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Gengeç Benli Ş, İçer S, Demirci E, Karaman ZF, Ak Z, Acer İ, Sağır GR, Aker E, Sertkaya B. Data-driven exploratory method investigation on the effect of dyslexia education at brain connectivity in Turkish children: a preliminary study. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:1697-1712. [PMID: 39003410 PMCID: PMC11374831 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02820-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that is neurobiological in origin and is characterized by reading and/or spelling problems affecting the development of language-related skills. The aim of this study is to reveal functional markers based on dyslexia by examining the functions of brain regions in resting state and reading tasks and to analyze the effects of special education given during the treatment process of dyslexia. A total of 43 children, aged between 7 and 12, whose native language was Turkish, participated in the study in three groups including those diagnosed with dyslexia for the first time, those receiving special education for dyslexia, and healthy children. Independent component analysis method was employed to analyze functional connectivity variations among three groups both at rest and during the continuous reading task. A whole-brain scanning during task fulfillment and resting states revealed that there were significant differences in the regions including lateral visual, default mode, left frontoparietal, ventral attention, orbitofrontal and lateral motor network. Our results revealed the necessity of adding motor coordination exercises to the training of dyslexic participants and showed that training led to functional connectivity in some brain regions similar to the healthy group. Additionally, our findings confirmed that impulsivity is associated with motor coordination and visuality, and that the dyslexic group has weaknesses in brain connectivity related to these conditions. According to our preliminary results, the differences obtained between children with dyslexia, group of dyslexia with special education and healthy children has revealed the effect of education on brain functions as well as enabling a comprehensive examination of dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şerife Gengeç Benli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Semra İçer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esra Demirci
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zehra Filiz Karaman
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - İrem Acer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gizem Rüveyda Sağır
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ebru Aker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Büşra Sertkaya
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Irastorza-Valera L, Soria-Gómez E, Benitez JM, Montáns FJ, Saucedo-Mora L. Review of the Brain's Behaviour after Injury and Disease for Its Application in an Agent-Based Model (ABM). Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:362. [PMID: 38921242 PMCID: PMC11202129 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9060362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain is the most complex organ in the human body and, as such, its study entails great challenges (methodological, theoretical, etc.). Nonetheless, there is a remarkable amount of studies about the consequences of pathological conditions on its development and functioning. This bibliographic review aims to cover mostly findings related to changes in the physical distribution of neurons and their connections-the connectome-both structural and functional, as well as their modelling approaches. It does not intend to offer an extensive description of all conditions affecting the brain; rather, it presents the most common ones. Thus, here, we highlight the need for accurate brain modelling that can subsequently be used to understand brain function and be applied to diagnose, track, and simulate treatments for the most prevalent pathologies affecting the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Irastorza-Valera
- E.T.S. de Ingeniería Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pza. Cardenal Cisneros 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.I.-V.); (J.M.B.); (F.J.M.)
- PIMM Laboratory, ENSAM–Arts et Métiers ParisTech, 151 Bd de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Edgar Soria-Gómez
- Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi, 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - José María Benitez
- E.T.S. de Ingeniería Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pza. Cardenal Cisneros 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.I.-V.); (J.M.B.); (F.J.M.)
| | - Francisco J. Montáns
- E.T.S. de Ingeniería Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pza. Cardenal Cisneros 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.I.-V.); (J.M.B.); (F.J.M.)
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Luis Saucedo-Mora
- E.T.S. de Ingeniería Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pza. Cardenal Cisneros 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.I.-V.); (J.M.B.); (F.J.M.)
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Eyre HA, Hynes W, Ayadi R, Swieboda P, Berk M, Ibanez A, Castelló ME, Jeste DV, Tempest M, Abdullah JM, O’Brien K, Carnevale S, Njamnshi AK, Martino M, Mannix D, Maestri K, YU R, CHEN S, NG CH, Volmink HC, Ahuja R, Destrebecq F, Vradenburg G, Schmied A, Manes F, Platt ML. The Brain Economy: Advancing Brain Science to Better Understand the Modern Economy. Malays J Med Sci 2024; 31:1-13. [PMID: 38456111 PMCID: PMC10917588 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2024.31.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The coming years are likely to be turbulent due to a myriad of factors or polycrisis, including an escalation in climate extremes, emerging public health threats, weak productivity, increases in global economic instability and further weakening in the integrity of global democracy. These formidable challenges are not exogenous to the economy but are in some cases generated by the system itself. They can be overcome, but only with far-reaching changes to global economics. Our current socio-economic paradigm is insufficient for addressing these complex challenges, let alone sustaining human development, well-being and happiness. To support the flourishing of the global population in the age of polycrisis, we need a novel, person-centred and collective paradigm. The brain economy leverages insights from neuroscience to provide a novel way of centralising the human contribution to the economy, how the economy in turn shapes our lives and positive feedbacks between the two. The brain economy is primarily based on Brain Capital, an economic asset integrating brain health and brain skills, the social, emotional, and the diversity of cognitive brain resources of individuals and communities. People with healthy brains are essential to navigate increasingly complex systems. Policies and investments that improve brain health and hence citizens' cognitive functions and boost brain performance can increase productivity, stimulate greater creativity and economic dynamism, utilise often underdeveloped intellectual resources, afford social cohesion, and create a more resilient, adaptable and sustainability-engaged population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harris A. Eyre
