1
|
Franco M, Kiazadeh A, Deuermeier J, Lanceros-Méndez S, Martins R, Carlos E. Inkjet printed IGZO memristors with volatile and non-volatile switching. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7469. [PMID: 38553556 PMCID: PMC10980760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Solution-based memristors deposited by inkjet printing technique have a strong technological potential based on their scalability, low cost, environmentally friendlier processing by being an efficient technique with minimal material waste. Indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO), an oxide semiconductor material, shows promising resistive switching properties. In this work, a printed Ag/IGZO/ITO memristor has been fabricated. The IGZO thickness influences both memory window and switching voltage of the devices. The devices show both volatile counter8wise (c8w) and non-volatile 8wise (8w) switching at low operating voltage. The 8w switching has a SET and RESET voltage lower than 2 V and - 5 V, respectively, a retention up to 105 s and a memory window up to 100, whereas the c8w switching shows volatile characteristics with a low threshold voltage (Vth < - 0.65 V) and a characteristic time (τ) of 0.75 ± 0.12 ms when a single pulse of - 0.65 V with width of 0.1 ms is applied. The characteristic time alters depending on the number of pulses. These volatile characteristics allowed them to be tested on different 4-bit pulse sequences, as an initial proof of concept for temporal signal processing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Franco
- Center of Physics, University of Minho and Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Asal Kiazadeh
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Jonas Deuermeier
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica, Portugal
| | - S Lanceros-Méndez
- Center of Physics, University of Minho and Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Emanuel Carlos
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chiba K, Harada Y, Matsumoto H, Matsui H, Ito N, Sekine T, Nagamine K. Screen-printed wearable skin surface pH sensor for real-time monitoring of the buffering capacity of human skin. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1635-1645. [PMID: 38294529 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
This study demonstrated for the first time that skin surface pH can be monitored in real-time, using a screen-printed wearable pH sensor, to evaluate the buffering capacity of the human skin. The screen-printed pH sensor was composed of a polyaniline-based pH-sensitive electrode and a nitrocellulose membrane-based liquid junction type of Ag/AgCl reference electrode. This sensor showed a reliable and reversible potentiometric response to pH with long-term potential stability. Intermittent monitoring of the buffering capacity of skin surface pH demonstrated the reliability of the proposed wearable pH sensor, which was comparable to that of a commercially available flat-tip pH sensor. We found that contact of the wearable pH sensor with the subject's skin via aqueous electrolyte solutions was necessary for the sensor to continuously monitor the skin surface pH while sustaining the natural buffer capacity of the human skin surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Chiba
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Yutaro Harada
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Polymeric and Organic Materials Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsui
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Polymeric and Organic Materials Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Naoya Ito
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohito Sekine
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Polymeric and Organic Materials Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Nagamine
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan.
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Polymeric and Organic Materials Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jose M, Bezerra Alexandre E, Neumaier L, Rauter L, Vijjapu MT, Muehleisen W, Malik MH, Zikulnig J, Kosel J. Future Thread: Printing Electronics on Fibers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:7996-8005. [PMID: 38310570 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
This article introduces a methodology to increase the integration density of functional electronic features on fibers/threads/wires through additive deposition of functional materials via printed electronics. It opens the possibility to create a multifunctional intelligent system on a single fiber/thread/wire while combining the advantages of existing approaches, i.e., the scalability of coating techniques and the microfeatures of semiconductor-based fabrication. By directly printing on threads (of diameters ranging from 90 to 1000 μm), micropatterned electronic devices and multifunctional electronic systems could be formed. Contact and noncontact printing methods were utilized to create various shapes from serpentines and meanders to planar coils and interdigitated electrodes, as well as complex multilayer structures for thermal and light actuators, humidity, and temperature sensors. We demonstrate the practicality of the method by integrating a multifunctional thread into a FFP mask for breath monitoring. Printing technologies provide virtually unrestricted choices for the types of threads, materials, and devices used. They are scalable via roll-to-roll processes and offer a resource-efficient way to democratize electronics across textile products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Jose
- Silicon Austria Labs GmbH, Europastraße 12, Villach 9524, Austria
| | - Emily Bezerra Alexandre
- Silicon Austria Labs GmbH, Europastraße 12, Villach 9524, Austria
- Bio/CMOS Interfaces Lab, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Neuchâtel CH-2000, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Neumaier
- Silicon Austria Labs GmbH, Europastraße 12, Villach 9524, Austria
| | - Lukas Rauter
- Silicon Austria Labs GmbH, Europastraße 12, Villach 9524, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Johanna Zikulnig
- Silicon Austria Labs GmbH, Europastraße 12, Villach 9524, Austria
- Bio/CMOS Interfaces Lab, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Neuchâtel CH-2000, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Kosel
