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Stone ND, Parker Fiebelkorn A, Guo A, Mothershed E, Moccia L, Bell J, Yassanye D, Hall E, Duggar C, Srinivasan A, Meyer SA, Link-Gelles R. Challenges and opportunities during the COVID-19 vaccination efforts in long-term care. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(23)01510-4. [PMID: 38184394 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
From December 2020 through March 2023, the COVID-19 vaccination efforts in long-term care (LTC) settings, identified many gaps and opportunities to improve public health capacity to support vaccine distribution, education, and documentation of COVID-19 vaccines administered to LTC residents and staff. Partner engagement at the local, state, and federal levels helped establish pathways for dissemination of information, improve access and delivery of vaccines, and expand reporting of vaccine administration data to monitor the impact of COVID-19 vaccination in LTC settings. Sustaining the improvements to the vaccine infrastructure in LTC settings that were created or enhanced during the COVID-19 vaccination efforts is critical for the protection of residents and staff against COVID-19 and other vaccine preventable respiratory outbreaks in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimalie D Stone
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Amy Parker Fiebelkorn
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Angela Guo
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Strategic Innovative Solutions, LLC, Clearwater, FL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mothershed
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lauren Moccia
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeneita Bell
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Diana Yassanye
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Parasol Health Consulting, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Elisha Hall
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chris Duggar
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arjun Srinivasan
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah A Meyer
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ruth Link-Gelles
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Yin C, Mpofu E, Brock K, Ingman S. Nursing Home Residents' COVID-19 Infections in the United States: A Systematic Review of Personal and Contextual Factors. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2024; 10:23337214241229824. [PMID: 38370579 PMCID: PMC10870703 DOI: 10.1177/23337214241229824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: This mixed methods systemic review synthesizes the evidence about nursing home risks for COVID-19 infections. Methods: Four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Sage Journals Online) were searched between January 2020 and October 2022. Inclusion criteria were studies reported on nursing home COVID-19 infection risks by geography, demography, type of nursing home, staffing and resident's health, and COVID-19 vaccination status. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess the levels of evidence for quality, and a narrative synthesis for reporting the findings by theme. Results: Of 579 initial articles, 48 were included in the review. Findings suggest that highly populated counties and urban locations had a higher likelihood of COVID-19 infections. Larger nursing homes with a low percentage of fully vaccinated residents also had increased risks for COVID-19 infections than smaller nursing homes. Residents with advanced age, of racial minority, and those with chronic illnesses were at higher risk for COVID-19 infections. Discussion and implications: Findings suggest that along with known risk factors for COVID-19 infections, geographic and resident demographics are also important preventive care considerations. Access to COVID-19 vaccinations for vulnerable residents should be a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yin
- University of North Texas, Denton, USA
| | - Elias Mpofu
- University of North Texas, Denton, USA
- University of Sydney, Australia
- University of Johannesburg, South Africa
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Omar SM, Osman OS, Khalil R, Al-Wutayd O, Adam I. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among pregnant women: a hospital-based cross-sectional study in Sudan. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1221788. [PMID: 37529434 PMCID: PMC10387537 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1221788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pregnancy increases the risk of developing a severe illness due to COVID-19 infection. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has been conducted on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among pregnant women in Sudan. Hence, this study aimed to determine COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and its predictors among pregnant women. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 623 pregnant women attending Gadarif maternity hospital in eastern Sudan through a structured questionnaire. Data were obtained on sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric and health-related characteristics, COVID-19 infection, and vaccination-related information, as well as beliefs about and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. Results COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among the pregnant women was 2.7%. The vaccine acceptance was higher if their husband's education was secondary school or higher [adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 4.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-16.65, p = 0.035] and discussion of COVID-19 vaccine with the pregnant women by a health care professional in the hospital (AOR 5.46, 95% CI 1.94-15.35, p < 0.001). The most common reasons for resistance to the vaccine were concerns about the side effects of the vaccine for the mother and her baby. Conclusion Acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccination among the pregnant women was very low. Discussions with pregnant women and their husbands by health care professionals regarding the safety of COVID-19 vaccine for the mother and her baby are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed M. Omar
