1
|
Lin Y, Yang M, Cheng C, Wu J, Yu B, Zhang X. Age-related dysregulation of CXCL9/10 in monocytes is linked to impaired innate immune responses in a mouse model of Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:300. [PMID: 39001897 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-associated impairments in innate immunity are believed to be a causative factor responsible for severe pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection in the bone tissue. However, the basis for age-associated decline in innate immune response upon S. aureus infection remains poorly understood. RESULTS Our transcriptional data (GEO: GSE166522) from a mouse model of S. aureus osteomyelitis show up-regulated CXCL9 and CXCL10 (CXCL9/10), which is further confirmed in vitro and in vivo by the present study. Notably, monocytes are a main source for CXCL9/10 production in bone marrow upon S. aureus challenge, but this response declines in middle-aged mice. Interestingly, conditional medium of bone marrow monocytes from middle-aged mice has a strikingly decreased effect on bactericidal functions of neutrophils and macrophages compares with that from young mice. We further show that activation of CXCL9/10-CXCR3 axis between monocytes and macrophages/neutrophils promotes the bactericidal function of the cells, whereas blocking the axis impairs such function. Importantly, treatment with either exogenous CXCL9 or CXCL10 in a middle-aged mice model enhances, while pharmacological inhibition of CXCR3 in young mice model impairs, bacterial clearance and bone marrow structure. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that bone marrow monocytes act as a critical promotor of innate immune response via the CXLCL9/10-CXCR3 axis upon S. aureus infection, and that the increased susceptibility to S. aureus infection in skeleton in an aged host may be largely attributable to the declined induction of CXCR9/10 in monocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihuang Lin
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Mankai Yang
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Chubin Cheng
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Jichang Wu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Xianrong Zhang
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Phan HV, Tsitsiklis A, Maguire CP, Haddad EK, Becker PM, Kim-Schulze S, Lee B, Chen J, Hoch A, Pickering H, van Zalm P, Altman MC, Augustine AD, Calfee CS, Bosinger S, Cairns CB, Eckalbar W, Guan L, Jayavelu ND, Kleinstein SH, Krammer F, Maecker HT, Ozonoff A, Peters B, Rouphael N, Montgomery RR, Reed E, Schaenman J, Steen H, Levy O, Diray-Arce J, Langelier CR. Host-microbe multiomic profiling reveals age-dependent immune dysregulation associated with COVID-19 immunopathology. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadj5154. [PMID: 38630846 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adj5154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Age is a major risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), yet the mechanisms behind this relationship have remained incompletely understood. To address this, we evaluated the impact of aging on host immune response in the blood and the upper airway, as well as the nasal microbiome in a prospective, multicenter cohort of 1031 vaccine-naïve patients hospitalized for COVID-19 between 18 and 96 years old. We performed mass cytometry, serum protein profiling, anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody assays, and blood and nasal transcriptomics. We found that older age correlated with increased SARS-CoV-2 viral abundance upon hospital admission, delayed viral clearance, and increased type I interferon gene expression in both the blood and upper airway. We also observed age-dependent up-regulation of innate immune signaling pathways and down-regulation of adaptive immune signaling pathways. Older adults had lower naïve T and B cell populations and higher monocyte populations. Over time, older adults demonstrated a sustained induction of pro-inflammatory genes and serum chemokines compared with younger individuals, suggesting an age-dependent impairment in inflammation resolution. Transcriptional and protein biomarkers of disease severity differed with age, with the oldest adults exhibiting greater expression of pro-inflammatory genes and proteins in severe disease. Together, our study finds that aging is associated with impaired viral clearance, dysregulated immune signaling, and persistent and potentially pathologic activation of pro-inflammatory genes and proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Van Phan
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | | | | | - Elias K Haddad
- Drexel University, Tower Health Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Patrice M Becker
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | | | - Brian Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Research Computing, Department of Information Technology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Annmarie Hoch
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Harry Pickering
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Patrick van Zalm
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew C Altman
- Benaroya Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Alison D Augustine
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Carolyn S Calfee
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | | | - Charles B Cairns
- Drexel University, Tower Health Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Walter Eckalbar
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Leying Guan
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | | | - Florian Krammer
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Holden T Maecker
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Al Ozonoff
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Research Computing, Department of Information Technology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | - Elaine Reed
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joanna Schaenman
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hanno Steen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joann Diray-Arce
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles R Langelier