- Brain Capital Alliance, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Health and Biosciences, The Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, Texas
- Meadows Mental Health Policy Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Euro-Mediterranean Economists Association, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University and Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- FondaMental Fondation, Paris, France
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Houston Methodist Behavioral Health, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, California, USA
- Frontier Technology Lab, School of Engineering and Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - William Hynes
- Brain Capital Alliance, San Francisco, California, USA
- Euro-Mediterranean Economists Association, Barcelona, Spain
- Rebuilding Macroeconomics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
- School of Advanced International Studies Europe, Johns Hopkins University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rym Ayadi
- Brain Capital Alliance, San Francisco, California, USA
- Euro-Mediterranean Economists Association, Barcelona, Spain
- Bayes Business School, City College London, London, United Kingdom
- Center for European Policy Studies, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pawel Swieboda
- Brain Capital Alliance, San Francisco, California, USA
- Euro-Mediterranean Economists Association, Barcelona, Spain
- NeuroCentury, Brussels, Belgium
- European Policy Centre, Brussels, Belgium
- International Center for Future Generations, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael Berk
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University and Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Agustin Ibanez
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario del Tiempo, Universidad de San Andrés-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E. Castelló
- Desarrollo y Evolución Neural, Departamento Neurociencias Integrativas y Computacionales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (MEC), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Programa de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Básicas (MEC-UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Fibras, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Dilip V. Jeste
- Global Research Network on Social Determinants of Health and Exposomics, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Jafri Malin Abdullah
- Fellow, Academy of Sciences Malaysia, Menara Matrade, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Chairman of Medical and Health Sciences Cluster, The National Council of Professors, Malaysia (MPN), Selangor, Malaysia
- Professor of Neurosciences & Senior Consultant Neurosurgeon, Department of Neurosciences & Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences/Hospital USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Alfred K. Njamnshi
- Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Geneva, Switzerland & Yaoundé, Cameroon, Africa
| | - Michael Martino
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), South Carolina, USA
| | - Dan Mannix
- Brain Capital Alliance, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Ruojuan YU
- School of Management, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shuo CHEN
- Sutardja Center for Entrepreneurship and Technology, College of Engineering, University of California, California, USA
| | - Chee H. NG
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St. Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Heinrich C. Volmink
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, Africa
- Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, South Africa, Africa
| | - Rajiv Ahuja
- Milken Institute, Center for the Future of Aging, California, USA
| | | | - George Vradenburg
- UsAgainstAlzhiemer’s, Washington DC, USA
- Davos Alzheimer’s Collaborative, Washington DC, USA
| | - Astrid Schmied
- Science of Learning in Education Center, Office of Education Research, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Facundo Manes
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael L. Platt
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Marketing Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Wharton Neuroscience Initiative, Wharton Business School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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Theodoridou D, Tsiantis CO, Vlaikou AM, Chondrou V, Zakopoulou V, Christodoulides P, Oikonomou ED, Tzimourta KD, Kostoulas C, Tzallas AT, Tsamis KI, Peschos D, Sgourou A, Filiou MD, Syrrou M. Developmental Dyslexia: Insights from EEG-Based Findings and Molecular Signatures-A Pilot Study. Brain Sci 2024; 14:139. [PMID: 38391714 PMCID: PMC10887023 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a learning disorder. Although risk genes have been identified, environmental factors, and particularly stress arising from constant difficulties, have been associated with the occurrence of DD by affecting brain plasticity and function, especially during critical neurodevelopmental stages. In this work, electroencephalogram (EEG) findings were coupled with the genetic and epigenetic molecular signatures of individuals with DD and matched controls. Specifically, we investigated the genetic and epigenetic correlates of key stress-associated genes (NR3C1, NR3C2, FKBP5, GILZ, SLC6A4) with psychological characteristics (depression, anxiety, and stress) often included in DD diagnostic criteria, as well as with brain EEG findings. We paired the observed brain rhythms with the expression levels of stress-related genes, investigated the epigenetic profile of the stress regulator glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and correlated such indices with demographic findings. This study presents a new interdisciplinary approach and findings that support the idea that stress, attributed to the demands of the school environment, may act as a contributing factor in the occurrence of the DD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Theodoridou
- Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christos-Orestis Tsiantis
- Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Angeliki-Maria Vlaikou
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Chondrou
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 26335 Patras, Greece
| | - Victoria Zakopoulou
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Pavlos Christodoulides
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Emmanouil D Oikonomou
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, School of Informatics & Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Katerina D Tzimourta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece
| | - Charilaos Kostoulas
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandros T Tzallas
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, School of Informatics & Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I Tsamis
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Peschos
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Argyro Sgourou
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 26335 Patras, Greece
| | - Michaela D Filiou
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Maria Syrrou
- Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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