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Mosquera JD, Escotte-Binet S, Poulle ML, Betoulle S, St-Pierre Y, Caza F, Saucède T, Zapata S, De Los Angeles Bayas R, Ramirez-Villacis DX, Villena I, Bigot-Clivot A. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in wild bivalves from the Kerguelen and Galapagos archipelagos: influence of proximity to cat populations, exposure to marine currents and kelp density. Int J Parasitol 2024; 54:607-615. [PMID: 38885873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Oocysts of the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii are found in felid feces and can be washed into coastal waters, where they persist for months, attaching to algae and accumulating in invertebrates. We used wild bivalves to assess contamination of coastal waters of the Kerguelen and Galapagos archipelagos by this zoonotic parasite. Additionally, we leveraged the contrasting situations of these archipelagos to identify some potential drivers of contamination. In the Galapagos, with a cat density reaching 142 per km2, 15.38% of the sampled oysters (Saccostrea palmula) tested positive for T. gondii by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) (n = 260), and positive samples were found in all eight sampling sites. In Kerguelen, with 1-3 cats per km2, 40.83% of 120 tested mussels (Mytilus edulis platensis) were positive, and positive samples were found in four out of the five sampling sites. These findings provide evidence of T. gondii contamination in the coastal waters of these archipelagos. Furthermore, T. gondii-positive bivalves were found on islands located 20 km away (Galapagos) and 5 km away (Kerguelen) from the nearest cat population, indicating that T. gondii oocysts can disperse through waterborne mechanisms over several kilometers from their initial deposition site. In the Galapagos, where runoff is infrequent and all sites are exposed to currents, the prevalence of qPCR-positive bivalves did not show significant variations between sites (p = 0.107). In Kerguelen where runoff is frequent and site exposure variable, the prevalence varied significantly (p < 0.001). The detection of T. gondii in Kerguelen mussels was significantly correlated with the site exposure to currents (odds ratio (OR) 60.2, p < 0.001) and the on-site density of giant kelp forests (OR 2.624, p < 0.001). This suggests that bivalves can be contaminated not only by oocysts transported by currents but also by consuming marine aggregates containing oocysts that tend to form in kelp forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Mosquera
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, ESCAPE, Reims, France; Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Instituto de Microbiología, COCIBA, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sandie Escotte-Binet
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, ESCAPE, Reims, France
| | - Marie-Lazarine Poulle
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, ESCAPE, Reims, France
| | - Stéphane Betoulle
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ULHN, INERIS, Normandie Univ, SEBIO, UMR-I 02, Reims, France
| | - Yves St-Pierre
- INRS Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - France Caza
- INRS Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas Saucède
- Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, CNRS, EPHE, UMR 6282 Biogéosciences, Dijon, France
| | - Sonia Zapata
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Instituto de Microbiología, COCIBA, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Isabelle Villena
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, ESCAPE, Reims, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) de Reims, Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose, Centre de Référence Biologique (CRB) Toxoplasma, Reims, France
| | - Aurélie Bigot-Clivot
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ULHN, INERIS, Normandie Univ, SEBIO, UMR-I 02, Reims, France.
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Ferchiou S, Caza F, Sinha K, Sauvageau J, St-Pierre Y. Assessing marine ecosystem health using multi-omic analysis of blue mussel liquid biopsies: A case study within a national marine park. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142714. [PMID: 38950751 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Marine ecosystems are under escalating threats from myriad environmental stressors, necessitating a deeper understanding of their impact on biodiversity and the health of sentinel organisms. In this study, we carried out a spatiotemporal multi-omic analysis of liquid biopsies collected from mussels (Mytilus spp.) in marine ecosystems of a national park. We delved into the epigenomic, transcriptomic, glycomic, proteomic, and microbiomic profiles to unravel the intricate interplay between ecosystem biodiversity and mussels' biological response to their environments. Our analysis revealed temporal fluctuations in the alpha diversity of the circulating microbiome associated with human activities. Analysis of the hemolymphatic circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) provided information on the biodiversity and the presence of potential pathogens. Epigenomic analysis revealed widespread hypomethylation sites within the mitochondrial (mtDNA). Comparative transcriptomic and glycomic analyses highlighted differences in metabolic pathways and genes associated with immune and wound healing functions. This study demonstrates the potential of multi-omic analysis of liquid biopsy in sentinel to provide a holistic view of human activities' environmental impacts on marine coastal ecosystems. Overall, this approach has the potential to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of various conservation efforts, leading to more informed decision-making and better outcomes for biodiversity and ecosystem conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ferchiou
- INRS-Center Armand-Frappier Santé Technologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada, H7V 1B7
| | - France Caza
- INRS-Center Armand-Frappier Santé Technologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada, H7V 1B7
| | - Kumardip Sinha
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Dr., K1N 5A2, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janelle Sauvageau
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Dr., K1N 5A2, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yves St-Pierre
- INRS-Center Armand-Frappier Santé Technologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada, H7V 1B7.
