1
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Zhang H, Wen N, Gong X, Li X. Application of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) in cancer prevention and adjuvant therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 242:114078. [PMID: 39018914 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a malignant tumor that kills about 940,000 people worldwide each year. In addition, about 30-77 % of cancer patients will experience cancer metastasis and recurrence, which can increase the cancer mortality rate without prompt treatment. According to the US Food and Drug Administration, wearable devices can detect several physiological indicators of patients to reflect their health status and adjuvant cancer treatment. Based on the triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction phenomenon, triboelectric nanopower generation (TENG) technology can convert mechanical energy into electricity and drive small electronic devices. This article reviewed the research status of TENG in the areas of cancer prevention and adjuvant therapy. TENG can be used for cancer prevention with advanced sensors. At the same time, electrical stimulation generated by TENG can also be used to help inhibit the growth of cancer cells to reduce the proliferation, recurrence, and metastasis of cancer cells. This review will promote the practical application of TENG in healthcare and provide clean and sustainable energy solutions for wearable bioelectronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Technology, Jiangning District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 211167, China
| | - Ning Wen
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xiaoran Gong
- Nanjing Institute of Technology, Jiangning District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 211167, China
| | - Xue Li
- Nanjing Institute of Technology, Jiangning District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 211167, China.
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2
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Liu D, Yang P, Gao Y, Liu N, Ye C, Zhou L, Zhang J, Guo Z, Wang J, Wang ZL. A Dual-Mode Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Efficiently Harvesting Droplet Energy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400698. [PMID: 38446055 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a promising solution to harvest the low-frequency, low-actuation-force, and high-entropy droplet energy. Conventional attempts mainly focus on maximizing electrostatic energy harvest on the liquid-solid surface, but enormous kinetic energy of droplet hitting the substrate is directly dissipated, limiting the output performance. Here, a dual-mode TENG (DM-TENG) is proposed to efficiently harvest both electrostatic energy at liquid-solid surface from a droplet TENG (D-TENG) and elastic potential energy of the vibrated cantilever from a contact-separation TENG (CS-TENG). Triggered by small droplets, the flexible cantilever beam, rather than conventional stiff ones, can easily vibrate multiple times with large amplitude, enabling frequency multiplication of CS-TENG and producing amplified output charges. Combining with the top electrode design to sufficiently utilize charges at liquid-solid interface, a record-high output charge of 158 nC is realized by single droplet. The energy conversion efficiency of DM-TENG is 2.66-fold of D-TENG. An array system with the specially designed power management circuit is also demonstrated for building self-powered system, offering promising applications for efficiently harvesting raindrop energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- College of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Peiyuan Yang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
| | - Yikui Gao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- College of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Nian Liu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
| | - Cuiying Ye
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- College of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Linglin Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- College of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Institute of Blue Energy, Knowledge City, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510555, P. R. China
| | - Jiayue Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
| | - Ziting Guo
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- College of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- College of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Institute of Blue Energy, Knowledge City, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510555, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- College of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Institute of Blue Energy, Knowledge City, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510555, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, USA
- Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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3
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Yang N, Li Y, Xu Z, Zhu Y, He Q, Wang Z, Zhang X, Liu J, Liu C, Wang Y, Zhou M, Cheng T, Wang ZL. A Blade-Type Triboelectric-Electromagnetic Hybrid Generator with Double Frequency Up-Conversion Mechanism for Harvesting Breeze Wind Energy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:33404-33415. [PMID: 38904481 PMCID: PMC11231971 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have garnered substantial attention in breeze wind energy harvesting. However, how to improve the output performance and reduce friction and wear remain challenging. To this end, a blade-type triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid generator (BT-TEHG) with a double frequency up-conversion (DFUC) mechanism is proposed. The DFUC mechanism enables the TENG to output a high-frequency response that is 15.9 to 300 times higher than the excitation frequency of 10 to 200 rpm. Coupled with the collisions between tribomaterials, a higher surface charge density and better generating performance are achieved. The magnetization direction and dimensional parameters of the BT-TEHG were optimized, and its generating characteristics under varying rotational speeds and electrical boundary conditions were studied. At wind speeds of 2.2 and 10 m/s, the BT-TEHG can generate, respectively, power of 1.30 and 19.01 mW. Further experimentation demonstrates its capacity to charge capacitors, light up light emitting diodes (LEDs), and power wireless temperature and humidity sensors. The demonstrations show that the BT-TEHG has great potential applications in self-powered wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for environmental monitoring of intelligent agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi