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Singh MS, Pyati A, Rubi RD, Subramanian R, Muley VY, Ansari MA, Yellaboina S. Systems-wide view of host-pathogen interactions across COVID-19 severities using integrated omics analysis. iScience 2024; 27:109087. [PMID: 38384846 PMCID: PMC10879696 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms explaining the variability in COVID-19 clinical manifestations (mild, moderate, and severe) are not fully understood. To identify key gene expression markers linked to disease severity, we employed an integrated approach, combining host-pathogen protein-protein interaction data and viral-induced host gene expression data. We analyzed an RNA-seq dataset from peripheral blood mononuclear cells across 12 projects representing the spectrum of disease severity. We identified genes showing differential expression across mild, moderate, and severe conditions. Enrichment analysis of the pathways in host proteins targeted by each of the SARS-CoV-2 proteins revealed a strong association with processes related to ribosomal biogenesis, translation, and translocation. Interestingly, most of these pathways and associated cellular machinery, including ribosomal biogenesis, ribosomal proteins, and translation, were upregulated in mild conditions but downregulated in severe cases. This suggests that COVID-19 exhibits a paradoxical host response, boosting host/viral translation in mild cases but slowing it in severe cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mairembam Stelin Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, SCLS, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Department of Zoology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anand Pyati
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 508126, India
| | - R. Devika Rubi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Keshav Memorial Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Rajasekaran Subramanian
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Keshav Memorial Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | | | - Mairaj Ahmed Ansari
- Department of Biotechnology, SCLS, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Centre for Virology, SIST, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sailu Yellaboina
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 508126, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Borczuk AC. Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Long COVID-19. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100378. [PMID: 37931841 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is characterized by an acute respiratory illness that, in some patients, progresses to respiratory failure, largely demonstrating a pattern of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Excluding fatal cases, the outcome of this severe illness ranges from complete resolution to persistent respiratory dysfunction. This subacute-to-chronic respiratory illness has different manifestations and is collectively termed as "long COVID." The pathogenesis of organ dysfunction in acute injury stems from exaggerated innate immune response, complement activation, and monocyte influx, with a shift toward an organ injury state with abnormalities in cellular maturation. Although the increased rate of thrombosis observed in acute COVID-19 does not appear to persist, interestingly, ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 and post-COVID pathogeneses appear to reflect the persistence of immune and cellular disturbances triggered by the acute and subacute periods.
Collapse
|
5
|
Choy C, Chen J, Li J, Gallagher DT, Lu J, Wu D, Zou A, Hemani H, Baptiste BA, Wichmann E, Yang Q, Ciffelo J, Yin R, McKelvy J, Melvin D, Wallace T, Dunn C, Nguyen C, Chia CW, Fan J, Ruffolo J, Zukley L, Shi G, Amano T, An Y, Meirelles O, Wu WW, Chou CK, Shen RF, Willis RA, Ko MSH, Liu YT, De S, Pierce BG, Ferrucci L, Egan J, Mariuzza R, Weng NP. SARS-CoV-2 infection establishes a stable and age-independent CD8 + T cell response against a dominant nucleocapsid epitope using restricted T cell receptors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6725. [PMID: 37872153 PMCID: PMC10593757 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The resolution of SARS-CoV-2 replication hinges on cell-mediated immunity, wherein CD8+ T cells play a vital role. Nonetheless, the characterization of the specificity and TCR composition of CD8+ T cells targeting non-spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 before and after infection remains incomplete. Here, we analyzed CD8+ T cells recognizing six epitopes from the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein and found that SARS-CoV-2 infection slightly increased the frequencies of N-recognizing CD8+ T cells but significantly enhanced activation-induced proliferation compared to that of the uninfected donors. The frequencies of N-specific CD8+ T cells and their proliferative response to stimulation did not decrease over one year. We identified the N222-230 peptide (LLLDRLNQL, referred to as LLL thereafter) as a dominant epitope that elicited the greatest proliferative response from both convalescent and uninfected donors. Single-cell sequencing of T cell receptors (TCR) from LLL-specific CD8+ T cells revealed highly restricted Vα gene usage (TRAV12-2) with limited CDR3α motifs, supported by structural characterization of the TCR-LLL-HLA-A2 complex. Lastly, transcriptome analysis of LLL-specific CD8+ T cells from donors who had expansion (expanders) or no expansion (non-expanders) after in vitro stimulation identified increased chromatin modification and innate immune functions of CD8+ T cells in non-expanders. These results suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces LLL-specific CD8+ T cell responses with a restricted TCR repertoire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecily Choy
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiangyuan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D Travis Gallagher
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jian Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daichao Wu
- W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ainslee Zou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Humza Hemani
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Beverly A Baptiste
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily Wichmann
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qian Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Ciffelo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rui Yin
- W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Julia McKelvy
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Denise Melvin
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tonya Wallace
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Dunn
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cuong Nguyen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chee W Chia
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jinshui Fan
- Computational Biology and Genomics Core, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeannie Ruffolo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Linda Zukley
