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Cao X, Wang C, Yuan D, Chen S, Wang X. The effect of implants loaded with stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth on early osseointegration in a canine model. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:238. [PMID: 35715777 PMCID: PMC9206344 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This in vivo experimental study investigated the effect of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) on early osteogenesis around implants. Methods In four healthy adult male Beagle dogs, the left mandibular received implants and SHED as the experimental group, and the right mandibular received implants and phosphate-buffered saline as the control group. The Beagle dogs were randomly divided into groups A and B, which were sacrificed at 2 and 4 weeks after implantation. Micro-computed tomography and histological analysis were used to investigate the effect of SHED-loading on the early osseointegration around the implants. Results The total bone-to-implant contact (BIC%) and interthread bone improved significantly. The analysis of the bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness showed that the bone trabecula around the implants in the SHEDs group was thicker and denser than that in the control group, suggesting a better osseointegration. Conclusions The application of implants pre-adhered with SHEDs improved and accelerated early osseointegration around the implant, resulting in thicker and denser trabecular bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cao
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dingxiang Yuan
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Su Chen
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Hasanzadeh E, Ebrahimi-Barough S, Mahmoodi N, Mellati A, Nekounam H, Basiri A, Asadpour S, Ghasemi D, Ai J. Defining the role of 17β-estradiol in human endometrial stem cells differentiation into neuron-like cells. Cell Biol Int 2020; 45:140-153. [PMID: 33049079 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Human endometrial stem cells (hEnSCs) that can be differentiated into various neural cell types have been regarded as a suitable cell population for neural tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Considering different interactions between hormones, growth factors, and other factors in the neural system, several differentiation protocols have been proposed to direct hEnSCs towards specific neural cells. The 17β-estradiol plays important roles in the processes of development, maturation, and function of nervous system. In the present research, the impact of 17β-estradiol (estrogen, E2) on the neural differentiation of hEnSCs was examined for the first time, based on the expression levels of neural genes and proteins. In this regard, hEnSCs were differentiated into neuron-like cells after exposure to retinoic acid (RA), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and also fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) in the absence or presence of 17β-estradiol. The majority of cells showed a multipolar morphology. In all groups, the expression levels of nestin, Tuj-1 and NF-H (neurofilament heavy polypeptide) (as neural-specific markers) increased during 14 days. According to the outcomes of immunofluorescence (IF) and real-time PCR analyses, the neuron-specific markers were more expressed in the estrogen-treated groups, in comparison with the estrogen-free ones. These findings suggest that 17β-estradiol along with other growth factors can stimulate and upregulate the expression of neural markers during the neuronal differentiation of hEnSCs. Moreover, our findings confirm that hEnSCs can be an appropriate cell source for cell therapy of neurodegenerative diseases and neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hasanzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Immunogenetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ebrahimi-Barough
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Mahmoodi
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Mellati
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Houra Nekounam
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arefeh Basiri
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shiva Asadpour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Diba Ghasemi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Stem cell/cellular interventions in human spinal cord injury: Is it time to move from guidelines to regulations and legislations? Literature review and Spinal Cord Society position statement. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2019; 28:1837-1845. [PMID: 31098715 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-019-06003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In preclinical studies, many stem cell/cellular interventions demonstrated robust regeneration and/or repair in case of SCI and were considered a promising therapeutic candidate. However, data from clinical studies are not robust. Despite lack of substantial evidence for the efficacy of these interventions in spinal cord injury (SCI), many clinics around the world offer them as "therapy." These "clinics" claim efficacy through patient testimonials and self-advertisement without any scientific evidence to validate their claims. Thus, SCS established a panel of experts to review published preclinical studies, clinical studies and current global guidelines/regulations on usage of cellular transplants and make recommendations for their clinical use. METHODS The literature review and draft position statement was compiled and circulated among the panel and relevant suggestions incorporated to reach consensus. This was discussed and finalized in an open forum during the SCS Annual Meeting, ISSICON. RESULTS Preclinical evidence suggests safety and clinical potency of cellular interventions after SCI. However, evidence from clinical studies consisted of mostly case reports or uncontrolled case series/studies. Data from animal studies cannot be generalized to human SCI with regard to toxicity prediction after auto/allograft transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Currently, cellular/stem cell transplantation for human SCI is experimental and needs to be tested through a valid clinical trial program. It is not ethical to provide unproven transplantation as therapy with commercial implications. To stop the malpractice of marketing such "unproven therapies" to a vulnerable population, it is crucial that all countries unite to form common, well-defined regulations/legislation on their use in SCI. These slides can be retrieved from Electronic Supplementary Material.