University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yingxuan Li
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi
University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhenlong Xu
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi
University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yongkang Zhu
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi
University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qingkai He
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi
University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi
University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xueting Zhang
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi
University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jingbiao Liu
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi
University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chaoran Liu
- Ministry
of Education Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and
Microsystems, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi
University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Maoying Zhou
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi
University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Tinghai Cheng
- Beijing
Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing
Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
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4
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Gao A, Zhou Q, Cao Z, Xu W, Zhou K, Wang B, Pan J, Pan C, Xia F. A Self-Powered Biochemical Sensor for Intelligent Agriculture Enabled by Signal Enhanced Triboelectric Nanogenerator. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309824. [PMID: 38561966 PMCID: PMC11165538 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Precise agriculture based on intelligent agriculture plays a significant role in sustainable development. The agricultural Internet of Things (IoTs) is a crucial foundation for intelligent agriculture. However, the development of agricultural IoTs has led to exponential growth in various sensors, posing a major challenge in achieving long-term stable power supply for these distributed sensors. Introducing a self-powered active biochemical sensor can help, but current sensors have poor sensitivity and specificity making this application challenging. To overcome this limitation, a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)-based self-powered active urea sensor which demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity is developed. This device achieves signal enhancement by introducing a volume effect to enhance the utilization of charges through a novel dual-electrode structure, and improves the specificity of urea detection by utilizing an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The device is successfully used to monitor the variation of urea concentration during crop growth with concentrations as low as 4 µm, without being significantly affected by common fertilizers such as potassium chloride or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. This is the first self-powered active biochemical sensor capable of highly specific and highly sensitive fertilizer detection, pointing toward a new direction for developing self-powered active biochemical sensor systems within sustainable development-oriented agricultural IoTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Along Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental GeologyEngineering Research Center of Nano‐Geomaterials of the Ministry of EducationFaculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China
| | - Qitao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental GeologyEngineering Research Center of Nano‐Geomaterials of the Ministry of EducationFaculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China
| | - Zhikang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental GeologyEngineering Research Center of Nano‐Geomaterials of the Ministry of EducationFaculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China
| | - Wenxia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental GeologyEngineering Research Center of Nano‐Geomaterials of the Ministry of EducationFaculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China
| | - Kang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental GeologyEngineering Research Center of Nano‐Geomaterials of the Ministry of EducationFaculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China
| | - Boyou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental GeologyEngineering Research Center of Nano‐Geomaterials of the Ministry of EducationFaculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China
| | - Jing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental GeologyEngineering Research Center of Nano‐Geomaterials of the Ministry of EducationFaculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China
| | - Caofeng Pan
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100083China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental GeologyEngineering Research Center of Nano‐Geomaterials of the Ministry of EducationFaculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China
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5