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Ferchiou S, Caza F, Villemur R, Betoulle S, St-Pierre Y. From shells to sequences: A proof-of-concept study for on-site analysis of hemolymphatic circulating cell-free DNA from sentinel mussels using Nanopore technology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:172969. [PMID: 38754506 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Blue mussels are often abundant and widely distributed in polar marine coastal ecosystems. Because of their wide distribution, ecological importance, and relatively stationary lifestyle, bivalves have long been considered suitable indicators of ecosystem health and changes. Monitoring the population dynamics of blue mussels can provide information on the overall biodiversity, species interactions, and ecosystem functioning. In the present work, we combined the concept of liquid biopsy (LB), an emerging concept in medicine based on the sequencing of free circulating DNA, with the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) platform using a portable laboratory in a remote area. Our results demonstrate that this platform is ideally suited for sequencing hemolymphatic circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) fragments found in blue mussels. The percentage of non-self ccfDNA accounted for >50 % of ccfDNA at certain sampling Sites, allowing the quick, on-site acquisition of a global view of the biodiversity of a coastal marine ecosystem. These ccfDNA fragments originated from viruses, bacteria, plants, arthropods, algae, and multiple Chordata. Aside from non-self ccfDNA, we found DNA fragments from all 14 blue mussel chromosomes, as well as those originating from the mitochondrial genomes. However, the distribution of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA was significantly different between Sites. Similarly, analyses between various sampling Sites showed that the biodiversity varied significantly within microhabitats. Our work shows that the ONT platform is well-suited for LB in sentinel blue mussels in remote and challenging conditions, enabling faster fieldwork for conservation strategies and resource management in diverse settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ferchiou
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Technologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - France Caza
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Technologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Richard Villemur
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Technologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Stéphane Betoulle
- Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO Stress environnementaux et Biosurveillance des milieux aquatiques, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Yves St-Pierre
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Technologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.
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Fronton F, Villemur R, Robert D, St-Pierre Y. Divergent bacterial landscapes: unraveling geographically driven microbiomes in Atlantic cod. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6088. [PMID: 38480867 PMCID: PMC10938007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56616-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Establishing microbiome signatures is now recognized as a critical step toward identifying genetic and environmental factors shaping animal-associated microbiomes and informing the health status of a given host. In the present work, we prospectively collected 63 blood samples of the Atlantic cod population of the Southern Gulf of Saint Lawrence (GSL) and characterized their 16S rRNA circulating microbiome signature. Our results revealed that the blood microbiome signature was dominated at the phylum level by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria, a typical signature for fish populations inhabiting the GSL and other marine ecosystems. At the genus level, however, we identified two distinct cod groups. While the microbiome signature of the first group was dominated by Pseudoalteromonas, a genus we previously found in the microbiome signature of Greenland and Atlantic halibut populations of the GSL, the second group had a microbiome signature dominated by Nitrobacter and Sediminibacterium (approximately 75% of the circulating microbiome). Cods harboring a Nitrobacter/Sediminibacterium-rich microbiome signature were localized in the most southern part of the GSL, just along the northern coast of Cape Breton Island. Atlantic cod microbiome signatures did not correlate with the weight, length, relative condition, depth, temperature, sex, and salinity, as previously observed in the halibut populations. Our study provides, for the first time, a unique snapshot of the circulating microbiome signature of Atlantic cod populations and the potential existence of dysbiotic signatures associated with the geographical distribution of the population, probably linked with the presence of nitrite in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Fronton
- INRS-Center Armand-Frappier Santé Technologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Richard Villemur
- INRS-Center Armand-Frappier Santé Technologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Dominique Robert
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310, allée des Ursulines, C.P. 3300, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Yves St-Pierre
