1
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Zhang Q, Song Z, Sun X, Liu Y, Wan J, Betzler SB, Zheng Q, Shangguan J, Bustillo KC, Ercius P, Narang P, Huang Y, Zheng H. Atomic dynamics of electrified solid-liquid interfaces in liquid-cell TEM. Nature 2024; 630:643-647. [PMID: 38898295 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07479-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Electrified solid-liquid interfaces (ESLIs) play a key role in various electrochemical processes relevant to energy1-5, biology6 and geochemistry7. The electron and mass transport at the electrified interfaces may result in structural modifications that markedly influence the reaction pathways. For example, electrocatalyst surface restructuring during reactions can substantially affect the catalysis mechanisms and reaction products1-3. Despite its importance, direct probing the atomic dynamics of solid-liquid interfaces under electric biasing is challenging owing to the nature of being buried in liquid electrolytes and the limited spatial resolution of current techniques for in situ imaging through liquids. Here, with our development of advanced polymer electrochemical liquid cells for transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we are able to directly monitor the atomic dynamics of ESLIs during copper (Cu)-catalysed CO2 electroreduction reactions (CO2ERs). Our observation reveals a fluctuating liquid-like amorphous interphase. It undergoes reversible crystalline-amorphous structural transformations and flows along the electrified Cu surface, thus mediating the crystalline Cu surface restructuring and mass loss through the interphase layer. The combination of real-time observation and theoretical calculations unveils an amorphization-mediated restructuring mechanism resulting from charge-activated surface reactions with the electrolyte. Our results open many opportunities to explore the atomic dynamics and its impact in broad systems involving ESLIs by taking advantage of the in situ imaging capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiubo Zhang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Zhigang Song
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xianhu Sun
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiawei Wan
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sophia B Betzler
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Qi Zheng
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Junyi Shangguan
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Karen C Bustillo
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peter Ercius
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Prineha Narang
- Division of Physical Sciences, College of Letters and Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Haimei Zheng
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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2
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Chaney G, Golov A, van Roekeghem A, Carrasco J, Mingo N. Two-Step Growth Mechanism of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Argyrodyte/Li-Metal Contacts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38699998 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The structure and growth of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) region between an electrolyte and an electrode is one of the most fundamental yet less well-understood phenomena in solid-state batteries. We present an atomistic simulation of the SEI growth for one of the currently promising solid electrolytes (Li6PS5Cl), based on ab initio-trained machine learning interatomic potentials, for over 30,000 atoms during 10 ns, well beyond the capabilities of conventional molecular dynamics. This unveils a two-step growth mechanism: a Li-argyrodite chemical reaction leading to the formation of an amorphous phase, followed by a kinetically slower crystallization of the reaction products into a 5Li2S·Li3P·LiCl solid solution. The simulation results support the recent, experimentally founded hypothesis of an indirect pathway of electrolyte reduction. These findings shed light on the intricate processes governing SEI evolution, providing a valuable foundation for the design and optimization of next-generation solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracie Chaney
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN, 17 Rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38054, France
| | - Andrey Golov
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC EnergiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01510, Spain
| | | | - Javier Carrasco
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC EnergiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01510, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Natalio Mingo
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN, 17 Rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38054, France
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3
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Deebansok S, Deng J, Le Calvez E, Zhu Y, Crosnier O, Brousse T, Fontaine O. Capacitive tendency concept alongside supervised machine-learning toward classifying electrochemical behavior of battery and pseudocapacitor materials. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1133. [PMID: 38326356 PMCID: PMC10850137 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45394-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, more than 100,000 scientific articles have been devoted to the development of electrode materials for supercapacitors and batteries. However, there is still intense debate surrounding the criteria for determining the electrochemical behavior involved in Faradaic reactions, as the issue is often complicated by the electrochemical signals produced by various electrode materials and their different physicochemical properties. The difficulty lies in the inability to determine which electrode type (battery vs. pseudocapacitor) these materials belong to via simple binary classification. To overcome this difficulty, we apply supervised machine learning for image classification to electrochemical shape analysis (over 5500 Cyclic Voltammetry curves and 2900 Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge curves), with the predicted confidence percentage reflecting the shape trend of the curve and thus defined as a manufacturer. It's called "capacitive tendency". This predictor not only transcends the limitations of human-based classification but also provides statistical trends regarding electrochemical behavior. Of note, and of particular importance to the electrochemical energy storage community, which publishes over a hundred articles per week, we have created an online tool to easily categorize their data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siraprapha Deebansok
- Molecular Electrochemistry for Energy laboratory, VISTEC, Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Jie Deng
- Institute for Advanced Study & College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Etienne Le Calvez
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, 44000, Nantes, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Électrochimique de l'Énergie (RS2E), CNRS FR 3459, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Yachao Zhu
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Crosnier
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, 44000, Nantes, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Électrochimique de l'Énergie (RS2E), CNRS FR 3459, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Thierry Brousse
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, 44000, Nantes, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Électrochimique de l'Énergie (RS2E), CNRS FR 3459, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Olivier Fontaine
- Molecular Electrochemistry for Energy laboratory, VISTEC, Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand.