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Wang W, Shang Y, Han K, Shi X, Jiang T, Mai W, Luo J, Wang ZL. Self-Powered Agricultural Product Preservation and Wireless Monitoring Based on Dual-Functional Triboelectric Nanogenerator. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38593466 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The global annual vegetable and fruit waste accounts for more than one-fifth of food waste, mainly due to deterioration. In addition, agricultural product spoilage can produce foodborne illnesses and threaten public health. Eco-friendly preservation technologies for extending the shelf life of agricultural products are of great significance to socio-economic development. Here, we report a dual-functional TENG (DF-TENG) that can simultaneously prolong the storage period of vegetables and realize wireless storage condition monitoring by harvesting the rotational energy. Under the illumination of the self-powered high-voltage electric field, the deterioration of vegetables can be effectively slowed down. It can not only decrease the respiration rate and weight loss of pakchoi but also increase the chlorophyll levels (∼33.1%) and superoxide dismutase activity (∼11.1%) after preservation for 4 days. Meanwhile, by harvesting the rotational energy, the DF-TENG can be used to drive wireless sensors for monitoring the storage conditions and location information of vegetables during transportation in real time. This work provides a new direction for self-powered systems in cost-effective and eco-friendly agricultural product preservation, which may have far-reaching significance to the construction of a sustainable society for reducing food waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yurui Shang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
| | - Kai Han
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xue Shi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Mai
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Luo
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
- Guangzhou Institute of Blue Energy, Knowledge City, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510555, China
- Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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6
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Yan X, Ma Y, Lu Y, Su C, Liu X, Li H, Lu G, Sun P. Zeolitic Imidazolate-Framework-Engineered Heterointerface Catalysis for the Construction of Plant-Wearable Sensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311144. [PMID: 38190757 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Plant-wearable sensors provide real-time information that enables pesticide inputs to be finely tuned and play critical roles in precision agriculture. However, tracking pesticide information in living plants remains a formidable challenge owing to inadequate shape adaptabilities and low in-field sensor sensitivities. In this study, plant-wearable hydrogel discs are designed by embedding a dual-shelled upconversion-nanoparticles@zeolitic-imidazolate-framework@polydopamine (UCNPs@ZIF@PDA) composite in double-network hydrogels to deliver on-site pesticide-residue information. Benefiting from the enzyme-mimetic catalytic activity of ZIFs and enzyme triggered-responsive property of PDA shell, the hydrogel discs are endowed with high sensing sensitivity toward 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid pesticide at the nanogram per milliliter level via boosting fluorescence quenching efficiency. Notably, hydrogel discs mounted on tomato plants exhibit sufficient adaptability to profile dynamic pesticide degradation when used in conjunction with an ImageJ processing algorithm, which is practically applicable. Such hydrogel discs form a noninvasive and low-cost toolkit for the on-site acquisition of pesticide information, thereby contributing to the precise management of the health status of a plant and the judicious development of precision agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yang Lu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Changshun Su
- Department of Food Quality and Safety College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Food Quality and Safety College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, P. R. China
| | - Geyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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7
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Shang W, Gu G, Ruan H, Gu G, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Cheng G, Du Z. Conventional and pulsed hybrid triboelectric nanogenerator with tunable output time and wider impedance matching range. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:135403. [PMID: 37802048 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad00c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Sliding grating-structured triboelectric nanogenerators (SG-TENGs) can multiply transferred charge, reduce open-circuit voltage, and increase short-circuit current, which have wide application prospects in self-powered systems. However, conventional SG-TENGs have an ultrahigh internal equivalent impedance, which reduces the output voltage and energy under low load resistances (<10 MΩ). The Pulsed SG-TENGs can reduce the equivalent impedance to near zero by introducing a synchronously triggered mechanical switch (STMS), but its limited output time causes the incomplete charge transfer under high load resistances (>1 GΩ). In this paper, a conventional and pulsed hybrid SG-TENG (CPH-SG-TENG) is developed through rational designing STMS with tunable width and output time. The matching relationship among grid electrode width, contactor width of STMS, sliding speed, and load resistance has been studied, which provides a feasible solution for simultaneous realization of high output energy under small load resistances and high output voltage under high load resistances. The impedance matching range is extended from zero to at least 10 GΩ. The output performance of CPH-SG-TENG under low and high load resistances are demonstrated by passive power management circuit and arc discharge, respectively. The general strategy using tunable STMS combines the advantages of conventional and pulsed TENGs, which has broad application prospects in the fields of TENGs and self-powered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Shang
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
- Henan International Joint Research Laboratory of Nanocomposite Sensing Materials, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangqin Gu
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Ruan
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxiang Gu
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhe Zhang
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuliang Du
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
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8
