discuss and summarize the advances in menthol-related drugs for pathological pain treatment in clinical trials, especially in neuropathic pain, musculoskeletal pain, cancer pain and postoperative pain, with the aim to find the promising therapeutic candidates for the resolution of pain to better manage patients with pain in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziping Li
- The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yigang Wang
- The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yize Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Qing Li,
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Linlin Zhang,
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16
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Torres KV, Pantke S, Rudolf D, Eberhardt MM, Leffler A. The coumarin osthole is a non-electrophilic agonist of TRPA1. Neurosci Lett 2022; 789:136878. [PMID: 36115537 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The naturally occurring coumarin osthole has antipruritic properties, and recent reports suggest that this effect is due an inhibition or desensitization of the cation channels TRPV1 and TRPV3. Osthole was also suggested to activate TRPA1, an effect that should rather be pruritic than antipruritic. Here we characterized the effects of osthole on TRPA1 by means of ratiometric calcium imaging and patch clamp electrophysiology. In HEK 293 expressing human (h) TRPA1, osthole induced a concentration-dependent increase in intracellular calcium that was inhibited by the TRPA1-inhibitor A967079. In mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells, osthole induced a strong calcium-influx that was partly mediated by TRPA1. Osthole evoked fully reversible membrane currents in whole-cell as well as cell-free inside-out recordings on hTRPA1. Osthole failed to activate the mutant hTRPA1-S873V/T874L, a previously described binding site for the non-electrophilic TRPA1-agonists menthol and carvacrol. The combined application of osthole and carvacrol diminished channel activation, suggesting a competitive binding. Finally, osthole failed to activate TRPM8 and TRPV4 but induced a modest activation of hTRPV1 expressed in HEK 293 cells. We conclude that osthole is a potent non-electrophilic agonist of TRPA1. The relevance of this property for the antipruritic effects needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen V Torres
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Sebastian Pantke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Daniel Rudolf
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Mirjam M Eberhardt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Andreas Leffler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany.
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17
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Cheng XY, Li SF, Chen Y, Zhao YJ, Hu W, Lu C, Zhou RP. Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 and their modulators. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 931:175180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Cabezas-Bratesco D, Mcgee FA, Colenso CK, Zavala K, Granata D, Carnevale V, Opazo JC, Brauchi SE. Sequence and structural conservation reveal fingerprint residues in TRP channels. eLife 2022; 11:73645. [PMID: 35686986 PMCID: PMC9242649 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are a large family of cation-selective channels, surpassed in variety only by voltage-gated potassium channels. Detailed molecular mechanisms governing how membrane voltage, ligand binding, or temperature can induce conformational changes promoting the open state in TRP channels are still a matter of debate. Aiming to unveil distinctive structural features common to the transmembrane domains within the TRP family, we performed phylogenetic reconstruction, sequence statistics, and structural analysis over a large set of TRP channel genes. Here, we report an exceptionally conserved set of residues. This fingerprint is composed of twelve residues localized at equivalent three-dimensional positions in TRP channels from the different subtypes. Moreover, these amino acids are arranged in three groups, connected by a set of aromatics located at the core of the transmembrane structure. We hypothesize that differences in the connectivity between these different groups of residues harbor the apparent differences in coupling strategies used by TRP subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco A Mcgee
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Charlotte K Colenso
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kattina Zavala
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Daniele Granata
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | | | - Juan C Opazo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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19
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Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies on the Aggregation of Amyloid-β Peptides and Their Disaggregation by Ultrasonic Wave and Infrared Laser Irradiation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082483. [PMID: 35458686 PMCID: PMC9030874 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is understood to be caused by amyloid fibrils and oligomers formed by aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. This review article presents molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies of Aβ peptides and Aβ fragments on their aggregation, aggregation inhibition, amyloid fibril conformations in equilibrium, and disruption of the amyloid fibril by ultrasonic wave and infrared laser irradiation. In the aggregation of Aβ, a β-hairpin structure promotes the formation of intermolecular β-sheet structures. Aβ peptides tend to exist at hydrophilic/hydrophobic interfaces and form more β-hairpin structures than in bulk water. These facts are the reasons why the aggregation is accelerated at the interface. We also explain how polyphenols, which are attracting attention as aggregation inhibitors of Aβ peptides, interact with Aβ. An MD simulation study of the Aβ amyloid fibrils in equilibrium is also presented: the Aβ amyloid fibril has a different structure at one end from that at the other end. The amyloid fibrils can be destroyed by ultrasonic wave and infrared laser irradiation. The molecular mechanisms of these amyloid fibril disruptions are also explained, particularly focusing on the function of water molecules. Finally, we discuss the prospects for developing treatments for Alzheimer’s disease using MD simulations.