- Silicon Austria Labs GmbH, Europastraße 12, Villach 9524, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sailapu SK, Liébana S, Merino-Jimenez I, Esquivel JP, Sabaté N. Towards a REASSURED reality: A less-is-more electronic design strategy for self-powered glucose test. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 243:115708. [PMID: 37862757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Sensing strategies adopting minimal electronic systems help in realizing REASSURED diagnostic tests. However, the challenge in developing such strategies escalates with demand in power and electronics during pursuit of reliable and accurate sensing. Herein, we present an electronic design strategy using a smart strip, operating with power generated from 3.5 μL of serum sample, to reveal glucose concentration through a response preserved in a capacitor. Further, by integrating an NFC tag alongside the strip, we devised a self-powered glucose measuring card, mobile-glucocard (or mGlucocard) for retrieving this stored digital response using smartphone, enabling 'connected mobile-health diagnostics'. The response from our device relates linearly to glucose concentration offering a sensitivity of 11.3 mV/mM and good correlation (R = 0.974) with colorimetric reference method. Interestingly, the design strategy uses only four components - two resistors, diode, and capacitor - of simple architecture likely transferable to printed technologies to deliver advanced self-powered sustainable devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Sailapu
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/ Del Til⋅lers, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Susana Liébana
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/ Del Til⋅lers, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Merino-Jimenez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/ Del Til⋅lers, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Esquivel
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/ Del Til⋅lers, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940, Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Neus Sabaté
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/ Del Til⋅lers, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), P.L. Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kikkeri K, Naba FM, Voldman J. Rapid, low-cost fabrication of electronic microfluidics via inkjet-printing and xurography (MINX). Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115499. [PMID: 37473550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics has shown great promise for point-of-care assays due to unique chemical and physical advantages that occur at the micron scale. Furthermore, integration of electrodes into microfluidic systems provides additional capabilities for assay operation and electronic readout. However, while these systems are abundant in biological and biomedical research settings, translation of microfluidic devices with embedded electrodes are limited. In part, this is due to the reliance on expensive, inaccessible, and laborious microfabrication techniques. Although innovative prior work has simplified microfluidic fabrication or inexpensively patterned electrodes, low-cost, accessible, and robust methods to incorporate all these elements are lacking. Here, we present MINX, a low-cost <1 USD and rapid (∼minutes) fabrication technique to manufacture microfluidic device with embedded electrodes. We characterize the structures created using MINX, and then demonstrate the utility of the approach by using MINX to implement an electrochemical bead-based biomarker detection assay. We show that the MINX technique enables the scalable, inexpensive fabrication of microfluidic devices with electronic sensors using widely accessible desktop machines and low-cost materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kruthika Kikkeri
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Feven Moges Naba
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Joel Voldman
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Naderi-Samani E, Razavi RS, Nekouee K, Naderi-Samani H. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles for use in conductive inks by chemical reduction method. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20548. [PMID: 37822640 PMCID: PMC10562916 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the chemical reduction method was applied to synthesize silver nanoparticles used to prepare conductive inks. The two variables of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-stabilized mole in the 0.01-0.03 mol range and hydrazine reducing mole in the 0.1-0.5 mol range, along with constants such as precursor mole (silver nitrate), complexing mole (ethylene diamine) and solvent mole (water), were used. Nine random samples proposed by the Design Expert software were examined and studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were then used to characterize and evaluate the synthesized nanoparticles. According to the results obtained by XRD, FE-SEM and TEM analyses, the sample with 0.025 mol and 0.3 mol PVP had the minimum size of silver nanoparticles, which was around 20 nm, so it was chosen as the optimal sample for further research. The conductive ink was also prepared with the optimal sample of silver nanoparticles in 40% by weight and then characterized and evaluated by applying ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), FE-SEM and electrical conductivity analysis. Finally, conductive ink was applied to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) substrates. The surface electrical resistance of conductive ink on PET and ABS substrates was then measured at about 6.4 Ω and 2.2 Ω, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Naderi-Samani
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Technologies, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Iran
| | - Reza Shoja Razavi
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Technologies, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Iran
| | - Khanali Nekouee
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Technologies, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Iran
| | - Hamed Naderi-Samani
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Technologies, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aymerich J, Ferrer-Vilanova A, Cisneros-Fernández J, Escudé-Pujol R, Guirado G, Terés L, Dei M, Muñoz-Berbel X, Serra-Graells F. Ultrasensitive bacterial sensing using a disposable all-in-one amperometric platform with self-noise cancellation. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 234:115342. [PMID: 37141829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The early detection of very low bacterial concentrations is key to minimize the healthcare and safety issues associated with microbial infections, food poisoning or water pollution. In amperometric integrated circuits for electrochemical sensors, flicker noise is still the main bottleneck to achieve ultrasensitive detection with small footprint, cost-effective and ultra-low power instrumentation. Current strategies rely on autozeroing or chopper stabilization causing negative impacts on chip size and power consumption. This work presents a 27-μW potentiostatic-amperometric Delta-Sigma modulator able to cancel its own flicker noise and provide a 4-fold improvement in the limit of detection. The 2.3-mm2 all-in-one CMOS integrated circuit is glued to an inkjet-printed electrochemical sensor. Measurements show that the limit of detection is 15 pArms, the extended dynamic range reaches 110 dB and linearity is R2 = 0.998. The disposable device is able to detect, in less than 1h, live bacterial concentrations as low as 102 CFU/mL from a 50-μL droplet sample, which is equivalent to 5 microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Aymerich