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Oikonomou VK, Huerta M, Sandéhn A, Dreier T, Daguerre Y, Lim H, Berggren M, Pavlopoulou E, Näsholm T, Bech M, Stavrinidou E. eSoil: A low-power bioelectronic growth scaffold that enhances crop seedling growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2304135120. [PMID: 38147542 PMCID: PMC10786271 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304135120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Active hydroponic substrates that stimulate on demand the plant growth have not been demonstrated so far. Here, we developed the eSoil, a low-power bioelectronic growth scaffold that can provide electrical stimulation to the plants' root system and growth environment in hydroponics settings. eSoil's active material is an organic mixed ionic electronic conductor while its main structural component is cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer. We demonstrate that barley seedlings that are widely used for fodder grow within the eSoil with the root system integrated within its porous matrix. Simply by polarizing the eSoil, seedling growth is accelerated resulting in increase of dry weight on average by 50% after 15 d of growth. The effect is evident both on root and shoot development and occurs during the growth period after the stimulation. The stimulated plants reduce and assimilate NO3- more efficiently than controls, a finding that may have implications on minimizing fertilizer use. However, more studies are required to provide a mechanistic understanding of the physical and biological processes involved. eSoil opens the pathway for the development of active hydroponic scaffolds that may increase crop yield in a sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios K. Oikonomou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Miriam Huerta
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Sandéhn
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Till Dreier
- Department for Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, SE-22242Lund, Sweden
- Excillum AB, SE-16440Kista, Sweden
| | - Yohann Daguerre
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hyungwoo Lim
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Eleni Pavlopoulou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, 71110Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Torgny Näsholm
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martin Bech
- Department for Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, SE-22242Lund, Sweden
| | - Eleni Stavrinidou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183Umeå, Sweden
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9
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Liu D, Zhang J, Cui S, Zhou L, Gao Y, Wang ZL, Wang J. Recent Progress of Advanced Materials for Triboelectric Nanogenerators. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300562. [PMID: 37330665 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have received intense attention due to their broad application prospects in the new era of internet of things (IoTs) as distributed power sources and self-powered sensors. Advanced materials are vital components for TENGs, which decide their comprehensive performance and application scenarios, opening up the opportunity to develop efficient TENGs and expand their potential applications. In this review, a systematic and comprehensive overview of the advanced materials for TENGs is presented, including materials classifications, fabrication methods, and the properties required for applications. In particular, the triboelectric, friction, and dielectric performance of advanced materials is focused upon and their roles in designing the TENGs are analyzed. The recent progress of advanced materials used in TENGs for mechanical energy harvesting and self-powered sensors is also summarized. Finally, an overview of the emerging challenges, strategies, and opportunities for research and development of advanced materials for TENGs is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- College of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiayue Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Cui
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- College of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Linglin Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- College of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yikui Gao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- College of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- College of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- College of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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10
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Zhou Y, Ding T, Cheng Y, Huang Y, Wang W, Yang J, Xie L, Ho GW, He J. Non-planar dielectrics derived thermal and electrostatic field inhomogeneity for boosted weather-adaptive energy harvesting. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad186. [PMID: 37565206 PMCID: PMC10411684 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Weather-adaptive energy harvesting of omnipresent waste heat and rain droplets, though promising in the field of environmental energy sustainability, is still far from practice due to its low electrical output owing to dielectric structure irrationality and unscalability. Here we present atypical upcycling of ambient heat and raindrop energy via an all-in-one non-planar energy harvester, simultaneously increasing solar pyroelectricity and droplet-based triboelectricity by two-fold, in contrast to conventional counterparts. The delivered non-planar dielectric with high transmittance confines the solar irradiance onto a focal hotspot, offering transverse thermal field propagation towards boosted inhomogeneous polarization with a generated power density of 6.1 mW m-2 at 0.2 sun. Moreover, the enlarged lateral surface area of curved architecture promotes droplet spreading/separation, thus travelling the electrostatic field towards increased triboelectricity. These enhanced pyroelectric and triboelectric outputs, upgraded with advanced manufacturing, demonstrate applicability in adaptive sustainable energy harvesting on sunny, cloudy, night, and rainy days. Our findings highlight a facile yet efficient strategy, not only for weather-adaptive environmental energy recovery but also in providing key insights for spatial thermal/electrostatic field manipulation in thermoelectrics and ferroelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore
| | - Tianpeng Ding
