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Kamal S, Babar S, Ali W, Rehman K, Hussain A, Akash MSH. Sirtuin insights: bridging the gap between cellular processes and therapeutic applications. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03263-9. [PMID: 38976046 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The greatest challenges that organisms face today are effective responses or detection of life-threatening environmental changes due to an obvious semblance of stress and metabolic fluctuations. These are associated with different pathological conditions among which cancer is most important. Sirtuins (SIRTs; NAD+-dependent enzymes) are versatile enzymes with diverse substrate preferences, cellular locations, crucial for cellular processes and pathological conditions. This article describes in detail the distinct roles of SIRT isoforms, unveiling their potential as either cancer promoters or suppressors and also explores how both natural and synthetic compounds influence the SIRT function, indicating promise for therapeutic applications. We also discussed the inhibitors/activators tailored to specific SIRTs, holding potential for diseases lacking effective treatments. It may uncover the lesser-studied SIRT isoforms (e.g., SIRT6, SIRT7) and their unique functions. This article also offers a comprehensive overview of SIRTs, linking them to a spectrum of diseases and highlighting their potential for targeted therapies, combination approaches, disease management, and personalized medicine. We aim to contribute to a transformative era in healthcare and innovative treatments by unraveling the intricate functions of SIRTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sharon Babar
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Hussain
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
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Sauriol SA, Carmona E, Udaskin ML, Radulovich N, Leclerc-Desaulniers K, Rottapel R, Oza AM, Lheureux S, Provencher DM, Mes-Masson AM. Inhibition of nicotinamide dinucleotide salvage pathway counters acquired and intrinsic poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor resistance in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3334. [PMID: 36849518 PMCID: PMC9970983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, owing notably to its high rate of therapy-resistant recurrence in spite of good initial response to chemotherapy. Although poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have shown promise for ovarian cancer treatment, extended therapy usually leads to acquired PARPi resistance. Here we explored a novel therapeutic option to counter this phenomenon, combining PARPi and inhibitors of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). Cell-based models of acquired PARPi resistance were created through an in vitro selection procedure. Using resistant cells, xenograft tumors were grown in immunodeficient mice, while organoid models were generated from primary patient tumor samples. Intrinsically PARPi-resistant cell lines were also selected for analysis. Our results show that treatment with NAMPT inhibitors effectively sensitized all in vitro models to PARPi. Adding nicotinamide mononucleotide, the resulting NAMPT metabolite, abrogated the therapy-induced cell growth inhibition, demonstrating the specificity of the synergy. Treatment with olaparib (PARPi) and daporinad (NAMPT inhibitor) depleted intracellular NAD+ , induced double-strand DNA breaks, and promoted apoptosis as monitored by caspase-3 cleavage. The two drugs were also synergistic in mouse xenograft models and clinically relevant patient-derived organoids. Therefore, in the context of PARPi resistance, NAMPT inhibition could offer a promising new option for ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye Alexandre Sauriol
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Euridice Carmona
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Molly L Udaskin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Nikolina Radulovich
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kim Leclerc-Desaulniers
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Robert Rottapel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Amit M Oza
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Stephanie Lheureux
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Diane M Provencher
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
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Bhat DS, Spies MA, Spies M. A moving target for drug discovery: Structure activity relationship and many genome (de)stabilizing functions of the RAD52 protein. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 120:103421. [PMID: 36327799 PMCID: PMC9888176 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BRCA-ness phenotype, a signature of many breast and ovarian cancers, manifests as deficiency in homologous recombination, and as defects in protection and repair of damaged DNA replication forks. A dependence of such cancers on DNA repair factors less important for survival of BRCA-proficient cells, offers opportunities for development of novel chemotherapeutic interventions. The first drugs targeting BRCA-deficient cancers, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of advanced, chemotherapy resistant cancers in patients with BRCA1/2 germline mutations. Nine additional proteins that can be targeted to selectively kill BRCA-deficient cancer cells have been identified. Among them, a DNA repair protein RAD52 is an especially attractive target due to general tolerance of the RAD52 loss of function, and protective role of an inactivating mutation. Yet, the effective pharmacological inhibitors of RAD52 have not been forthcoming. In this review, we discuss advances in the state of our knowledge of the RAD52 structure, activities and cellular functions, with a specific focus on the features that make RAD52 an attractive, but difficult drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya S Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 51 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - M Ashley Spies
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 51 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Maria Spies
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 51 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Ju SH, Lee SE, Kang YE, Shong M. Development of Metabolic Synthetic Lethality and Its Implications for Thyroid Cancer. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022; 37:53-61. [PMID: 35255601 PMCID: PMC8901971 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2022.1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapies targeting genetic alterations are a topic of great interest in the field of thyroid cancer, which frequently harbors mutations in the RAS, RAF, and RET genes. Unfortunately, U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved BRAF inhibitors have relatively low therapeutic efficacy against BRAF-mutant thyroid cancer; in addition, the cancer often acquires drug resistance, which prevents effective treatment. Recent advances in genomics and transcriptomics are leading to a more complete picture of the range of mutations, both driver and messenger, present in thyroid cancer. Furthermore, our understanding of cancer suggests that oncogenic mutations drive tumorigenesis and induce rewiring of cancer cell metabolism, which promotes survival of mutated cells. Synthetic lethality (SL) is a method of neutralizing mutated genes that were previously considered untargetable by traditional genotype-targeted treatments. Because these metabolic events are specific to cancer cells, we have the opportunity to develop new therapies that target tumor cells specifically without affecting healthy tissue. Here, we describe developments in metabolism-based cancer therapy, focusing on the concept of metabolic SL in thyroid cancer. Finally, we discuss the essential implications of metabolic reprogramming and its role in the future direction of SL for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyeon Ju
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Seong Eun Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
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Aguilar-Morante D, Gómez-Cabello D, Quek H, Liu T, Hamerlik P, Lim YC. Therapeutic Opportunities of Disrupting Genome Integrity in Adult Diffuse Glioma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020332. [PMID: 35203541 PMCID: PMC8869545 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult diffuse glioma, particularly glioblastoma (GBM), is a devastating tumor of the central nervous system. The existential threat of this disease requires on-going treatment to counteract tumor progression. The present outcome is discouraging as most patients will succumb to this disease. The low cure rate is consistent with the failure of first-line therapy, radiation and temozolomide (TMZ). Even with their therapeutic mechanism of action to incur lethal DNA lesions, tumor growth remains undeterred. Delivering additional treatments only delays the inescapable development of therapeutic tolerance and disease recurrence. The urgency of establishing lifelong tumor control needs to be re-examined with a greater focus on eliminating resistance. Early genomic and transcriptome studies suggest each tumor subtype possesses a unique molecular network to safeguard genome integrity. Subsequent seminal work on post-therapy tumor progression sheds light on the involvement of DNA repair as the causative contributor for hypermutation and therapeutic failure. In this review, we will provide an overview of known molecular factors that influence the engagement of different DNA repair pathways, including targetable vulnerabilities, which can be exploited for clinical benefit with the use of specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Aguilar-Morante
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (D.A.-M.); (D.G.-C.)
| | - Daniel Gómez-Cabello
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (D.A.-M.); (D.G.-C.)
| | - Hazel Quek
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia;
| | | | - Yi Chieh Lim
- Danish Cancer Society, 2100 København, Denmark;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-35-257-413
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