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005, Paris, France.
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4
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Xu J, Xue XX, Shao G, Jing C, Dai S, He K, Jia P, Wang S, Yuan Y, Luo J, Lu J. Atomic-level polarization in electric fields of defects for electrocatalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7849. [PMID: 38030621 PMCID: PMC10686988 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43689-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The thriving field of atomic defect engineering towards advanced electrocatalysis relies on the critical role of electric field polarization at the atomic scale. While this is proposed theoretically, the spatial configuration, orientation, and correlation with specific catalytic properties of materials are yet to be understood. Here, by targeting monolayer MoS2 rich in atomic defects, we pioneer the direct visualization of electric field polarization of such atomic defects by combining advanced electron microscopy with differential phase contrast technology. It is revealed that the asymmetric charge distribution caused by the polarization facilitates the adsorption of H*, which originally activates the atomic defect sites for catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Then, it has been experimentally proven that atomic-level polarization in electric fields can enhance catalytic HER activity. This work bridges the long-existing gap between the atomic defects and advanced electrocatalysis by directly revealing the angstrom-scale electric field polarization and correlating it with the as-tuned catalytic properties of materials; the methodology proposed here could also inspire future studies focusing on catalytic mechanism understanding and structure-property-performance relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xiong-Xiong Xue
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Gonglei Shao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering (IRC4SE2), School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Changfei Jing
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Kun He
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Peipei Jia
- ShenSi Lab, Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Longhua District, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Shun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yifei Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Jun Luo
- ShenSi Lab, Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Longhua District, Shenzhen, 518110, China.
| | - Jun Lu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- Quzhou Institute of Power Battery and Grid Energy Storage, Quzhou, Zhejiang, 324000, China.
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5
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Yang J, Youssef M, Yildiz B. Charged species redistribution at electrochemical interfaces: a model system of the zirconium oxide/water interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:6380-6391. [PMID: 36779480 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05566j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the local distribution of charged defects in the solid state and charged ions in liquid solution near the oxide/liquid interface is key to understanding a range of important electrochemical processes, including oxygen reduction and evolution, corrosion and hydrogen evolution reactions. Based on a grand canonical approach relying on the electrochemical potential of individual charged species, a unified treatment of charged defects on the solid side and ions on the water side can be established. This approach is compatible with first-principles calculations where the formation free energy of individual charged species can be calculated and modulated by imposing certain electrochemical potential. Herein, we apply this framework to a system of monoclinic ZrO2(1̄11)/water interface. The structure, defect chemistry and dynamical behavior of the electric double layer and space charge layer are analyzed with different pH values, water chemistry and doping elements in zirconium oxide. The model predicts ZrO2 solubility in water and the point of zero charge consistent with the experimentally-measured values. We reveal the effect of dopant elements on the concentrations of oxygen and hydrogen species at the surface of the ZrO2 passive layer in contact with water, uncovering an intrinsic trade-off between oxygen diffusion and hydrogen pickup during the corrosion of zirconium alloys. The solid/water interface model established here serves as the basis for modeling reaction and transport kinetics under doping and water chemistry effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Mostafa Youssef
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. .,Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Bilge Yildiz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. .,Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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6
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Zhu Q, Deng Z, Xie H, Xing M, Zhang J. Investigation of Concerted Proton–Electron Donors for Promoting the Selective Production of HCOOH in CO 2 Photoreduction. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Zesheng Deng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haijiao Xie
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co.Ltd. Y2, Second Floor, Building 2, Xixi Legu Creative Pioneering Park, No. 712 Wen’er West Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Mingyang Xing
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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7