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Yang An
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Osorio Meirelles
- Laboratory of Epidemiology & Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wells W Wu
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, CBER, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Chao-Kai Chou
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, CBER, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Rong-Fong Shen
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, CBER, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Richard A Willis
- NIH Tetramer Core Facility at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Supriyo De
- Computational Biology and Genomics Core, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian G Pierce
- W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Josephine Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roy Mariuzza
- W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Nan-Ping Weng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee MJ, Blish CA. Defining the role of natural killer cells in COVID-19. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1628-1638. [PMID: 37460639 PMCID: PMC10538371 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are critical effectors of antiviral immunity. Researchers have therefore sought to characterize the NK cell response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The NK cells of patients with severe COVID-19 undergo extensive phenotypic and functional changes. For example, the NK cells from critically ill patients with COVID-19 are highly activated and exhausted, with poor cytotoxic function and cytokine production upon stimulation. The NK cell response to SARS-CoV-2 is also modulated by changes induced in virally infected cells, including the ability of a viral peptide to bind HLA-E, preventing NK cells from receiving inhibitory signals, and the downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I and ligands for the activating receptor NKG2D. These changes have important implications for the ability of infected cells to escape NK cell killing. The implications of these findings for antibody-dependent NK cell activity in COVID-19 are also reviewed. Despite these advances in the understanding of the NK cell response to SARS-CoV-2, there remain critical gaps in our current understanding and a wealth of avenues for future research on this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline J Lee
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Doratt BM, Sureshchandra S, True H, Rincon M, Marshall NE, Messaoudi I. Mild/asymptomatic COVID-19 in unvaccinated pregnant mothers impairs neonatal immune responses. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e172658. [PMID: 37698937 PMCID: PMC10629812 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers placental inflammation and alters cord blood immune cell composition. However, most studies focus on outcomes of severe maternal infection. Therefore, we analyzed cord blood and chorionic villi from newborns of unvaccinated mothers who experienced mild/asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. We investigated immune cell rewiring using flow cytometry, single-cell RNA sequencing, and functional readouts using ex vivo stimulation with TLR agonists and pathogens. Maternal infection was associated with increased frequency of memory T and B cells and nonclassical monocytes in cord blood. Ex vivo T and B cell responses to stimulation were attenuated, suggesting a tolerogenic state. Maladaptive responses were also observed in cord blood monocytes, where antiviral responses were dampened but responses to bacterial TLRs were increased. Maternal infection was also associated with expansion and activation of placental Hofbauer cells, secreting elevated levels of myeloid cell-recruiting chemokines. Moreover, we reported increased activation of maternally derived monocytes/macrophages in the fetal placenta that were transcriptionally primed for antiviral responses. Our data indicate that even in the absence of vertical transmission or symptoms in the neonate, mild/asymptomatic maternal COVID-19 altered the transcriptional and functional state in fetal immune cells in circulation and in the placenta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brianna M. Doratt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Suhas Sureshchandra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, and
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Heather True
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Monica Rincon
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Nicole E. Marshall
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shin E, Bak SH, Park T, Kim JW, Yoon SR, Jung H, Noh JY. Understanding NK cell biology for harnessing NK cell therapies: targeting cancer and beyond. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1192907. [PMID: 37539051 PMCID: PMC10395517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene-engineered immune cell therapies have partially transformed cancer treatment, as exemplified by the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells in certain hematologic malignancies. However, there are several limitations that need to be addressed to target more cancer types. Natural killer (NK) cells are a type of innate immune cells that represent a unique biology in cancer immune surveillance. In particular, NK cells obtained from heathy donors can serve as a source for genetically engineered immune cell therapies. Therefore, NK-based therapies, including NK cells, CAR-NK cells, and antibodies that induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of NK cells, have emerged. With recent advances in genetic engineering and cell biology techniques, NK cell-based therapies have become promising approaches for a wide range of cancers, viral infections, and senescence. This review provides a brief overview of NK cell characteristics and summarizes diseases that could benefit from NK-based therapies. In addition, we discuss recent preclinical and clinical investigations on the use of adoptive NK cell transfer and agents that can modulate NK cell activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Shin
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Bak
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Park
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Ran Yoon
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haiyoung Jung
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Noh
