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Aymerich J, Ferrer-Vilanova A, Cisneros-Fernández J, Escudé-Pujol R, Guirado G, Terés L, Dei M, Muñoz-Berbel X, Serra-Graells F. Ultrasensitive bacterial sensing using a disposable all-in-one amperometric platform with self-noise cancellation. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 234:115342. [PMID: 37141829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The early detection of very low bacterial concentrations is key to minimize the healthcare and safety issues associated with microbial infections, food poisoning or water pollution. In amperometric integrated circuits for electrochemical sensors, flicker noise is still the main bottleneck to achieve ultrasensitive detection with small footprint, cost-effective and ultra-low power instrumentation. Current strategies rely on autozeroing or chopper stabilization causing negative impacts on chip size and power consumption. This work presents a 27-μW potentiostatic-amperometric Delta-Sigma modulator able to cancel its own flicker noise and provide a 4-fold improvement in the limit of detection. The 2.3-mm2 all-in-one CMOS integrated circuit is glued to an inkjet-printed electrochemical sensor. Measurements show that the limit of detection is 15 pArms, the extended dynamic range reaches 110 dB and linearity is R2 = 0.998. The disposable device is able to detect, in less than 1h, live bacterial concentrations as low as 102 CFU/mL from a 50-μL droplet sample, which is equivalent to 5 microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Aymerich
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM(CSIC), Spain
| | | | | | | | - Gonzalo Guirado
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Terés
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM(CSIC), Spain; Department of Microelectronics and Electronic Systems, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michele Dei
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM(CSIC), Spain; Department of Information Engineering, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Francisco Serra-Graells
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM(CSIC), Spain; Department of Microelectronics and Electronic Systems, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Dietvorst J, Ferrer-Vilanova A, Iyengar SN, Russom A, Vigués N, Mas J, Vilaplana L, Marco MP, Guirado G, Muñoz-Berbel X. Bacteria Detection at a Single-Cell Level through a Cyanotype-Based Photochemical Reaction. Anal Chem 2022; 94:787-792. [PMID: 34931815 PMCID: PMC8771638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The detection of living organisms at very low concentrations is necessary for the early diagnosis of bacterial infections, but it is still challenging as there is a need for signal amplification. Cell culture, nucleic acid amplification, or nanostructure-based signal enhancement are the most common amplification methods, relying on long, tedious, complex, or expensive procedures. Here, we present a cyanotype-based photochemical amplification reaction enabling the detection of low bacterial concentrations up to a single-cell level. Photocatalysis is induced with visible light and requires bacterial metabolism of iron-based compounds to produce Prussian Blue. Bacterial activity is thus detected through the formation of an observable blue precipitate within 3 h of the reaction, which corresponds to the concentration of living organisms. The short time-to-result and simplicity of the reaction are expected to strongly impact the clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Dietvorst
- Instituto
de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193, Spain
- Nanobiotechnology
for diagnostics (Nb4D), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Nanotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC,
CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Amparo Ferrer-Vilanova
- Instituto
de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193, Spain
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Bellaterra
(Barcelona) 08193, Spain
| | - Sharath Narayana Iyengar
- Division
of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for life
laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 17165, Sweden
| | - Aman Russom
- Division
of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for life
laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 17165, Sweden
| | - Núria Vigués
- Departament
of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra
(Barcelona) 08193, Spain
| | - Jordi Mas
- Departament
of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra
(Barcelona) 08193, Spain
| | - Lluïsa Vilaplana
- Nanobiotechnology
for diagnostics (Nb4D), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Nanotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC,
CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
- CIBER
de
Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina
(CIBER-BBN), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Maria-Pilar Marco
- Nanobiotechnology
for diagnostics (Nb4D), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Nanotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC,
CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
- CIBER
de
Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina
(CIBER-BBN), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Guirado
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Bellaterra
(Barcelona) 08193, Spain
| | - Xavier Muñoz-Berbel
- Instituto
de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193, Spain
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3
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Ferrer-Vilanova A, Alonso Y, J Ezenarro J, Santiago S, Muñoz-Berbel X, Guirado G. Electrochromogenic Detection of Live Bacteria Using Soluble and Insoluble Prussian Blue. ACS Omega 2021; 6:30989-30997. [PMID: 34841141 PMCID: PMC8613822 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microbial detection is crucial for the control and prevention of infectious diseases, being one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Among the techniques developed for bacterial detection, those based on metabolic indicators are progressively gaining interest due to their simplicity, adaptability, and, most importantly, their capacity to differentiate between live and dead bacteria. Prussian blue (PB) may act as a metabolic indicator, being reduced by bacterial metabolism, producing a visible color change from blue to colorless. This molecule can be present in two main forms, namely, the soluble and the insoluble, having different properties and structures. In the current work, the bacterial-sensing capacity of soluble and insoluble PB will be tested and compared both in suspensions as PB-NPs and after deposition on transparent indium tin oxide-poly(ethylene terephthalate) (ITO-PET) electrodes. In the presence of live bacteria, PB-NPs are metabolized and completely reduced to the Prussian white state in less than 10 h for soluble and insoluble forms. However, when electrodeposited on ITO-PET substrates, less than 1 h of incubation with bacteria is required for both forms, although the soluble one presents faster metabolic reduction kinetics. This study paves the way to the use of Prussian blue as a metabolic indicator for the early detection of bacterial infection in fields like microbial diagnostics, surface sterilization, food and beverage contamination, and environmental pollution, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Ferrer-Vilanova