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore
| | - Yi Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wu Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Lin Xie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ghim Wei Ho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Jiaqing He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Zhang X, Liu M, Zhang Z, Min H, Wang C, Hu G, Yang T, Luo S, Yu B, Huang T, Zhu M, Yu H. Highly Durable Bidirectional Rotary Triboelectric Nanogenerator with a Self-Lubricating Texture and Self-Adapting Contact Synergy for Wearable Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300890. [PMID: 37246273 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sliding-freestanding triboelectric nanogenerators (SF-TENGs) are desirable for application in wearable power sources; however, improving their durability is the primary challenge. Meanwhile, few studies focus on enhancing the service life of tribo-materials, especially from an anti-friction perspective during dry operation. Herein, for the first time, a surface-textured film with self-lubricating property is introduced into the SF-TENG as a tribo-material, which is obtained by the self-assembly of hollow SiO2 microspheres (HSMs) close to a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface under vacuum conditions. The PDMS/HSMs film with micro-bump topography simultaneously reduces the dynamic coefficient of friction from 1.403 to 0.195 and increases the electrical output of SF-TENG by an order of magnitude. Subsequently, a textured film and self-adapting contact synergized bidirectional rotary TENG (TAB-TENG) is developed, and the superiorities of the soft flat rotator with bidirectional reciprocating rotation are systematically investigated. The obtained TAB-TENG exhibits a remarkable output stability and an outstanding mechanical durability over 350 000 cycles. Furthermore, a smart foot system for stepping energy harvesting and wireless walking states monitoring is realized. This study proposes a pioneering strategy for extending the lifetime of SF-TENGs and advances it toward practical wearable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Mengjiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hui Min
- College of Information Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Ci Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Guangkai Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Tonghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Shimin Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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Peng B, Wu X, Zhang C, Zhang C, Lan L, Ping J, Ying Y. In-Time Detection of Plant Water Status Change by Self-Adhesive, Water-Proof, and Gas-Permeable Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19199-19208. [PMID: 37022351 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Leaf capacitance can reflect plant water content. However, the rigid electrodes used in leaf capacitance monitoring may affect plant health status. Herein, we report a self-adhesive, water-proof, and gas-permeable electrode fabricated by in situ electrospinning of a polylactic acid nanofiber membrane (PLANFM) on a leaf, spraying a layer of the carbon nanotube membrane (CNTM) on PLANFM, and in situ electrospinning of PLANFM on CNTM. The electrodes could be self-adhered to the leaf via electrostatic adhesion due to the charges on PLANFM and the leaf, thus forming a capacitance sensor. Compared with the electrode fabricated by a transferring approach, the in situ fabricated one did not show obvious influence on plant physiological parameters. On that basis, a wireless leaf capacitance sensing system was developed, and the change of plant water status was detected in the first day of drought stress, which was much earlier than direct observation of the plant appearance. This work paved a useful way to realize noninvasive and real-time detection of stress using plant wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Lan
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Platform of Micro/Nano Technology for Biosensing, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibin Ying
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Platform of Micro/Nano Technology for Biosensing, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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13
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Xuan Z, Wang ZL, Wang N, Cao X. Thermal-Driven Soft-Contact Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Energy Harvesting and Industrial Cooling Water Monitoring. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206269. [PMID: 36504286 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a quaternary dielectric soft-contact rotary triboelectric nanogenerator (QDSR-TENG) of low frictional resistance is fabricated for combining TENG with a shape memory alloy (SMA) engine. The introduction of rabbit fur brush and FEP brush results in charge pumps with a partially soft contact structure. Benefiting from the low friction loss of the structure, the QDSR-TENG can operate stably and continually for 100k cycles without significant output degradation. The SMA engine exhibits thermally induced phase transformation and super-elasticity and can be utilized for harnessing waste heat energy. The thermal-driven QDSR-TENG can operate with a water source of 43 °C with a distinguishable response to the variation of temperatures. Such a low starting temperature not only promotes the harvesting of low-grade thermal energy, but also results in a self-monitoring industrial cooling water system. The coupled elastocaloric power and cooling cycle proposed in the thermal-driven QDSR-TENG opens a new paradigm for the application in energy harvesting and smart sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Xuan
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xia Cao
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
- Research Centre of Information Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, and Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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14