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM(CSIC), Spain
| | | | | | | | - Gonzalo Guirado
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Terés
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM(CSIC), Spain; Department of Microelectronics and Electronic Systems, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michele Dei
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM(CSIC), Spain; Department of Information Engineering, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Francisco Serra-Graells
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM(CSIC), Spain; Department of Microelectronics and Electronic Systems, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cheung Ma W, Liang Goh G, Meera Priyadarshini B, Yee Yeong W. 3D printing and 3D- printed electronics: Applications and future trends in smart drug delivery devices. Int J Bioprint 2023; 9:725. [PMID: 37323494 PMCID: PMC10261156 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery devices which can control the release of drugs on demand allow for improved treatment to a patient. These smart drug delivery devices allow for the release of drugs to be turned on and off as needed, thereby increasing the control over the drug concentration within the patient. The addition of electronics to the smart drug delivery devices increases the functionality and applications of these devices. Through the use of 3D printing and 3D-printed electronics, the customizability and functions of such devices can also be greatly increased. With the development in such technologies, the applications of the devices will be improved. In this review paper, the application of 3D-printed electronics and 3D printing in smart drug delivery devices with electronics as well as the future trends of such applications are covered.
Collapse
|
9
|
Iversen M, Monisha M, Agarwala S. Flexible, Wearable and Fully-printed Smart Patch for pH and Hydration Sensing in Wounds. Int J Bioprint 2022; 8:447. [PMID: 35187277 PMCID: PMC8852199 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v8i1.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex and dynamic regeneration process, wherein the physical and chemical parameters are continuously changing. Its management and monitoring can provide immense benefits, especially for bed-ridden patients. This work reports a low-cost, flexible, and fully printed on-skin patch sensor to measure the change in pH and fluid content in a wound. Such a bendable sensor can also be easily incorporated in a wound dressing. The sensor consists of different electrodes printed on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate for pH and moisture sensing. The fabricated sensor patch has a sensitivity of 7.1 ohm/pH for wound pH levels. The hydration sensor results showed that moisture levels on a semi-porous surface can be quantified through resistance change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mick Iversen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Finlandsgade 22, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Monisha Monisha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Finlandsgade 22, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Shweta Agarwala
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Finlandsgade 22, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Matavž A, Uršič U, Močivnik J, Richter D, Humar M, Čopar S, Malič B, Bobnar V. From coffee stains to uniform deposits: Significance of the contact-line mobility. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 608:1718-1727. [PMID: 34742086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Contact-line motion upon drying of a sessile droplet strongly affects the solute transport and solvent evaporation profile. Hence, it should have a strong impact on the deposit formation and might be responsible for volcano-like, dome-like and flat deposit morphologies. EXPERIMENTS A method based on a thin-film interference was used to track the drop height profile and contact line motion during the drying. A diverse set of drying scenarios was obtained by using inks with different solvent compositions and by adjusting the substrate wetting properties. The experimental data was compared to the predictions of a phenomenological model. FINDINGS We highlight the essential role of contact-line mobility on the deposit morphology of solution-based inks. A pinned contact line produces exclusively ring-like deposits under normal conditions. On the contrary, drops with a mobile contact line can produce ring-, flat- or dome-like morphology. The developed phenomenological model shows that the deposit morphology depends on solvent evaporation profile, evolution of the drop radius relative to its contact angle, and the ratio between initial and maximal (gelling) solute concentration. These parameters can be adjusted by the ink solvent composition and substrate wetting behaviour, which provides a way for deposition of uniform and flat deposits via inkjet printing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Matavž
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Urša Uršič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jaka Močivnik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dmitry Richter
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Humar
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; CENN Nanocenter, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simon Čopar
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Malič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vid Bobnar
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pajor-Świerzy A, Szczepanowicz K, Kamyshny A, Magdassi S. Metallic core-shell nanoparticles for conductive coatings and printing. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 299:102578. [PMID: 34864597 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The review is focused on bimetallic nanoparticles composed of a core formed by low-cost metal having high electrical conductivity, such as Cu and Ni, and a protective shell composed of stable to oxidation noble metal such as Ag or Au. We present the chemical and physical approaches for synthesis of such particles, as well as the combination of the two, the stability to oxidation of core-shell nanoparticles at various conditions, and the formulation of conductive compositions and their application in conductive coatings and printed electronics.