- Faculty of Medicine, Gadarif University, Gadarif, Sudan
| | | | - Rehana Khalil
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Al-Wutayd
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishag Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
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Leung MHJ, Kung KH, Yau ISK, Fung YY, Mohammad KN, Lau CCA, Au KWA, Chuang SK. COVID-19 outbreaks in residential care homes in Hong Kong and effectiveness of vaccine against severe outcomes. INFECTIOUS MEDICINE 2023; 2:1-10. [PMID: 38013778 PMCID: PMC9839459 DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 outbreaks in residential care homes for the elderly (RCHEs) and for persons with disability (RCHDs) have caused significant morbidity and mortality during 5th epidemic in Hong Kong. This article reviewed COVID-19 outbreaks situation and estimated the effectiveness of receiving at least two-dose of COVID-19 vaccine in preventing severe outcomes. Methods To estimate attack rates and vaccination coverage, documentation on COVID-19 infection and their vaccination records of residential care homes (RCH) residents reported between December 31, 2021 and May 31, 2022 were reviewed, and infected cases were follow-up for 4 weeks for severe outcomes or death. Correlation between vaccination coverage against attack rate by types of homes was examined. Infected RCH residents with available information were included in the analysis of vaccine effectiveness against severe outcomes and death. Results COVID-19 vaccination coverage was low in RCHDs (median 0.46, IQR: 0.24-0.76) and very low in RCHEs (median 0.08, IQR: 0.00-0.19). Higher attack rates were recorded among RCHE residents (median 0.84, IQR: 0.64-0.93) and higher case fatality rate (CFR: 28.1%) than in RCHDs (median 0.58, IQR: 0.31-0.84; CFR: 3.9%). The attack rate decreased when vaccination coverage increased for both RCHEs (ρ = -0.131, p < 0.001) and RCHDs (ρ = -0.333, p < 0.001). Comparing with infected residents who were unvaccinated/vaccinated with one-dose, receiving at least two-dose was estimated to be effective in reducing severe outcomes in 31% and 36% of infected RCHE and RCHD residents respectively; with greater reduction in mortality among RCHD than RCHE residents (54% and 38%, respectively). Vaccine effectiveness of two-dose of BNT162b2 against severe outcomes and death are higher than that of CoronaVac. Conclusions Increasing COVID-19 vaccination could have significant impact on reducing the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks in RCHs. At least two-dose of COVID-19 vaccine is still effective in reducing severe outcomes and death among infected residents in RCHs during Omicron epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kin Hang Kung
- Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ian Siu-Kiu Yau
- Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Yee Fung
- Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | - Ka Wing Albert Au
- Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuk Kwan Chuang
- Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Bui HM, Ha MH, Dao TP, Vu MD, Pham TQ, Nguyen ML, Phan MH, Nguyen MTT, Hoang XHT, Ngo HTT, Van MD, Quang CL. Movement restrictions, vaccine coverage, and reduction of the COVID-19 incidence rate in the fourth wave of the pandemic: Analysis results from 63 provinces in Vietnam. Front Public Health 2023; 10:988107. [PMID: 36711402 PMCID: PMC9878390 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.988107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
On April 27, 2021, the fourth wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic originating from the Delta variant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in Vietnam. The adoption of travel restrictions, coupled with rapid vaccination and mask-wearing, is a global strategy to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Although trade-off between health and economic development are unavoidable in this situation, little evidence that is specific to Vietnam in terms of movement restrictions, vaccine coverage, and real-time COVID-19 cases is available. Our research question is whether travel restrictions and vaccine coverage are related to changes in the incidence of COVID-19 in each province in Vietnam. We used Google's Global Mobility Data Source, which reports different mobility types, along with reports of vaccine coverage and COVID-19 cases retrieved from publicly and freely available datasets, for this research. Starting from the 50th case per province and incorporating a 14-day period to account for exposure and illness, we examined the association between changes in mobility (from day 27 to 04-03/11/2021) and the ratio of the number of new confirmed cases on a given day to the total number of cases in the past 14 days of indexing (the potentially contagious group in the population) per million population by making use of LOESS regression and logit regression. In two-thirds of the surveyed provinces, a reduction of up to 40% in commuting movement (to the workplace, transit stations, grocery stores, and entertainment venues) was related to a reduction in the number of cases, especially in the early stages of the pandemic. Once both movement and disease prevalence had been mitigated, further restrictions offered little additional benefit. These results indicate the importance of early and decisive actions during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh My Bui