- Institut
de Microelectrònica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer dels Til·lers s/n,, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès
(Barcelona), Spain
| | - Yasmine Alonso
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Carrer dels Til·lers s/n, Campus, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Josune J Ezenarro
- Institut
de Microelectrònica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer dels Til·lers s/n,, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès
(Barcelona), Spain
| | - Sara Santiago
- Institut
de Microelectrònica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer dels Til·lers s/n,, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès
(Barcelona), Spain
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Carrer dels Til·lers s/n, Campus, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Xavier Muñoz-Berbel
- Institut
de Microelectrònica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer dels Til·lers s/n,, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès
(Barcelona), Spain
| | - Gonzalo Guirado
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Carrer dels Til·lers s/n, Campus, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain
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Narayana Iyengar S, Dietvorst J, Ferrer-Vilanova A, Guirado G, Muñoz-Berbel X, Russom A. Toward Rapid Detection of Viable Bacteria in Whole Blood for Early Sepsis Diagnostics and Susceptibility Testing. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3357-3366. [PMID: 34410700 PMCID: PMC8477386 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
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Sepsis is a serious
bloodstream infection where the immunity of
the host body is compromised, leading to organ failure and death of
the patient. In early sepsis, the concentration of bacteria is very
low and the time of diagnosis is very critical since mortality increases
exponentially with every hour after infection. Common culture-based
methods fail in fast bacteria determination, while recent rapid diagnostic
methods are expensive and prone to false positives. In this work,
we present a sepsis kit for fast detection of bacteria in whole blood,
here achieved by combining selective cell lysis and a sensitive colorimetric
approach detecting as low as 103 CFU/mL bacteria in less
than 5 h. Homemade selective cell lysis buffer (combination of saponin
and sodium cholate) allows fast processing of whole blood in 5 min
while maintaining bacteria alive (100% viability). After filtration,
retained bacteria on filter paper are incubated under constant illumination
with the electrochromic precursors, i.e., ferricyanide and ferric
ammonium citrate. Viable bacteria metabolically reduce iron(III) complexes,
initiating a photocatalytic cascade toward Prussian blue formation.
As a proof of concept, we combine this method with antibiotic susceptibility
testing to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using
two antibiotics (ampicillin and gentamicin). Although this kit is
used to demonstrate its applicability to sepsis, this approach is
expected to impact other key sectors such as hygiene evaluation, microbial
contaminated food/beverage, or UTI, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharath Narayana Iyengar
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 17165, Sweden
- AIMES - Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 17165, Sweden
| | - Jiri Dietvorst
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Amparo Ferrer-Vilanova
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Guirado
- Department de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Xavier Muñoz-Berbel
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Aman Russom
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 17165, Sweden
- AIMES - Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 17165, Sweden
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5
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Ferrer-Vilanova A, Alonso Y, Dietvorst J, Pérez-Montero M, Rodríguez-Rodríguez R, Ivanova K, Tzanov T, Vigués N, Mas J, Guirado G, Muñoz-Berbel X. Sonochemical coating of Prussian Blue for the production of smart bacterial-sensing hospital textiles. Ultrason Sonochem 2021; 70:105317. [PMID: 32891882 PMCID: PMC7786536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In healthcare facilities, environmental microbes are responsible for numerous infections leading to patient's health complications and even death. The detection of the pathogens present on contaminated surfaces is crucial, although not always possible with current microbial detection technologies requiring sample collection and transfer to the laboratory. Based on a simple sonochemical coating process, smart hospital fabrics with the capacity to detect live bacteria by a simple change of colour are presented here. Prussian Blue nanoparticles (PB-NPs) are sonochemically coated on polyester-cotton textiles in a single-step requiring 15 min. The presence of PB-NPs confers the textile with an intensive blue colour and with bacterial-sensing capacity. Live bacteria in the textile metabolize PB-NPs and reduce them to colourless Prussian White (PW), enabling in situ detection of bacterial presence in less than 6 h with the bare eye (complete colour change requires 40 h). The smart textile is sensitive to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, responsible for most nosocomial infections. The redox reaction is completely reversible and the textile recovers its initial blue colour by re-oxidation with environmental oxygen, enabling its re-use. Due to its simplicity and versatility, the current technology can be employed in different types of materials for control and prevention of microbial infections in hospitals, industries, schools and at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Ferrer-Vilanova
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Carrer dels Til·lers s/n, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Yasmine Alonso
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jiri Dietvorst
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Carrer dels Til·lers s/n, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marta Pérez-Montero
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rosalía Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Kristina Ivanova
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Edifici Gaia, Pg. Ernest Lluch/Rambla Sant Nebridi s/n. 08222, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Tzanko Tzanov
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Edifici Gaia, Pg. Ernest Lluch/Rambla Sant Nebridi s/n. 08222, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Núria Vigués
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Mas
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Guirado
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Muñoz-Berbel
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Carrer dels Til·lers s/n, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
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