Collapse
|
12
|
Liang K, Li D, Ren H, Zhao M, Wang H, Ding M, Xu G, Zhao X, Long S, Zhu S, Sheng P, Li W, Lin X, Zhu B. Fully Printed High-Performance n-Type Metal Oxide Thin-Film Transistors Utilizing Coffee-Ring Effect. Nanomicro Lett 2021; 13:164. [PMID: 34342729 PMCID: PMC8333237 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide thin-films transistors (TFTs) produced from solution-based printing techniques can lead to large-area electronics with low cost. However, the performance of current printed devices is inferior to those from vacuum-based methods due to poor film uniformity induced by the "coffee-ring" effect. Here, we report a novel approach to print high-performance indium tin oxide (ITO)-based TFTs and logic inverters by taking advantage of such notorious effect. ITO has high electrical conductivity and is generally used as an electrode material. However, by reducing the film thickness down to nanometers scale, the carrier concentration of ITO can be effectively reduced to enable new applications as active channels in transistors. The ultrathin (~10-nm-thick) ITO film in the center of the coffee-ring worked as semiconducting channels, while the thick ITO ridges (>18-nm-thick) served as the contact electrodes. The fully inkjet-printed ITO TFTs exhibited a high saturation mobility of 34.9 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a low subthreshold swing of 105 mV dec-1. In addition, the devices exhibited excellent electrical stability under positive bias illumination stress (PBIS, ΔVth = 0.31 V) and negative bias illuminaiton stress (NBIS, ΔVth = -0.29 V) after 10,000 s voltage bias tests. More remarkably, fully printed n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) inverter based on ITO TFTs exhibited an extremely high gain of 181 at a low-supply voltage of 3 V, promising for advanced electronics applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liang
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Dingwei Li
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Huihui Ren
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Momo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, China
| | - Mengfan Ding
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Guangwei Xu
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shibing Long
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Siyuan Zhu
- Instrumentation and Service Center for Physical Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Pei Sheng
- Instrumentation and Service Center for Physical Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Bowen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang L, Song T, Shi L, Wen N, Wu Z, Sun C, Jiang D, Guo Z. Recent progress for silver nanowires conducting film for flexible electronics. J Nanostructure Chem 2021; 11:323-341. [PMID: 34367531 PMCID: PMC8325546 DOI: 10.1007/s40097-021-00436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Silver nanowires (AgNWs), as one-dimensional nanometallic materials, have attracted wide attention due to the excellent electrical conductivity, transparency and flexibility, especially in flexible and stretchable electronics. However, the microscopic discontinuities require AgNWs be attached to some carrier for practical applications. Relative to the preparation method, how to integrate AgNWs into the flexible matrix is particularly important. In recent years, plenty of papers have been published on the preparation of conductors based on AgNWs, including printing techniques, coating techniques, vacuum filtration techniques, template-assisted assembly techniques, electrospinning techniques and gelating techniques. The aim of this review is to discuss different assembly method of AgNW-based conducting film and their advantages. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT Conducting films based on silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been reviewed with a focus on their assembly and their advantages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Song
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianxu Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Zijian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Caiying Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Dept Chem Engn, Integrated Composites Lab ICL, University of Tennessee System University of Tennessee Knoxville Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Alizadeh-Meghrazi M, Ying B, Schlums A, Lam E, Eskandarian L, Abbas F, Sidhu G, Mahnam A, Moineau B, Popovic MR. Evaluation of dry textile electrodes for long-term electrocardiographic monitoring. Biomed Eng Online 2021; 20:68. [PMID: 34247646 PMCID: PMC8274056 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-021-00905-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Continuous long-term electrocardiography monitoring has been increasingly recognized for early diagnosis and management of different types of cardiovascular diseases. To find an alternative to Ag/AgCl gel electrodes that are improper for this application scenario, many efforts have been undertaken to develop novel flexible dry textile electrodes integrated into the everyday garments. With significant progresses made to address the potential issues (e.g., low signal-to-noise ratio, high skin–electrode impedance, motion artifact, and low durability), the lack of standard evaluation procedure hinders the further development of dry electrodes (mainly the design and optimization). Results A standard testing procedure and framework for skin–electrode impedance measurement is demonstrated for the development of novel dry textile electrodes. Different representative electrode materials have been screen-printed on textile substrates. To verify the performance of dry textile electrodes, impedance measurements are conducted on an agar skin model using a universal setup with consistent frequency and pressure. In addition, they are demonstrated for ECG signals acquisition, in comparison to those obtained using conventional gel electrodes. Conclusions Dry textile electrodes demonstrated similar impedance when in raised or flat structures. The tested pressure variations had an insignificant impact on electrode impedance. Looking at the effect of impedance on ECG signals, a noticeable effect on ECG signal performance metrics was not observed. Therefore, it is suggested that impedance alone is possibly not the primary indicator of signal quality. As well, the developed methods can also serve as useful guidelines for future textile dry-electrode design and testing for practical ECG monitoring applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12938-021-00905-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Alizadeh-Meghrazi
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON, Canada. .,The Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Myant Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Binbin Ying
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Myant Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alessandra Schlums
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Myant Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Lam
