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Seino K, Okano T, Oya K, Katagiri H, Murase T. Helix-to-Disc Conversion of Thia[6]helicenes into Coronenes Facilitated by Sulfur Oxidation and Fluorination. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202402445. [PMID: 39051923 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Helicenes, with their unique helical structures, have long captured the interest of synthetic chemists, not only as end products, but also as versatile platforms for further chemical transformations. However, transforming [6]helicene into planar coronene typically requires harsh conditions and poses significant challenges. Herein, we demonstrate that replacing the terminal benzene ring of [6]helicene with a thiophene ring enables its photochemical transformation into coronene. Sulfur oxidation of the thiophene ring enables the corresponding thermal transformation, and the terminal tetrafluorination of the opposite benzene ring further accelerates this process, yielding 1,2-difluorocoronene, as confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The transformation begins with an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction, whose activation energy is significantly lowered by these structural changes. Our findings underscore the utility of strategic modifications such as sulfur oxidation and fluorination in promoting this "helix-to-disc" conversion and opening new avenues for synthesizing functional polycyclic aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaito Seino
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Okano
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
| | - Koki Oya
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katagiri
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Murase
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
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Bhanja R, Kanti Bera S, Mal P. Sustainable Synthesis through Catalyst-Free Photoinduced Cascaded Bond Formation. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400279. [PMID: 38717944 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The beginning of photochemical reactions revolutionized synthetic chemistry through sustainable practices. This review explores cutting-edge developments in leveraging light-induced processes for generating cascaded C-C and C-hetero bonds without catalysts. Significantly, catalyst-free photoinduced methodologies have garnered considerable attention, especially in the creation of varied heterocyclic frameworks for drug design and the synthesis of natural products. The article delves into underlying mechanisms, addresses limitations, and evaluates various methodologies, emphasizing the potential of photocatalyst and transition metal-free photochemical reactions to enhance sustainability. Divided into two sections, it covers recent strides in C-C and C-heteroatom and multiple C-heteroatom bond formation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalin Bhanja
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, 752050, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha, India
| | - Shyamal Kanti Bera
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, 752050, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha, India
| | - Prasenjit Mal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, 752050, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha, India
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3
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Matsuda C, Igarashi R, Katagiri H, Murase T. Skeletal Transformation Triggered by C−F Bond Activation after Photochemical Rearrangement of Fluorinated [7]Helicenes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200132. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Matsuda
- Faculty of Science Yamagata University 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi Yamagata Yamagata 990-8560 Japan
| | - Ryo Igarashi
- Faculty of Science Yamagata University 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi Yamagata Yamagata 990-8560 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katagiri
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamagata University 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
| | - Takashi Murase
- Faculty of Science Yamagata University 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi Yamagata Yamagata 990-8560 Japan
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Neveselý T, Wienhold M, Molloy JJ, Gilmour R. Advances in the E → Z Isomerization of Alkenes Using Small Molecule Photocatalysts. Chem Rev 2021; 122:2650-2694. [PMID: 34449198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Geometrical E → Z alkene isomerization is intimately entwined in the historical fabric of organic photochemistry and is enjoying a renaissance (Roth et al. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1989 28, 1193-1207). This is a consequence of the fundamental stereochemical importance of Z-alkenes, juxtaposed with frustrations in thermal reactivity that are rooted in microscopic reversibility. Accessing excited state reactivity paradigms allow this latter obstacle to be circumnavigated by exploiting subtle differences in the photophysical behavior of the substrate and product chromophores: this provides a molecular basis for directionality. While direct irradiation is operationally simple, photosensitization via selective energy transfer enables augmentation of the alkene repertoire to include substrates that are not directly excited by photons. Through sustained innovation, an impressive portfolio of tailored small molecule catalysts with a range of triplet energies are now widely available to facilitate contra-thermodynamic and thermo-neutral isomerization reactions to generate Z-alkene fragments. This review is intended to serve as a practical guide covering the geometric isomerization of alkenes enabled by energy transfer catalysis from 2000 to 2020, and as a logical sequel to the excellent treatment by Dugave and Demange (Chem. Rev. 2003 103, 2475-2532). The mechanistic foundations underpinning isomerization selectivity are discussed together with induction models and rationales to explain the counterintuitive directionality of these processes in which very small energy differences distinguish substrate from product. Implications for subsequent stereospecific transformations, application in total synthesis, regioselective polyene isomerization, and spatiotemporal control of pre-existing alkene configuration in a broader sense are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Neveselý
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Max Wienhold
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - John J Molloy
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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Oxidative cyclo-rearrangement of helicenes into chiral nanographenes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2786. [PMID: 33986283 PMCID: PMC8119938 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22992-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanographenes are emerging as a distinctive class of functional materials for electronic and optical devices. It is of remarkable significance to enrich the precise synthetic chemistry for these molecules. Herein, we develop a facile strategy to recompose helicenes into chiral nanographenes through a unique oxidative cyclo-rearrangement reaction. Helicenes with 7~9 ortho-fused aromatic rings are firstly oxidized and cyclized, and subsequently rearranged into nanographenes with an unsymmetrical helicoid shape through sequential 1,2-migrations. Such skeletal reconstruction is virtually driven by the gradual release of the strain of the highly distorted helicene skeleton. Importantly, the chirality of the helicene precursor can be integrally inherited by the resulting nanographene. Thus, a series of chiral nanographenes are prepared from a variety of carbohelicenes and heterohelicenes. Moreover, such cyclo-rearrangement reaction can be sequentially or simultaneously associated with conventional oxidative cyclization reactions to ulteriorly enrich the geometry diversity of nanographenes, aiming at innovative properties. Nanographenes are emerging as a distinctive class of functional materials for electronic and optical devices. Here, the authors develop a facile strategy to recompose helicenes into a variety of chiral nanographenes through an oxidative cyclo-rearrangement reaction.