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yao XP, Ye J, Feng T, Jiang FC, Zhou P, Wang F, Chen JG, Wu PF. Adaptor protein MyD88 confers the susceptibility to stress via amplifying immune danger signals. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 108:204-220. [PMID: 36496170 PMCID: PMC9726649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the pathogenic role of neuroinflammation in psychiatric diseases, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and neuropsychiatric symptoms of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, the precise mechanism and therapeutic strategy are poorly understood. Here, we report that myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), a pivotal adaptor that bridges toll-like receptors to their downstream signaling by recruiting the signaling complex called 'myddosome', was up-regulated in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) after exposure to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein. The inducible expression of MyD88 in the mPFC primed neuroinflammation and conferred stress susceptibility via amplifying immune danger signals, such as high-mobility group box 1 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Overexpression of MyD88 aggravated, whereas knockout or pharmacological inhibition of MyD88 ameliorated CSDS-induced depressive-like behavior. Notably, TJ-M2010-5, a novel synthesized targeting inhibitor of MyD88 dimerization, alleviated both CSDS- and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-induced depressive-like behavior. Taken together, our findings indicate that inhibiting MyD88 signaling represents a promising therapeutic strategy for stress-related mental disorders, such as MDD and COVID-19-related neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Ping Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng-Chao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China; The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, 430030 Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China; The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, 430030 Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, China.
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China; The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, 430030 Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fionda C, Ruggeri S, Sciumè G, Laffranchi M, Quinti I, Milito C, Palange P, Menichini I, Sozzani S, Frati L, Gismondi A, Santoni A, Stabile H. Age-dependent NK cell dysfunctions in severe COVID-19 patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1039120. [PMID: 36466890 PMCID: PMC9713640 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1039120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are key innate effectors of antiviral immune response, and their activity changes in ageing and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Here, we investigated the age-related changes of NK cell phenotype and function during SARS-CoV-2 infection, by comparing adult and elderly patients both requiring mechanical ventilation. Adult patients had a reduced number of total NK cells, while elderly showed a peculiar skewing of NK cell subsets towards the CD56lowCD16high and CD56neg phenotypes, expressing activation markers and check-point inhibitory receptors. Although NK cell degranulation ability is significantly compromised in both cohorts, IFN-γ production is impaired only in adult patients in a TGF-β-dependent manner. This inhibitory effect was associated with a shorter hospitalization time of adult patients suggesting a role for TGF-β in preventing an excessive NK cell activation and systemic inflammation. Our data highlight an age-dependent role of NK cells in shaping SARS-CoV-2 infection toward a pathophysiological evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Ruggeri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sciumè
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Laffranchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Quinti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Milito
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Palange
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Menichini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvano Sozzani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Luigi Frati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Angela Gismondi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Helena Stabile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- John W Rowe
- Robert Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Health Policy and Management, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shafqat A, Shafqat S, Salameh SA, Kashir J, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A. Mechanistic Insights Into the Immune Pathophysiology of COVID-19; An In-Depth Review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:835104. [PMID: 35401519 PMCID: PMC8989408 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.835104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus-19 (COVID-19), has caused significant morbidity and mortality globally. In addition to the respiratory manifestations seen in severe cases, multi-organ pathologies also occur, making management a much-debated issue. In addition, the emergence of new variants can potentially render vaccines with a relatively limited utility. Many investigators have attempted to elucidate the precise pathophysiological mechanisms causing COVID-19 respiratory and systemic disease. Spillover of lung-derived cytokines causing a cytokine storm is considered the cause of systemic disease. However, recent studies have provided contradictory evidence, whereby the extent of cytokine storm is insufficient to cause severe illness. These issues are highly relevant, as management approaches considering COVID-19 a classic form of acute respiratory distress syndrome with a cytokine storm could translate to unfounded clinical decisions, detrimental to patient trajectory. Additionally, the precise immune cell signatures that characterize disease of varying severity remain contentious. We provide an up-to-date review on the immune dysregulation caused by COVID-19 and highlight pertinent discussions in the scientific community. The response from the scientific community has been unprecedented regarding the development of highly effective vaccines and cutting-edge research on novel therapies. We hope that this review furthers the conversations held by scientists and informs the aims of future research projects, which will potentially further our understanding of COVID-19 and its immune pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Junaid Kashir
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Alkattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|