- INRS-Center Armand-Frappier Santé Technologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
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Bernatchez L, Ferchaud AL, Berger CS, Venney CJ, Xuereb A. Genomics for monitoring and understanding species responses to global climate change. Nat Rev Genet 2024; 25:165-183. [PMID: 37863940 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00657-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
All life forms across the globe are experiencing drastic changes in environmental conditions as a result of global climate change. These environmental changes are happening rapidly, incur substantial socioeconomic costs, pose threats to biodiversity and diminish a species' potential to adapt to future environments. Understanding and monitoring how organisms respond to human-driven climate change is therefore a major priority for the conservation of biodiversity in a rapidly changing environment. Recent developments in genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic technologies are enabling unprecedented insights into the evolutionary processes and molecular bases of adaptation. This Review summarizes methods that apply and integrate omics tools to experimentally investigate, monitor and predict how species and communities in the wild cope with global climate change, which is by genetically adapting to new environmental conditions, through range shifts or through phenotypic plasticity. We identify advantages and limitations of each method and discuss future research avenues that would improve our understanding of species' evolutionary responses to global climate change, highlighting the need for holistic, multi-omics approaches to ecosystem monitoring during global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Bernatchez
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne-Laure Ferchaud
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
- Parks Canada, Office of the Chief Ecosystem Scientist, Protected Areas Establishment, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Chloé Suzanne Berger
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Clare J Venney
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amanda Xuereb
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Grbin D, Geček S, Miljanović A, Pavić D, Hudina S, Žučko J, Rieder J, Pisano SRR, Adrian-Kalchhauser I, Bielen A. Comparison of exoskeleton microbial communities of co-occurring native and invasive crayfish species. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 201:107996. [PMID: 37783231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Host-associated microbial communities are an important determinant of individual fitness and have recently been highlighted as one of the factors influencing the success of invasive species. Invasive hosts introduce their microbes into the new environment, and then both the host and its associated microbes enter into a series of interactions with the native macroscopic and microscopic biota. As these processes are largely unexplored, we aimed to compare the exoskeletal microbial communities of co-occurring and phylogenetically related crayfish: the native narrow-clawed crayfish Pontastacus leptodactylus and the invasive signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus from the recently invaded Korana River, Croatia. The results of high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the exoskeletal microbiome of both species is very diverse, significantly influenced by the local environment and dominated by low abundance bacterial families from the phylum Proteobacteria. Furthermore, the exoskeletal microbiomes of the crayfish species differed significantly in the composition and abundance of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs), suggesting that they are to some extent shaped by species-specific intrinsic factors, despite sharing a common habitat. However, over 95% of the bacterial genera associated with the exoskeleton were detected in the exoskeleton samples of both native and invasive crayfish. We paid particular attention to two known crayfish pathogens, Aphanomyces astaci and Saprolegnia parasitica, and find that both species carry low amounts of both pathogens. On the side, we find that a non-standard ddPCR protocol outperforms standard qPCR test for A. astaci under low concentration conditions. Taken together, our results indicate the possibility of bidirectional mixing and homogenisation of exoskeleton microbiome. As such, they can serve as a baseline in future detangling of the processes that act together to shape the microbiomes of co-occuring native and invasive congeners during biological invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorotea Grbin
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Sunčana Geček
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Anđela Miljanović
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Dora Pavić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Sandra Hudina
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Jurica Žučko
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Jessica Rieder
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge - Batiment Amphipole, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Simone R R Pisano
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Irene Adrian-Kalchhauser
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Ana Bielen
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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