1
|
Jose M, Bezerra Alexandre E, Neumaier L, Rauter L, Vijjapu MT, Muehleisen W, Malik MH, Zikulnig J, Kosel J. Future Thread: Printing Electronics on Fibers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7996-8005. [PMID: 38310570 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
This article introduces a methodology to increase the integration density of functional electronic features on fibers/threads/wires through additive deposition of functional materials via printed electronics. It opens the possibility to create a multifunctional intelligent system on a single fiber/thread/wire while combining the advantages of existing approaches, i.e., the scalability of coating techniques and the microfeatures of semiconductor-based fabrication. By directly printing on threads (of diameters ranging from 90 to 1000 μm), micropatterned electronic devices and multifunctional electronic systems could be formed. Contact and noncontact printing methods were utilized to create various shapes from serpentines and meanders to planar coils and interdigitated electrodes, as well as complex multilayer structures for thermal and light actuators, humidity, and temperature sensors. We demonstrate the practicality of the method by integrating a multifunctional thread into a FFP mask for breath monitoring. Printing technologies provide virtually unrestricted choices for the types of threads, materials, and devices used. They are scalable via roll-to-roll processes and offer a resource-efficient way to democratize electronics across textile products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Jose
- Silicon Austria Labs GmbH, Europastraße 12, Villach 9524, Austria
| | - Emily Bezerra Alexandre
- Silicon Austria Labs GmbH, Europastraße 12, Villach 9524, Austria
- Bio/CMOS Interfaces Lab, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Neuchâtel CH-2000, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Neumaier
- Silicon Austria Labs GmbH, Europastraße 12, Villach 9524, Austria
| | - Lukas Rauter
- Silicon Austria Labs GmbH, Europastraße 12, Villach 9524, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Johanna Zikulnig
- Silicon Austria Labs GmbH, Europastraße 12, Villach 9524, Austria
- Bio/CMOS Interfaces Lab, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Neuchâtel CH-2000, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Kosel
- Silicon Austria Labs GmbH, Europastraße 12, Villach 9524, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Verding P, Mary Joy R, Reenaers D, Kumar RS, Rouzbahani R, Jeunen E, Thomas S, Desta D, Boyen HG, Pobedinskas P, Haenen K, Deferme W. The Influence of UV-Ozone, O 2 Plasma, and CF 4 Plasma Treatment on the Droplet-Based Deposition of Diamond Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1719-1726. [PMID: 38154790 PMCID: PMC10789259 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Surface treatment is critical for homogeneous coating over a large area and high-resolution patterning of nanodiamond (ND) particles. To optimize the interaction between the surface of a substrate and the colloid of ND particles, it is essential to remove hydrocarbon contamination by surface treatment and to increase the surface energy of the substrate, hence improving the diamond film homogeneity upon its deposition. However, the impact of substrate surface treatment on the properties of coatings and patterns is not fully understood. This study explores the impact of UV-ozone, O2 plasma, and CF4 plasma treatments on the wetting properties of the fused silica glass substrate surface. We identify the optimal time interval between the treatment and subsequent ND coating/patterning processes, which were conducted using inkjet printing and ultrasonic spray coating techniques. Our results showed that UV-ozone and O2 plasma resulted in hydrophilic surfaces, while CF4 plasma treatment resulted in hydrophobic surfaces. We demonstrate the use of CF4 plasma treatment before inkjet printing to generate high-resolution patterns with dots as small as 30 μm in diameter. Ultrasonic spray coating showed homogeneous coatings after using UV-ozone and O2 plasma treatment. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the hydrocarbon airborne contamination on cleaned surfaces over time even in clean-room environments and have a notable impact on the performance of liquid coatings and patterns. We highlight the importance of timing between the surface treatment and printing in achieving high resolution or homogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Verding
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC
vzw, IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark
1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Rani Mary Joy
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC
vzw, IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark
1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Dieter Reenaers
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC
vzw, IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark
1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Rachith Shanivarasanthe
Nithyananda Kumar
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC
vzw, IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark
1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Rozita Rouzbahani
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC
vzw, IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark
1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ewoud Jeunen
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Seppe Thomas
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Derese Desta
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC
vzw, IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark
1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Hans-Gerd Boyen
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC
vzw, IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark
1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Paulius Pobedinskas
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC
vzw, IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark
1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ken Haenen
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC
vzw, IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark
1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Wim Deferme
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC
vzw, IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark
1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tzaneva B, Aleksandrova M, Mateev V, Stefanov B, Iliev I. Electrochemical Properties of PEDOT:PSS/Graphene Conductive Layers in Artificial Sweat. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 24:39. [PMID: 38202900 PMCID: PMC10780959 DOI: 10.3390/s24010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Electrodes based on PEDOT:PSS are gaining increasing importance as conductive electrodes and functional layers in various sensors and biosensors due to their easy processing and biocompatibility. This study investigates PEDOT:PSS/graphene layers deposited via spray coating on flexible PET substrates. The layers are characterized in terms of their morphology, roughness (via AFM and SEM), and electrochemical properties in artificial sweat using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The layers exhibit dominant capacitive behavior at low frequencies, with cut-off frequencies determined for thicker layers at 1 kHz. The equivalent circuit used to fit the EIS data reveals a resistance of about three orders of magnitude higher inside the layer compared to the charge transfer resistance at the solid/liquid interface. The capacitance values determined from the CV curves range from 54.3 to 122.0 mF m-2. After 500 CV cycles in a potential window of 1 V (from -0.3 to 0.7 V), capacitance retention for most layers is around 94%, with minimal surface changes being observed in the layers. The results suggest practical applications for PEDOT:PSS/graphene layers, both for high-frequency impedance measurements related to the functioning of individual organs and systems, such as impedance electrocardiography, impedance plethysmography, and respiratory monitoring, and as capacitive electrodes in the low-frequency range, realized as layered PEDOT:PSS/graphene conductive structures for biosignal recording.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boriana Tzaneva
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Technology, Technical University of Sofia, Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 8, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Mariya Aleksandrova
- Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electronic Engineering and Technology, Technical University of Sofia, Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 8, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Valentin Mateev
- Department of Electrical Apparatus, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Technical University of Sofia, Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 8, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Bozhidar Stefanov
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Technology, Technical University of Sofia, Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 8, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Ivo Iliev
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electronic Engineering and Technology, Technical University of Sofia, Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 8, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|