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Vafaiee M, Ejehi F, Mohammadpour R. CNT-PDMS foams as self-powered humidity sensors based on triboelectric nanogenerators driven by finger tapping. Sci Rep 2023; 13:370. [PMID: 36611085 PMCID: PMC9825370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of frequently applied portable electronics has raised the significance of self-powered systems. In this regard, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have drawn considerable attention due to their diversity of design and high power output. As a widely used material in TENG electrodes, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) shows attractive characteristics, such as electron affinity, flexibility, and facile fabrication. To achieve active TENG-based humidity sensing, we proposed a straightforward method to enhance the hydrophilicity of PDMS by two parallel approaches: 1. Porosity induction, 2. Carbon nanotube (CNT) compositing. Both of the mentioned processes have been performed by water addition during the synthesis procedure, which is not only totally safe (in contrast with the similar foaming/compositing routes), but also applicable for a wide range of nanomaterials. Applying the modified electrode as a single-electrode TENG-based humidity sensor, demonstrated an impressive enhancement of sensing response from 56% up to 108%, compared to the bare electrodes. Moreover, the detecting range of ambient humidity was broadened to higher values of 80% in a linear behavior. The fabricated humidity sensor based on a CNT-PDMS foam not only provides superior sensing characteristics but also is satisfactory for portable applications, due to being lightweight and desirably self-powered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Vafaiee
- grid.412553.40000 0001 0740 9747Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 14588-89694 Iran
| | - Faezeh Ejehi
- grid.412553.40000 0001 0740 9747Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 14588-89694 Iran
| | - Raheleh Mohammadpour
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 14588-89694, Iran.
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15
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Cao X, Xiong Y, Sun J, Xie X, Sun Q, Wang ZL. Multidiscipline Applications of Triboelectric Nanogenerators for the Intelligent Era of Internet of Things. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 15:14. [PMID: 36538115 PMCID: PMC9768108 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00981-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the era of 5G and the Internet of things (IoTs), various human-computer interaction systems based on the integration of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and IoTs technologies demonstrate the feasibility of sustainable and self-powered functional systems. The rapid development of intelligent applications of IoTs based on TENGs mainly relies on supplying the harvested mechanical energy from surroundings and implementing active sensing, which have greatly changed the way of human production and daily life. This review mainly introduced the TENG applications in multidiscipline scenarios of IoTs, including smart agriculture, smart industry, smart city, emergency monitoring, and machine learning-assisted artificial intelligence applications. The challenges and future research directions of TENG toward IoTs have also been proposed. The extensive developments and applications of TENG will push forward the IoTs into an energy autonomy fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Cao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Xiong
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Sun
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyin Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qijun Sun
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, People's Republic of China.
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong Zhongke Naneng Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Dongying, 7061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, People's Republic of China.
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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Xiao T, Wang J, Guo J, Zhao X, Yan Y. Magnetic-field-controlled counterion migration within polyionic liquid micropores enables nano-energy harvest. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:1523-1532. [PMID: 36274634 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00323f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Efficient separation of positive and negative charges is essential for developing high-performance nanogenerators. In this article, we describe a method that was not previously demonstrated to separate charges which enables us to fabricate a magnetic energy harvesting device. The magnetic field induces the migration of the mobile magnetic counterions (Dy(NO3)4-) which establishes anion gradients within a layer of polyionic liquid micropores (PLM). The PLM is covalently cross-linked on which the positive charges are fixed on the matrix, that is, immobile. In a device with a structure of Au/dielectric//mag-PLM//dielectric/Au, the charge gradient is subsequently transformed into the output voltage through electrostatic induction. Removing the magnetic field leads to the backflow of magnetic anions which produces a voltage with a similar magnitude but reversed polarity. The parameters in fabricating the magnetic PLM such as photoinitiator concentration, UV irradiation time, water treatment time, and temperature are found to dramatically influence the size of micropores and the effective concentration of magnetic anions. Under optimized conditions, an output voltage with an amplitude of approximately 4 V is finally achieved. We expect this new method could find practical applications in further improving the output performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiahui Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Yong Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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Chen X, Wang F, Zhao Y, Wu P, Gao L, Ouyang C, Yang Y, Mu X. Surface Plasmon Effect Dominated High-Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Traditional Chinese Medicine Acupuncture. Research (Wash D C) 2022; 2022:9765634. [PMID: 36299448 PMCID: PMC9575470 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9765634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Available, effectively converting low-frequency vibration into available electricity, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is always research hot nowadays. However, the enhancing effect of the