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20
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Niu C, Sun X, Hu F, Tang X, Wang K. Molecular determinants for the chemical activation of the warmth-sensitive TRPV3 channel by the natural monoterpenoid carvacrol. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101706. [PMID: 35150742 PMCID: PMC8920929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3), robustly expressed in the skin, is a nonselective calcium-permeable cation channel activated by warm temperature, voltage, and certain chemicals. Natural monoterpenoid carvacrol from plant oregano is a known skin sensitizer or allergen that specifically activates TRPV3 channel. However, how carvacrol activates TRPV3 mechanistically remains to be understood. Here, we describe the molecular determinants for chemical activation of TRPV3 by the agonist carvacrol. Patch clamp recordings reveal that carvacrol activates TRPV3 in concentration-dependent manner, with an EC50 of 0.2 mM, by increasing the probability of single-channel open conformation. Molecular docking of carvacrol into cryo-EM structure of TRPV3 combined with site-directed mutagenesis further identified a unique binding pocket formed by the channel S2-S3 linker important for mediating this interaction. Within the binding pocket consisting of four residues (Ile505, Leu508, Arg509, and Asp512), we report that Leu508 is the most critical residue for the activation of TRPV3 by carvacrol, but not 2-APB, a widely used nonspecific agonist and TRP channel modulator. Our findings demonstrate a direct binding of carvacrol to TRPV3 by targeting the channel S2-S3 linker that serves as a critical domain for chemical-mediated activation of TRPV3. We also propose that carvacrol can function as a molecular tool in the design of novel specific TRPV3 modulators for the further understanding of TRPV3 channel pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canyang Niu
- Departments of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Departments of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, China; Institue of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Departments of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, China; Institue of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaowen Tang
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, China; Institue of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - KeWei Wang
- Departments of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, China; Institue of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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21
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Tachi Y, Itoh SG, Okumura H. Molecular dynamics simulations of amyloid-β peptides in heterogeneous environments. Biophys Physicobiol 2022; 19:1-18. [PMID: 35666692 PMCID: PMC9135617 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v19.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Tachi
- Department of Physics, Graduate school of Science, Nagoya University
| | - Satoru G. Itoh
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences
| | - Hisashi Okumura
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences
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22
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Rozza AL, Beserra FP, Vieira AJ, Oliveira de Souza E, Hussni CA, Martinez ERM, Nóbrega RH, Pellizzon CH. The Use of Menthol in Skin Wound Healing-Anti-Inflammatory Potential, Antioxidant Defense System Stimulation and Increased Epithelialization. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111902. [PMID: 34834317 PMCID: PMC8620938 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing involves inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases, in which various cells and chemical intermediates are involved. This study aimed to investigate the skin wound healing potential of menthol, as well as the mechanisms involved in its effect, after 3, 7, or 14 days of treatment, according to the phases of wound healing. Skin wound was performed in the back of Wistar rats, which were topically treated with vehicle cream; collagenase-based cream (1.2 U/g); or menthol-based cream at 0.25%, 0.5%, or 1.0% over 3, 7, or 14 days. Menthol cream at 0.5% accelerated the healing right from the inflammatory phase (3 days) by decreasing mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and Il-6. At the proliferative phase (7 days), menthol 0.5% increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, GR, and GPx, as well as the level of GSH, in addition to decreasing the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β and augmenting mRNA expression for Ki-67, a marker of cellular proliferation. At the remodeling phase (14 days), levels of inflammatory cytokines were decreased, and the level of Il-10 and its mRNA expression were increased in the menthol 0.5% group. Menthol presented skin wound healing activity by modulating the antioxidant system of the cells and the inflammatory response, in addition to stimulating epithelialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Leite Rozza
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dr. Antonio Celso W Zanin Street, 250, Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (F.P.B.); (A.J.V.); (E.O.d.S.); (E.R.M.M.); (R.H.N.); (C.H.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Fernando Pereira Beserra
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dr. Antonio Celso W Zanin Street, 250, Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (F.P.B.); (A.J.V.); (E.O.d.S.); (E.R.M.M.); (R.H.N.); (C.H.P.)