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Matsuda C, Suzuki Y, Katagiri H, Murase T. Synthesis of Terminally Fluorinated [7]Helicenes and Their Application to Photochemical Domino Reactions. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:538-547. [PMID: 33471402 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions of helicenes deform their π-conjugated screw-shaped skeletons. In particular, terminally tetrafluorinated [7]helicene (F4 -[7]helicene) undergoes a photoinduced Diels-Alder reaction followed by a photoinduced double fluorine atom transfer. Herein, we thoroughly investigated this photochemical domino process by decreasing the level of fluorine substitution. F3 -[7]Helicenes bearing two fluorine atoms at the dienophile terminal underwent photoinduced Diels-Alder reactions, but the whole domino process became slow. F2 -[7]Helicene, which is difluorinated only at the dienophile terminal, was also photolabile. As a result, two fluorine atoms were sufficient for the photochemical domino reaction to occur. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that F2 -[7]helicene was less compressed than F4 -[7]helicene, indicating that terminal polyfluorination enhanced the intramolecular arene-fluoroarene stacking interactions and thus promoted the transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Matsuda
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
| | - Yuto Suzuki
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katagiri
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Murase
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
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Varshnaya RK, Singh P, Kaur N, Banerjee P. Cascade intramolecular rearrangement/cycloaddition of nitrocyclopropane carboxylates with alkynes/alkenes: access to uncommon bi(hetero)cyclic systems. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01535k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward approach for the one-pot synthesis of fused bi(hetero)cyclic systems via cascade intramolecular rearrangement/cycloaddition reaction of nitrocyclopropane carboxylates with substituted alkynes/alkenes has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
- Rupnagar
- India
| | - Navpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
- Rupnagar
- India
| | - Prabal Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
- Rupnagar
- India
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Suzuki R, Uziie Y, Fujiwara W, Katagiri H, Murase T. Columnar Stacking of Partially Fluorinated [4]Helicenes: C-H⋅⋅⋅F Interactions Change the Stacking Orientation. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:1330-1338. [PMID: 32083804 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The partial fluorination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons often produces a layered crystal packing, where fluorinated aromatic surfaces are stacked over nonfluorinated aromatic surfaces. Herein, we report the synthesis and crystal packing of partially fluorinated [4]helicenes with steric congestion resulting from H and F atoms in the fjord region. F6 -[4]Helicene forms head-to-tail columnar stacks consisting of an alternate arrangement of perfluorinated and nonfluorinated naphthalene moieties. With decreasing fluorine content, aromatic stacking switched from arene-fluoroarene (ArH -ArF ) hetero-stacking to ArH -ArH /ArF -ArF homo-stacking with the help of intermolecular C-H⋅⋅⋅F contacts in the fjord region. As a result, head-to-head columnar stacks appear. Therefore, the conventional ArH -ArF stacking motif is not always applicable to Fn -[4]helicenes with twisted π-surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Suzuki
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
| | - Yuto Uziie
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katagiri
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Murase
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
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Agou T, Kohara M, Tamura Y, Yamada K, Shiitsuka K, Hosoya T, Mizuhata Y, Tokitoh N, Hayashi Y, Moronuki Y, Ishii A, Tanaka Y, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Yamada S, Konno T, Fukumoto H, Kubota T. Helicenes Fused with Hexafluorocyclopentene (HFCP): Synthesis, Structure, and Properties. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Agou
- Department of Quantum Beam Science; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ibaraki University; 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa 316-8511 Hitachi Ibaraki Japan
| | - Masaki Kohara
- Department of Quantum Beam Science; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ibaraki University; 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa 316-8511 Hitachi Ibaraki Japan
| | - Yuuki Tamura
- Department of Quantum Beam Science; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ibaraki University; 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa 316-8511 Hitachi Ibaraki Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamada
- Department of Quantum Beam Science; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ibaraki University; 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa 316-8511 Hitachi Ibaraki Japan
| | - Kazuki Shiitsuka
- Department of Quantum Beam Science; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ibaraki University; 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa 316-8511 Hitachi Ibaraki Japan
| | - Takaaki Hosoya
- Department of Quantum Beam Science; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ibaraki University; 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa 316-8511 Hitachi Ibaraki Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mizuhata
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; 611-0011 Uji Kyoto Japan
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; 611-0011 Uji Kyoto Japan
| | - Yuki Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Saitama University; 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku 338-8570 Saitama Saitama Japan
| | - Yusuke Moronuki
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Saitama University; 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku 338-8570 Saitama Saitama Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishii
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Saitama University; 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku 338-8570 Saitama Saitama Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-0033 Tokyo Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR); Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN; 2-1 Hirosawa 351-0198 Wako Saitama Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR); Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN; 2-1 Hirosawa 351-0198 Wako Saitama Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-0033 Tokyo Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM); Shinshu University; 3-15-1 Tokida 386-8567 Ueda Nagano Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yamada
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Sakyo-ku 606-8585 Kyoto Kyoto Japan
| | - Tsutomu Konno
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Sakyo-ku 606-8585 Kyoto Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiroki Fukumoto
- Department of Quantum Beam Science; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ibaraki University; 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa 316-8511 Hitachi Ibaraki Japan
| | - Toshio Kubota
- Department of Quantum Beam Science; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ibaraki University; 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa 316-8511 Hitachi Ibaraki Japan
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