existing methods for the output have all sorts of drawbacks, i.e., low efficiency and unstable, and its practical applications still need to be further explored. Here, leveraging core-shell nanoparticles Ag@SiO2 doping into tribo-materials generates the surface plasmon effect to boost the output performance of the TENG. On one hand, the shell alleviated the seepage effect from conventional nanoparticles; on the other hand, the surface plasmon effect enabled the core-shell nanoparticles to further boost the output performance of TENG. We circumvent the limitations and present a TENG whose output power density can be up to 4.375 mW/cm2. Points is that this article novelty investigate the high-performance TENG applicating for traditional Chinese medicine and develop a pratical self-powered acupuncture system. This technology enables rapid, routine regulation of human health at any age, which has potential applications in nearly any setting across healthcare platforms alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems Ministry of Education, International R & D center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Fayang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems Ministry of Education, International R & D center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yanjun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems Ministry of Education, International R & D center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Pengfan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems Ministry of Education, International R & D center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Lingxiao Gao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Chun Ouyang
- Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ya Yang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Xiaojing Mu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems Ministry of Education, International R & D center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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18
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Zhang K, Chen S, Chen Y, Jia L, Cheng C, Dong S, Hao J. Elastomeric Liquid-Free Conductor for Iontronic Devices. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11994-12004. [PMID: 36137186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For a long time, the potential application of gel-based ionic devices was limited by the problem of liquid leakage or evaporation. Here, we utilized amorphous, irreversible and reversible cross-linked polyTA (PTA) as a matrix and lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonamide) (LiTFSI) as an electrolyte to prepare a stretchable (495%) and self-healing (94%) solvent-free elastomeric ionic conductor. The liquid-free ionic elastomer can be used as a stable strain sensor to monitor human activities sensitively under extreme temperatures. Moreover, the prepared elastic conductor (TEOA0.10-PTA@LiTFSI) was also considered an electrode to assemble with self-designed repairable dielectric organosilicon layers (RD-PDMS) to develop a sustainable triboelectric nanogenerator (SU-TENG) with outstanding performance. SU-TENG maintained good working ability under extreme conditions (-20 °C, 60 °C, and 200% strain). This work provided a low-cost and simple idea for the development of reliable iontronic equipment for human-computer interaction, motion sensing, and sustainable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yanglei Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Liangying Jia
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Can Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shuli Dong
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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Deng Z, Xu L, Qin H, Li X, Duan J, Hou B, Wang ZL. Rationally Structured Triboelectric Nanogenerator Arrays for Harvesting Water-Current Energy and Self-Powered Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2205064. [PMID: 35927935 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water-current energy is an enormous and widely distributed clean energy in nature, with different scales from large ocean flow to small local turbulence. However, few effective technologies have been proposed to make use of different forms of water currents as a power source. Here, high-performance paired triboelectric nanogenerators (P-TENGs) capable of integrating massively into a thin flexible layer as a structured triboelectric surface (STS) are demonstrated for harvesting water-current energy. Novel gas packet exchange structure and rigid-flexible coupling deformation mechanism are introduced to ensure that the device can work very effectively even in deep water under high water pressure. The rationally designed TENG array in the STS enables highly efficient power take-off from the flow. Typically, the STS demonstrates a high-frequency output up to 57 Hz, largely superior to current TENG devices, and the power density is improved by over 100 times for triboelectric devices harvesting current energy. The flexible STS is capable of attaching to various surfaces or applying independently for self-powered sensing and underwater power supply, showing great potential for water-current energy utilization. Moreover, the work also initiates universal strategies to fabricate high-frequency devices under large environment pressure, which may profoundly enrich the design of TENGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Deng
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Liang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Huaifang Qin
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xianye Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jizhou Duan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Baorong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
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20