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Yao N, Sun SY, Chen X, Zhang XQ, Shen X, Fu ZH, Zhang R, Zhang Q. The Anionic Chemistry in Regulating the Reductive Stability of Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210859. [PMID: 36314987 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Advanced electrolyte design is essential for building high-energy-density lithium (Li) batteries, and introducing anions into the Li+ solvation sheaths has been widely demonstrated as a promising strategy. However, a fundamental understanding of the critical role of anions in such electrolytes is very lacking. Herein, the anionic chemistry in regulating the electrolyte structure and stability is probed by combining computational and experimental approaches. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, the solvents and anions in Li+ solvation sheaths exhibit enhanced and decreased reductive stability compared with free counterparts, respectively, which agrees with both calculated and experimental results of reduction potentials. Accordingly, new strategies are proposed to build stable electrolytes based on the established anionic chemistry. This work unveils the mysterious anionic chemistry in regulating the structure-function relationship of electrolytes and contributes to a rational design of advanced electrolytes for practical Li metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shu-Yu Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Zhang
- Advanced Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhong-Heng Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Advanced Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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8
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Dobhal G, Walsh TR, Tawfik SA. Blocking Directional Lithium Diffusion in Solid-State Electrolytes at the Interface: First-Principles Insights into the Impact of the Space Charge Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:55471-55479. [PMID: 36472502 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the degradation mechanisms in solid-state lithium-ion batteries at interfaces is fundamental for improving battery performance and for designing recycling methodologies for batteries. A key source of battery degradation is the presence of the space charge layer at the solid-state electrolyte-electrode interface and the impact that this layer has on the thermodynamics of the electrolyte structure. Currently, Li10GeP2S12 in its pristine form has one of the highest lithium conductivities and has been used as a template for designing even higher conductivity derived structures. However, being an ionic material with mostly linear diffusion, it is prone to path-blocker defects, which we show here to be especially prevalent in the space charge layer. We analyze the thermodynamic properties of a number of path-blocker defects using density functional theory and their potential crystal decomposition and find that the presence of an electrostatic potential in the space charge layer elevates the likelihood of existence of these defects, which otherwise would not be likely to form in the bulk of the electrolyte away from electrodes. We use ab initio molecular dynamics to assess the impact of these defects on the diffusivity of the crystal and find that they all reduce the lithium diffusivity. While our work focuses on Li10GeP2S12, it is relevant to any solid-state electrolyte with mainly linear diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Dobhal
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria3216, Australia
| | - Tiffany R Walsh
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria3216, Australia
| | - Sherif Abdulkader Tawfik
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria3216, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC3001, Australia
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9
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Yao N, Sun S, Chen X, Zhang X, Shen X, Fu Z, Zhang R, Zhang Q. The Anionic Chemistry in Regulating the Reductive Stability of Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Shu‐Yu Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xue‐Qiang Zhang
- Advanced Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Xin Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Zhong‐Heng Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Advanced Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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10
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Zeng L, Wu T, Ye T, Mo T, Qiao R, Feng G. Modeling galvanostatic charge-discharge of nanoporous supercapacitors. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 1:725-731. [PMID: 38217143 PMCID: PMC10766529 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-021-00153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Molecular modeling has been considered indispensable in studying the energy storage of supercapacitors at the atomistic level. The constant potential method (CPM) allows the electric potential to be kept uniform in the electrode, which is essential for a realistic description of the charge repartition and dynamics process in supercapacitors. However, previous CPM studies have been limited to the potentiostatic mode. Although widely adopted in experiments, the galvanostatic mode has rarely been investigated in CPM simulations because of a lack of effective methods. Here we develop a modeling approach to simulating the galvanostatic charge-discharge process of supercapacitors under constant potential. We show that, for nanoporous electrodes, this modeling approach can capture experimentally consistent dynamics in supercapacitors. It can also delineate, at the molecular scale, the hysteresis in ion adsorption-desorption dynamics during charging and discharging. This approach thus enables the further accurate modeling of the physics and electrochemistry in supercapacitor dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Taizheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Tangming Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Qiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Guang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China.