- The Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Myant Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ladan Eskandarian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Myant Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Farhana Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Myant Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gurjant Sidhu
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Myant Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Milos R Popovic
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Haridas D, Yoseph SP, So CR, Whitener KE. Transfer of printed electronic structures using graphene oxide and gelatin enables reversible and biocompatible interface with living cells. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2021; 120:111685. [PMID: 33545847 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We present a low-cost, easy-to-implement platform for printing materials and interfacing them with eukaryotic cells. We show that thermal or chemical reduction of a graphene oxide thin film allows water-assisted delamination of the film from glass or plastic. The chemical and physical properties and permeability of the resulting film are dependent on the method of reduction and deposition of the graphene oxide, with thermal reduction removing more oxidized carbon functionality than chemical reduction. We also developed a method to attach the films onto cell surfaces using a thin layer of gelatin as an adhesive. In general, the films are highly impermeable to nutrients and we observed a significant amount of cell death when gelatin was not used; gelatin enables diffusion of nutrients for sustained cell viability. The combination of nanoscale membranes with a low melting point biopolymer allows us to reversibly interface cells with cargo transferred by graphene oxide while maintaining cell viability. To demonstrate delivery of electronic structures, we modified a commercial off-the-shelf printer to print a silver-based ink directly onto the reduced graphene oxide films which we then transferred to the surface of the cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Haridas
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Saron P Yoseph
- NRL HBCU/MI Summer Intern, Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Christopher R So
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Keith E Whitener
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ichimura Y, Kuritsubo T, Nagamine K, Nomura A, Shitanda I, Tokito S. A fully screen-printed potentiometric chloride ion sensor employing a hydrogel-based touchpad for simple and non-invasive daily electrolyte analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:1883-1891. [PMID: 33479820 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This is the first report demonstrating proof of concept for the passive, non-invasive extraction and in situ potentiometric detection of human sweat chloride ions (Cl- ions) using a stable printed planar liquid-junction reference electrode-integrated hydrogel-based touch-sensor pad without activities such as exercise to induce perspiration, environmental temperature control, or requiring cholinergic drug administration. The sensor pad was composed entirely of a screen-printed bare Ag/AgCl-based chloride ion-selective electrode and a planar liquid-junction Ag/AgCl reference electrode, which were fully covered by an agarose hydrogel in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). When human skin contacted the hydrogel pad, sweat Cl- ions were continuously extracted into the gel, followed by in situ potentiometric detection. The planar liquid-junction Ag/AgCl reference electrode had a polymer-based KCl-saturated inner electrolyte layer to stabilize the potential of the Ag/AgCl electrode even with a substantial change in the chloride ion concentration in the hydrogel pad. We expect this fully screen-printed sensor to achieve the low-cost passive and non-invasive daily monitoring of human Cl- ions in sweat in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ichimura
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Takumi Kuritsubo
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Nagamine
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan.
- Research Center of Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Ayako Nomura
- Research Center of Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Isao Shitanda
- Research Center of Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shizuo Tokito
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan.
- Research Center of Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Williams NX, Carroll B, Noyce SG, Hobbie HA, Joh DY, Rogers JG, Franklin AD. Fully printed prothrombin time sensor for point-of-care testing. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 172:112770. [PMID: 33157410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
With an increasing number of patients relying on blood thinners to treat medical conditions, there is a rising need for rapid, low-cost, portable testing of blood coagulation time or prothrombin time (PT). Current methods for measuring PT require regular visits to outpatient clinics, which is cumbersome and time-consuming, decreasing patient quality of life. In this work, we developed a handheld point-of-care test (POCT) to measure PT using electrical transduction. Low-cost PT sensors were fully printed using an aerosol jet printer and conductive inks of Ag nanoparticles, Ag nanowires, and carbon nanotubes. Using benchtop control electronics to test this impedance-based biosensor, it was found that the capacitive nature of blood obscures the clotting response at frequencies below 10 kHz, leading to an optimized operating frequency of 15 kHz. When printed on polyimide, the PT sensor exhibited no variation in the measured clotting time, even when flexed to a 35 mm bend radius. In addition, consistent PT measurements for both chicken and human blood illustrate the versatility of these printed biosensors under disparate operating conditions, where chicken blood clots within 30 min and anticoagulated human blood clots within 20-100 s. Finally, a low-cost, handheld POCT was developed to measure PT for human blood, yielding 70% lower noise compared to measurement with a commercial potentiostat. This POCT with printed PT sensors has the potential to dramatically improve the quality of life for patients on blood thinners and, in the long term, could be incorporated into a fully flexible and wearable sensing platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas X Williams
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Brittani Carroll
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Steven G Noyce
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Hansel Alex Hobbie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Daniel Y Joh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Joseph G Rogers