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Zhang D, Tang Y, Zhang C, Huhe F, Wu B, Gong X, Chuang SSC, Zheng J. Formulating Zwitterionic, Responsive Polymers for Designing Smart Soils. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203899. [PMID: 35996809 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The design of new remediation strategies and materials for treating saline-alkaline soils is of fundamental and practical importantance for many applications. Conventional soil remediation strategies mainly focus on the development of fertilizers or additives for water, nutrient, and heavy metal managements in soils, but they often overlook a soil sensing function for early detection of salinization/alkalization levels toward optimal and timely soil remediation. Here, new smart soils, structurally consisting of the upper signal soil and the bottom hygroscopic bed and chemically including zwitterionic, thermo-responsive poly(NIPAM-co-VPES) and poly(NIPAM-co-SBAA) aerogels in each soil layer are formulated. Upon salinization, the resultant smart soils exhibit multiple superior capacities for reducing the soil salinity and alkalinity through ion exchange, controlling the water cycling, modulating the degradation of pyridine-base ligands into water-soluble, nitrogenous salts-rich ingredients for soil fertility, and real-time monitoring salinized soils via pH-induced allochroic color changes. Further studies of plant growth in smart soils with or without salinization treatments confirm a synergy effect of soil remediation and soil sensing on facilitating the growth of plants and increasing the saline-alkaline tolerance of plants. The esign concept of smart soils can be further expanded for soil remediation and assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Yijing Tang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Chang Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguan West Road 1219, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Fnu Huhe
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Avenue, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Baoyi Wu
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguan West Road 1219, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Xiong Gong
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Avenue, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Steven S C Chuang
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Avenue, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
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21
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Lu Z, Jia C, Yang X, Zhu Y, Sun F, Zhao T, Zhang S, Mao Y. A Flexible TENG Based on Micro-Structure Film for Speed Skating Techniques Monitoring and Biomechanical Energy Harvesting. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1576. [PMID: 35564285 PMCID: PMC9103164 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Wearable motion-monitoring systems have been widely used in recent years. However, the battery energy storage problem of traditional wearable devices limits the development of human sports training applications. In this paper, a self-powered and portable micro-structure triboelectric nanogenerator (MS-TENG) has been made. It consists of micro-structure polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film, and lithium chloride polyacrylamide (LiCl-PAAM) hydrogel. Through the micro-structure, the voltage of the MS-TENG can be improved by 7 times. The MS-TENG provides outstanding sensing properties: maximum output voltage of 74 V, angular sensitivity of 1.016 V/degree, high signal-to-noise ratio, and excellent long-term service stability. We used it to monitor the running skills of speed skaters. It can also store the biomechanical energy which is generated in the process of speed skating through capacitors. It demonstrates capability of sensor to power electronic calculator and electronic watch. In addition, as a flexible electrode hydrogel, it can readily stretch over 1300%, which can help improve the service life and work stability of MS-TENG. Therefore, MS-TENG has great application potential in human sports training monitoring and big data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Lu
- School of Physical Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China;
| | - Changjun Jia
- Physical Education Department, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.)
| | - Xu Yang
- Changchun Polytechnic Tourism School, Changchun 130022, China;
| | - Yongsheng Zhu
- Physical Education Department, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.)
| | - Fengxin Sun
- Physical Education Department, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.)
| | - Tianming Zhao
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China;
| | - Shouwei Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China;
| | - Yupeng Mao
- School of Physical Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China;
- Physical Education Department, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.)
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22
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Shi X, Luo J, Luo J, Li X, Han K, Li D, Cao X, Wang ZL. Flexible Wood-Based Triboelectric Self-Powered Smart Home System. ACS NANO 2022; 16:3341-3350. [PMID: 35148073 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and big data, the smart home has played a critical role in human life and smart cities, where large amounts of distributed sensors should be applied. Here, we report a natural wood-based triboelectric self-powered sensor (WTSS) for building the smart home system. Based on an effective and simple treatment strategy for natural wood, the WTSS shows superior sensitivity, flexibility, stability, and thinness. Owing to the extensive use of wood materials in home construction, the WTSS is integrated with household facilities and applied in three real-time human-machine interfaces, including a smart home control system, a smart password gate control system, and a smart floor monitoring system, with advantages of low cost, easy operation, and eco-friendliness. This work promotes the development of wood-based flexible electronics and shows potential applications in the construction of smart homes and future cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Shi
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Luo
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhe Luo
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunjia Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Han
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Cao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies, and Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- CUSTech Institute, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325024, People's Republic of China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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