- Department of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam,Center for Development of Curriculum and Human Resources in Health Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam,Department of Functional Exploration, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam,Department of Scientific Research and International Cooperation, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam,*Correspondence: Hanh My Bui ✉
| | - Minh Hoang Ha
- ORLab, Faculty of Computer Science, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thang Phuoc Dao
- Department of Scientific Research and International Cooperation, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Manh Duy Vu
- ORLab, Faculty of Computer Science, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thai Quang Pham
- Department of Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh Loi Nguyen
- Administration of Science Technology and Training, Ministry of Health Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh Hong Phan
- Outpatients Department, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Xuyen Hong Thi Hoang
- Center for Development of Curriculum and Human Resources in Health Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam,Department of Scientific Research and International Cooperation, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Minh Do Van
- Department of Orthopedic, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Cuong Le Quang
- Department of Neurology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Optimization of Vaccination Clinics to Improve Staffing Decisions for COVID-19: A Time-Motion Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122045. [PMID: 36560455 PMCID: PMC9781296 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic disturbed people's daily life for more than 2 years, many COVID-19 vaccines have been carried forward systematically to curb the transmission of the virus. However, high vaccination tasks bring great challenges to personnel allocation. We observed nine vaccination clinics in Huzhou and Shanghai and built a discrete-event simulation model to simulate the optimal staffing of vaccination clinics under 10 different scenarios. Based on the result of the simulations, we optimized the allocation of vaccination staff in different stages of epidemic development by province in China. The results showed that optimizing staffing could both boost service utilization and shorten the queuing time for vaccination recipients. Taking Jilin Province as an example, to increase the booster vaccination rate within 3 months, the number of vaccination staff members needed was 2028, with a continuous small-scale breakout and 2,416 under a stable epidemic situation. When there was a shortage of vaccination staff, the total number of vaccination clinic staff members needed could be significantly reduced by combining the preview and registration steps. This study provides theoretical support for the personnel arrangement of COVID-19 vaccinations of a booster dose by province and the assessment of current vaccination staff reserves.
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Wei W, Kong N, Liu MZ, Han T, Xu JF, Liu C. Anisodamine potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and targets its main protease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 616:8-13. [PMID: 35636257 PMCID: PMC9098399 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) provoked a pandemic of acute respiratory disease, namely coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Currently, effective drugs for this disease are urgently warranted. Anisodamine is a traditional Chinese medicine that is predicted as a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate its antiviral activity and crucial targets in SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 and anisodamine were co-cultured in Vero E6 cells, and the antiviral activity of anisodamine was assessed by immunofluorescence assay. The antiviral activity of anisodamine was further measured by pseudovirus entry assay in HEK293/hACE2 cells. Finally, the predictions of crucial targets of anisodamine on SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed by molecular docking studies. We discovered that anisodamine suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells, and reduced the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus entry to HEK293/hACE2 cells. Furthermore, molecular docking studies indicated that anisodamine may target SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) with the docking score of −6.63 kcal/mol and formed three H-bonds with Gly143, Cys145, and Cys44 amino acid residues at the predicted active site of Mpro. This study suggests that anisodamine is a potent antiviral agent for treating COVID-19.
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