| | - Ana Júlia Vieira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dr. Antonio Celso W Zanin Street, 250, Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (F.P.B.); (A.J.V.); (E.O.d.S.); (E.R.M.M.); (R.H.N.); (C.H.P.)
| | - Eduardo Oliveira de Souza
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dr. Antonio Celso W Zanin Street, 250, Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (F.P.B.); (A.J.V.); (E.O.d.S.); (E.R.M.M.); (R.H.N.); (C.H.P.)
| | - Carlos Alberto Hussni
- Department of Surgery and Veterinary Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dr. Walter M Correa Street, Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil;
| | - Emanuel Ricardo Monteiro Martinez
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dr. Antonio Celso W Zanin Street, 250, Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (F.P.B.); (A.J.V.); (E.O.d.S.); (E.R.M.M.); (R.H.N.); (C.H.P.)
| | - Rafael Henrique Nóbrega
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dr. Antonio Celso W Zanin Street, 250, Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (F.P.B.); (A.J.V.); (E.O.d.S.); (E.R.M.M.); (R.H.N.); (C.H.P.)
| | - Cláudia Helena Pellizzon
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dr. Antonio Celso W Zanin Street, 250, Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (F.P.B.); (A.J.V.); (E.O.d.S.); (E.R.M.M.); (R.H.N.); (C.H.P.)
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23
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Wang G. Ligand-stereoselective allosteric activation of cold-sensing TRPM8 channels by an H-bonded homochiral menthol dimer with head-to-head or head-to-tail. Chirality 2021; 33:783-796. [PMID: 34596287 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Both menthol and its analog WS-12 share the same hydrophobic intra-subunit binding pocket between a voltage-sensor-like domain and a TRP domain in a cold-sensing TRPM8 channel. However, unlike WS-12, menthol upregulates TRPM8 with a low efficacy but a high coefficient of a dose response at membrane hyperpolarization and with ligand stereoselectivity at membrane depolarization. The underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, this in silico research suggested that the ligand-stereoselective sequential cooperativity between two menthol molecules in the WS-12 pocket is required for allosteric activation of TRPM8. Furthermore, two H-bonded homochiral menthol dimers with both head-to-head and head-to-tail can compete for the WS-12 site via non-covalent interactions. Although both dimers can form an H-bonding network with a voltage sensor S4 to disrupt a S3-S4 salt bridge in the voltage-sensor-like domain to release a "parking brake," only one dimer may drive channel opening by pushing a "gas pedal" in the TRP domain away from the S6 gate against S4. In this way, the efficacy is decreased, but the cooperativity is increased for the menthol effect at membrane hyperpolarization. Therefore, this review may extend a new pathway for ligand-stereoselective allosteric regulation of other voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels by menthol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Wang
- Department of Drug Research and Development, Institute of Biophysical Medico-chemistry, Reno, NV, USA
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