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11
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Dean JM, Coles SW, Saunders WR, McCluskey AR, Wolf MJ, Walker AB, Morgan BJ. Overscreening and Underscreening in Solid-Electrolyte Grain Boundary Space-Charge Layers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:135502. [PMID: 34623837 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.135502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycrystalline solids can exhibit material properties that differ significantly from those of equivalent single-crystal samples, in part, because of a spontaneous redistribution of mobile point defects into so-called space-charge regions adjacent to grain boundaries. The general analytical form of these space-charge regions is known only in the dilute limit, where defect-defect correlations can be neglected. Using kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of a three-dimensional Coulomb lattice gas, we show that grain boundary space-charge regions in nondilute solid electrolytes exhibit overscreening-damped oscillatory space-charge profiles-and underscreening-decay lengths that are longer than the corresponding Debye length and that increase with increasing defect-defect interaction strength. Overscreening and underscreening are known phenomena in concentrated liquid electrolytes, and the observation of functionally analogous behavior in solid electrolyte space-charge regions suggests that the same underlying physics drives behavior in both classes of systems. We therefore expect theoretical approaches developed to study nondilute liquid electrolytes to be equally applicable to future studies of solid electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Dean
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel W Coles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - William R Saunders
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R McCluskey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- European Spallation Source ERIC, P.O. Box 176, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matthew J Wolf
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Alison B Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin J Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
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12
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Bhandari A, Peng C, Dziedzic J, Anton L, Owen JR, Kramer D, Skylaris CK. Electrochemistry from first-principles in the grand canonical ensemble. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:024114. [PMID: 34266248 DOI: 10.1063/5.0056514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in electrochemical technologies, such as automotive batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells, depends greatly on developing improved charged interfaces between electrodes and electrolytes. The rational development of such interfaces can benefit from the atomistic understanding of the materials involved by first-principles quantum mechanical simulations with Density Functional Theory (DFT). However, such simulations are typically performed on the electrode surface in the absence of its electrolyte environment and at constant charge. We have developed a new hybrid computational method combining DFT and the Poisson-Boltzmann equation (P-BE) capable of simulating experimental electrochemistry under potential control in the presence of a solvent and an electrolyte. The charged electrode is represented quantum-mechanically via linear-scaling DFT, which can model nanoscale systems with thousands of atoms and is neutralized by a counter electrolyte charge via the solution of a modified P-BE. Our approach works with the total free energy of the combined multiscale system in a grand canonical ensemble of electrons subject to a constant electrochemical potential. It is calibrated with respect to the reduction potential of common reference electrodes, such as the standard hydrogen electrode and the Li metal electrode, which is used as a reference electrode in Li-ion batteries. Our new method can be used to predict electrochemical properties under constant potential, and we demonstrate this in exemplar simulations of the differential capacitance of few-layer graphene electrodes and the charging of a graphene electrode coupled to a Li metal electrode at different voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arihant Bhandari
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Chao Peng
- Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jacek Dziedzic
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Lucian Anton
- Atos UK, 71 High Holborn London WC1V 6EA, United Kingdom
| | - John R Owen
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Denis Kramer
- Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Chris-Kriton Skylaris
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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Muy S, Marzari N. On the design of solid-state Li-ion batteries. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 1:179-180. [PMID: 38183192 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-021-00043-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sokseiha Muy
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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