- Department of Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Aaron D Franklin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Orrill M, Abele D, Wagner M, LeBlanc S. Ink synthesis and inkjet printing of electrostatically stabilized multilayer graphene nanoshells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 566:454-462. [PMID: 32028207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Most functional inkjet inks are sterically stabilized nanoparticle dispersions that require a post-printing-process to remove stabilizing materials and gain functionality. This post-process limits material selection and increases fabrication time and complexity for printed devices. By optimizing the electrostatic stability of a carbon nanomaterial dispersed in water or ethylene glycol via pH adjustment, a stable and printable ink should be attainable without a steric stabilizing material and hence the post-process may be avoided. EXPERIMENTS The electrostatic stability of multilayer graphene nanoshells (MGNS)-an inexpensive and net carbon-negative nanomaterial-dispersed in water and ethylene glycol was studied by measuring zeta potential as a function of pH and modeling energetic potentials between particles. Requirements for electrical percolation of printed MGNS were analyzed and corroborated with electrical measurements. FINDINGS Electrostatic stability improved with increased zeta potential caused by an increased pH. Ionic strength also increased with pH, causing strong destabilization. By increasing zeta potential while minimizing ionic strength, the maximum solid-loading of MGNS in DI water and ethylene glycol was increased up to 20%. For the MGNS solid-loading achieved here, electrical percolation occurs with 20-30 consecutively printed layers producing a resistivity of 30 Ω-cm. The inexpensive, environmentally-friendly MGNS are a promising material for printed, flexible electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Orrill
- The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW Suite 3000, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Dustin Abele
- The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW Suite 4000, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Michael Wagner
- The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW Suite 4000, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Saniya LeBlanc
- The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW Suite 3000, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tayeb P, H Tayeb A. Nanocellulose applications in sustainable electrochemical and piezoelectric systems: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 224:115149. [PMID: 31472850 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies advocate the use of cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) as a sustainable carbohydrate polymer in numerous innovative electronics for their quintessential features such as flexibility, low thermal expansion and self-/directed assembly within multiphase matrices. Herein, we review the contemporary advances in CN-built electrochemical systems and highlight the constructive effects of these nanoscopic entities once engineered in conductive composites, proton exchange membranes (PEMs), electrochromics, energy storage devices and piezoelectric sensors. The adopted strategies and designs are discussed in view of CN roles as copolymer, electrolyte reservoir, binder and separator. Finally, physiochemical attributes and durability of resulting architectures are compared to conventional materials and the possible challenges/solutions are delineated to realize the promising capabilities. The volume of the up-to-present literature in the field indeed implies to nanocellulose overriding importance and the presented angles perhaps shed more lights on prospect of the biosphere's most dominant biomaterial in the energy-related arena that deserve attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Tayeb
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Ali H Tayeb
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Carvajal S, Fera SN, Jones AL, Baldo TA, Mosa IM, Rusling JF, Krause CE. Disposable inkjet-printed electrochemical platform for detection of clinically relevant HER-2 breast cancer biomarker. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 104:158-162. [PMID: 29331430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly fabricated, disposable sensor platforms hold tremendous promise for point-of-care detection. Here, we present an inexpensive (< $0.25) fully inkjet printed electrochemical sensor with integrated counter, reference, and working electrodes that is easily scalable for commercial fabrication. The electrochemical sensor platform featured an inkjet printed gold working 8-electrode array (WEA) and counter electrode (CE), along with an inkjet -printed silver electrode that was chlorinated with bleach to produce a Ag/AgCl quasi-reference electrode (RE). As proof of concept, the electrochemical sensor was successfully applied for detection of clinically relevant breast cancer biomarker Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER-2). Capture antibodies were bound to a chemically modified surface on the WEA and placed into a microfluidic device. A full sandwich immunoassay was constructed following a simultaneous injection of target protein, biotinylated antibody, and polymerized horseradish peroxide labels into the microfluidic device housing the WEA. With an ultra fast assay time, of only 15mins a clinically relevant limit of detection of 12pgmL-1 was achieved. Excellent reproducibility and sensitivity were observed through recovery assays preformed in human serum with recoveries ranging from 76% to 103%. These easily fabricated and scalable electrochemical sensor platforms can be readily adapted for multiplex detection following this rapid assay protocol for cancer diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanita Carvajal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hartford, Bloomfield Ave., West Hartford, CT 06117, USA
| | - Samantha N Fera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hartford, Bloomfield Ave., West Hartford, CT 06117, USA
| | - Abby L Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Rd., Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Thaisa A Baldo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Islam M Mosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Rd., Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Chemistry, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - James F Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Rd., Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Surgery & Neag Cancer Center, UConn, Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway Ireland, Ireland
| | - Colleen E Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hartford, Bloomfield Ave., West Hartford, CT 06117, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abellán-Llobregat A, Jeerapan I, Bandodkar A, Vidal L, Canals A, Wang J, Morallón E. A stretchable and screen-printed electrochemical sensor for glucose determination in human perspiration. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 91:885-891. [PMID: 28167366 PMCID: PMC5328638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Here we present two types of all-printable, highly stretchable, and inexpensive devices based on platinum (Pt)-decorated graphite for glucose determination in physiological fluids. Said devices are: a non-enzymatic sensor and an enzymatic biosensor, the latter showing promising results. Glucose has been quantified by measuring hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) reduction by chronoamperometry at -0.35V (vs pseudo-Ag/AgCl) using glucose oxidase immobilized on Pt-decorated graphite. The sensor performs well for the quantification of glucose in phosphate buffer solution (0.25M PBS, pH 7.0), with a linear range between 0 mM and 0.9mM, high sensitivity and selectivity, and a low limit of detection (LOD). Thus, it provides an alternative non-invasive and on-body quantification of glucose levels in human perspiration. This biosensor has been successfully applied on real human perspiration samples and results also show a significant correlation between glucose concentration in perspiration and glucose concentration in blood measured by a commercial glucose meter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Abellán-Llobregat
- Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Itthipon Jeerapan
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - A Bandodkar
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - L Vidal
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología and Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - A Canals
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología and Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - J Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - E Morallón
- Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ding J, Liu J, Tian Q, Wu Z, Yao W, Dai Z, Liu L, Wu W. Preparing of Highly Conductive Patterns on Flexible Substrates by Screen Printing of Silver Nanoparticles with Different Size Distribution. Nanoscale Res Lett 2016; 11:412. [PMID: 27644238 PMCID: PMC5028354 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A facile one-step polyol method is employed to synthesize the Ag nanoparticles (NPs) in large scale. The Ag NPs with different average diameter (from 52 to 120 nm) and particle size distribution are prepared by changing the mass ratio of AgNO3 and PVP. Furthermore, the as-obtained Ag NPs are prepared as conductive inks, which could be screen printed on various flexible substrates and formed as conductive patterns after sintering treatment. During the reaction process, PVP is used as the capping reagent for preventing the agglomeration of Ag NPs, and the influence of the mass ratio of AgNO3 and PVP to the size distribution of Ag NPs is investigated. The results of electronic properties reveal that the conductivity of printed patterns is highly dependent on the size distribution of as-obtained Ag NPs. Among all the samples, the optimal conductivity is obtained when the mass ratio of AgNO3 and PVP is 1:0.4. Subsequently, the sintering time and temperature are further investigated for obtaining the best conductivity; the optimal electrical resistivity value of 3.83 μΩ · cm is achieved at 160 °C for 75 min, which is close to the resistivity value of the bulk silver (1.58 μΩ · cm). Significantly, there are many potential advantages in printed electronics applications because of the as-synthesized Ag NPs with a low sintering temperature and low electrical resistivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ding
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Nanomaterials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Wu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Nanomaterials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijing Yao
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Nanomaterials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhigao Dai
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Nanomaterials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Nanomaterials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Nanomaterials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim S, Sojoudi H, Zhao H, Mariappan D, McKinley GH, Gleason KK, Hart AJ. Ultrathin high-resolution flexographic printing using nanoporous stamps. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1601660. [PMID: 27957542 PMCID: PMC5142799 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Since its invention in ancient times, relief printing, commonly called flexography, has been used to mass-produce artifacts ranging from decorative graphics to printed media. Now, higher-resolution flexography is essential to manufacturing low-cost, large-area printed electronics. However, because of contact-mediated liquid instabilities and spreading, the resolution of flexographic printing using elastomeric stamps is limited to tens of micrometers. We introduce engineered nanoporous microstructures, comprising polymer-coated aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs), as a next-generation stamp material. We design and engineer the highly porous microstructures to be wetted by colloidal inks and to transfer a thin layer to a target substrate upon brief contact. We demonstrate printing of diverse micrometer-scale patterns of a variety of functional nanoparticle inks, including Ag, ZnO, WO3, and CdSe/ZnS, onto both rigid and compliant substrates. The printed patterns have highly uniform nanoscale thickness (5 to 50 nm) and match the stamp features with high fidelity (edge roughness, ~0.2 μm). We derive conditions for uniform printing based on nanoscale contact mechanics, characterize printed Ag lines and transparent conductors, and achieve continuous printing at a speed of 0.2 m/s. The latter represents a combination of resolution and throughput that far surpasses industrial printing technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanha Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hossein Sojoudi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hangbo Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dhanushkodi Mariappan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gareth H. McKinley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Karen K. Gleason
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A. John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bandodkar AJ, López CS, Vinu Mohan AM, Yin L, Kumar R, Wang J. All-printed magnetically self-healing electrochemical devices. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1601465. [PMID: 27847875 PMCID: PMC5099985 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The present work demonstrates the synthesis and application of permanent magnetic Nd2Fe14B microparticle (NMP)-loaded graphitic inks for realizing rapidly self-healing inexpensive printed electrochemical devices. The incorporation of NMPs into the printable ink imparts impressive self-healing ability to the printed conducting trace, with rapid (~50 ms) recovery of repeated large (3 mm) damages at the same or different locations without any user intervention or external trigger. The permanent and surrounding-insensitive magnetic properties of the NMPs thus result in long-lasting ability to repair extreme levels of damage, independent of ambient conditions. This remarkable self-healing capability has not been reported for existing man-made self-healing systems and offers distinct advantages over common capsule and intrinsically self-healing systems. The printed system has been characterized by leveraging crystallographic, magnetic hysteresis, microscopic imaging, electrical conductivity, and electrochemical techniques. The real-life applicability of the new self-healing concept is demonstrated for the autonomous repair of all-printed batteries, electrochemical sensors, and wearable textile-based electrical circuits, indicating considerable promise for widespread practical applications and long-lasting printed electronic devices.
Collapse
|
25
|
Bandodkar AJ, Jeerapan I, You JM, Nuñez-Flores R, Wang J. Highly Stretchable Fully-Printed CNT-Based Electrochemical Sensors and Biofuel Cells: Combining Intrinsic and Design-Induced Stretchability. Nano Lett 2016; 16:721-7. [PMID: 26694819 PMCID: PMC4713296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We present the first example of an all-printed, inexpensive, highly stretchable CNT-based electrochemical sensor and biofuel cell array. The synergistic effect of utilizing specially tailored screen printable stretchable inks that combine the attractive electrical and mechanical properties of CNTs with the elastomeric properties of polyurethane as a binder along with a judiciously designed free-standing serpentine pattern enables the printed device to possess two degrees of stretchability. Owing to these synergistic design and nanomaterial-based ink effects, the device withstands extremely large levels of strains (up to 500% strain) with negligible effect on its structural integrity and performance. This represents the highest stretchability offered by a printed device reported to date. Extensive electrochemical characterization of the printed device reveal that repeated stretching, torsional twisting, and indenting stress has negligible impact on its electrochemical properties. The wide-range applicability of this platform to realize highly stretchable CNT-based electrochemical sensors and biofuel cells has been demonstrated by fabricating and characterizing potentiometric ammonium sensor, amperometric enzyme-based glucose sensor, enzymatic glucose biofuel cell, and self-powered biosensor. Highly stretchable printable multianalyte sensor, multifuel biofuel cell, or any combination thereof can thus be realized using the printed CNT array. Such combination of intrinsically stretchable printed nanomaterial-based electrodes and strain-enduring design patterns holds considerable promise for creating an attractive class of inexpensive multifunctional, highly stretchable printed devices that satisfy the requirements of diverse healthcare and energy fields wherein resilience toward extreme mechanical deformations is mandatory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joseph Wang
- ; Fax: +1 (858) 534 9553; Tel: +1 (858) 246 0128
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Aliaga C, Zhang H, Dobon A, Hortal M, Beneventi D. The influence of printed electronics on the recyclability of paper: a case study for smart envelopes in courier and postal services. Waste Manag 2015; 38:41-48. [PMID: 25649917 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyse the effects of the presence of printed electronics on the paper waste streams and specifically on paper recyclability. The analysis is based on a case study focussed on envelopes for postal and courier services provided with these intelligent systems. The smart printed envelope of the study includes a combination of both conventional (thin flexible batteries and resistors) and printed electronic components (conductive track layout based on nanosilver ink). For this purpose, a comparison between envelopes with and without these components (batteries, resistors and conductive track layouts) was carried out through pilot scale paper recycling tests. The generation of rejects during the recycling process as well as the final quality of the recycled paper (mechanical and optical properties) were tested and quantitatively evaluated. The results show that resistors are retained during the screening process in the sieves and consequently they cannot end up in the final screened pulp. Therefore, mechanical and optical properties of the recycled paper are not affected. Nevertheless, inks from the conductive track layouts and batteries were partially dissolved in the process water. These substances were not totally retained in the sieving systems resulting in slight changes in the optical properties of the final recycled paper (variations are 7.2-7.5% in brightness, 8.5-10.7% in whiteness, 1.2-2.2% in L(∗) values, 3.3-3.5% in opacity and 16.1-27% in yellowness). These variations are not in ranges able to cause problems in current paper recycling processes and restrict the use of recycled paper in current applications. Moreover, real impacts on industrial recycling are expected to be even significantly lower since the proportion of paper product with printed circuits in the current paper waste streams are much lower than the ones tested in this work. However, it should be underlined the fact that this situation may change over the next years due to the future developments in printed electronics and the gradual penetration of these types of devices in the market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Aliaga
- Sustainability Division, Packaging, Transport and Logistics Research Centre, C/Albert Einstein 1, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - H Zhang
- Sustainability Division, Packaging, Transport and Logistics Research Centre, C/Albert Einstein 1, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Dobon
- Sustainability Division, Packaging, Transport and Logistics Research Centre, C/Albert Einstein 1, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Hortal
- Sustainability Division, Packaging, Transport and Logistics Research Centre, C/Albert Einstein 1, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - D Beneventi
- Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science, Grenoble INP Pagora, 461, Rue de la Papeterie, F-38400 Saint-Martin d'Hères Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|