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Pedram MS, Dehghan MM, Shojaee M, Fekrazad R, Sharifi D, Farzan A, Ghasemi S, AliMohammad Kalhori K. Therapeutic effects of simultaneous Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and Meloxicam administration on experimental acute spinal cord injury: Rat animal model. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 189:49-54. [PMID: 30312920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Application of Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and meloxicam in acute spinal cord injury, functional recovery and histological evaluation. OBJECTIVE Evaluation of the effect of simultaneous PBMT and meloxicam on treatment of acute experimental spinal cord injury and comparing it with the effect of application of each of them separately. SETTING The study was conducted at the Department of Surgery & Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. METHODS Twenty four rats were used in this study. A compression injury was induced to the T8-T9 segment of the spinal cord of rats using a Fogarty embolectomy catheter. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups including: Control group, PBMT (810 nm-200 mw-8 s-2 weeks) group, Meloxicam (1 mg/kg) group, and PBMT and Meloxicam (mixed) group. After inducing injury, hind limb performance of the rats was evaluated, using BBB test and then treatment intervention was performed and continued for 2 weeks. RESULTS Four weeks after injury induction, BBB test results were significantly higher in all treatment groups in comparison to control group, however, there were no significant differences among the treatment groups. In addition, histological findings revealed no significant difference between all 4 study groups. CONCLUSION According to the results of this study we can conclude that simultaneous and separate application of PBMT and Meloxicam play an effective role in treatment of acute spinal cord injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Sepehr Pedram
- Department of Surgery & Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Dehghan
- Department of Surgery & Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Shojaee
- Department of Surgery & Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty - Laser research center in medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences & International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Sharifi
- Department of Surgery & Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Farzan
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Density, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Setareh Ghasemi
- Department of Surgery & Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoun AliMohammad Kalhori
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental Faculty, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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New Approach for Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Toward Chondrocyte Cells With Overexpression of MicroRNA-140. ASAIO J 2018; 64:662-672. [DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Current Status of Canine Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Veterinary Medicine. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8329174. [PMID: 30123294 PMCID: PMC6079340 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8329174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has prompted the expansion of veterinary medicine both experimentally and clinically, with the potential to contribute to contemporary treatment strategies for various diseases and conditions for which limited or no therapeutic options are presently available. Although the application of various types of stem cells, such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs), and umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs), has promising potential to improve the health of different species, it is crucial that the benefits and drawbacks are completely evaluated before use. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a rich source of stem cells; nonetheless, isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from UCB presents technical challenges. Although MSCs have been isolated from UCB of diverse species such as human, equine, sheep, goat, and canine, there are inherent limitations of using UCB from these species for the expansion of MSCs. In this review, we investigated canine UCB (cUCB) and compared it with UCB from other species by reviewing recent articles published from February 2003 to June 2017 to gain an understanding of the limitations of cUCB in the acquisition of MSCs and to determine other suitable sources for the isolation of MSCs from canine. Our review indicates that cUCB is not an ideal source of MSCs because of insufficient volume and ethical issues. However, canine reproductive organs discarded during neutering may help broaden our understanding of effective isolation of MSCs. We recommend exploring canine reproductive and adipose tissue rather than UCB to fulfill the current need in veterinary medicine for the well-designed and ethically approved source of MSCs.
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Yang C, Wang G, Ma F, Yu B, Chen F, Yang J, Feng J, Wang Q. Repeated injections of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly promotes functional recovery in rabbits with spinal cord injury of two noncontinuous segments. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:136. [PMID: 29751769 PMCID: PMC5948759 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are sustained by an increasing number of patients each year worldwide. The treatment of SCIs has long been a hard nut to crack for doctors around the world. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown benefits for the repair of SCI and recovery of function. Our present study aims to investigate the effects of intravenously infused human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (hUCB-MSCs) on functional recovery after subacute spinal cord compression injury of two noncontinuous segments. In addition, we compared the effects of single infusion and repeated intravenous (i.v.) injections on the recovery of spinal cord function. Methods A total of 43 adult rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: control, single injection (SI), repeated injection at a 3-day (3RI) or repeated injection at a 7-day interval (7RI) groups. Non-immunosuppressed rabbits in the transplantation groups were infused with either a single complete dose or three divided doses of 2 × 106 hUCB-MSCs (3-day or 7-day intervals) on the first day post decompression. Behavioural scores and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were used to evaluate hindlimb functional recovery. The survival and differentiation of the transplanted human cells and the activation of the host glial and inflammatory reaction in the injured spinal cord were studied by immunohistochemical staining. Results Our results showed that hUCB-MSCs survived, proliferated, and primarily differentiated into oligodendrocytes in the injured area. Treatment with hUCB-MSCs reduced the extent of astrocytic activation, increased axonal preservation, potentially promoted axonal regeneration, decreased the number of Iba-1+ and TUNEL+ cells, increased the amplitude and decreased the onset latency of SEPs and significantly promoted functional improvement. However, these effects were more pronounced in the 3RI group compared with the SI and 7RI groups. Conclusions Our results suggest that treatment with i.v. injected hUCB-MSCs after subacute spinal cord compression injury of two noncontinuous segments can promote functional recovery through the differentiation of hUCB-MSCs into specific cell types and the enhancement of anti-inflammatory, anti-astrogliosis, anti-apoptotic and axonal preservation effects. Furthermore, the recovery was more pronounced in the rabbits repeatedly injected with cells at 3-day intervals. The results of this study may provide a novel and useful treatment strategy for the transplantation treatment of SCI. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0879-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang Area, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Gaoju Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang Area, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fenfen Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Baoqing Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Fancheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang Area, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianjun Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201399, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang Area, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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Li J, Guo W, Xiong M, Zhang S, Han H, Chen J, Mao D, Yu H, Zeng Y. Erythropoietin facilitates the recruitment of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to sites of spinal cord injury. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:1806-1812. [PMID: 28565771 PMCID: PMC5443180 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the successes of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation for the treatment of spinal cord injuries, only a small fraction of grafted cells migrate to the target areas. Therefore, there remains a need for more efficient strategies of BMSC delivery. The present study was designed to explore this. Rat models of spinal cord injury (SCI) were established and exposed to phosphate buffered saline (control), BMSCs or BMSCs + erythropoietin (EPO). Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor scale and grid walk tests were then utilized to estimate neurological rehabilitation. Additionally, the following assays were performed: Immunofluorescence localization of BMSCs to the site of SCI; the transwell migration assay to detect in vitro cellular migration; the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay to determine the apoptotic index of the lesion; and western blotting analysis to evaluate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) at the site of SCI. The BBB scores of the BMSC + EPO treated group were significantly increased compared with the BMSC treatment group (P<0.05). For example, BMSC + EPO treated rats had a significantly decreased number of hind limb slips compared with the BMSC treatment group (P<0.05). Furthermore, EPO significantly increased the migration capacity of BMSCs compared with the control group (P<0.001). In addition, the apoptotic index of the BMSC + EPO group was significantly decreased compared with the BMSC group (P<0.05). Green fluorescent protein-labeled BMSCs were detected at the site of SCI in the BMSC and BMSCs + EPO groups, with the signal being notably stronger in the latter. Moreover, the expression of VEGF and BDNF in the BMSCs + EPO group was significantly increased compared with the BMSC group (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that EPO can facilitate the recruitment of BMSCs to sites of SCI, increase expression of BDNF and VEGF, and accelerate recovery of neurological function following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Weichun Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Min Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongfeng General Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442008, P.R. China
| | - Shuangjie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Heng Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongfeng General Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442008, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongfeng General Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442008, P.R. China
| | - Dan Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongfeng General Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442008, P.R. China
| | - Hualong Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongfeng General Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442008, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongfeng General Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442008, P.R. China
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Yang C, Yu B, Ma F, Lu H, Huang J, You Q, Yu B, Qiao J, Feng J. What is the optimal sequence of decompression for multilevel noncontinuous spinal cord compression injuries in rabbits? BMC Neurol 2017; 17:44. [PMID: 28231826 PMCID: PMC5324218 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-017-0824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, multilevel spinal cord injuries (SCIs) have gained a substantial amount of attention from clinicians and researchers. Multilevel noncontinuous SCI patients cannot undergo the multiple steps of a one-stage operation because of a poor general condition or a lack of proper surgical approaches. The surgeon subsequently faces the decision of whether to initially relieve the rostral or caudal compression. In this study, we established a spinal cord compression model involving two noncontinuous segments in rabbits to evaluate the effects of differences in decompression order on the functional recovery of the spinal cord. Methods A Fogarty catheter was inserted into the epidural space through a hole in T6-7 and advanced 3 cm rostrally or caudally. Following successful model establishment, which was demonstrated by an evaluation of evoked potentials, balloons of different volumes (40 μl or 50 μl) were inflated in the experimental groups, whereas no balloons were inflated in the control group. The experimental groups underwent the first decompression in the rostral or caudal area at 1 week post-injury; the second decompression was performed at 2 weeks post-injury. For 6 weeks post-injury, the animals were tested to determine behavioral scores, somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and radiographic imaging changes; histological and apoptosis assay results were subsequently analyzed. Results The behavioral test results and onset latency of the SEPs indicated that there were significant differences between priority rostral decompression (PRD) and priority caudal decompression (PCD) in the 50-μl compression group at 6 weeks post-injury; however, there were no significant differences between the two procedures in the 40-μl group at the same time point. Moreover, there were no significant peak-to-peak amplitude differences between the two procedures in the 50-μl compression group. Conclusions The findings of this study suggested that preferential rostral decompression was more beneficial than priority caudal decompression with respect to facilitating spinal cord functional recovery in rabbits with severe paraplegia and may provide clinicians with a reference for the clinical treatment of multiple-segment spinal cord compression injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Baoqing Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Fenfen Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Huiping Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Jianmin Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Qinghua You
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Jianlan Qiao
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Jianjun Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China.
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Choi YS, Park YB, Ha CW, Kim JA, Heo JC, Han WJ, Oh SY, Choi SJ. Different characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from different layers of full term placenta. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172642. [PMID: 28225815 PMCID: PMC5321410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The placenta is a very attractive source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for regenerative medicine due to readily availability, non-invasive acquisition, and avoidance of ethical issues. Isolating MSCs from parts of placenta tissue has obtained growing interest because they are assumed to exhibit different proliferation and differentiation potentials due to complex structures and functions of the placenta. The objective of this study was to isolate MSCs from different parts of the placenta and compare their characteristics. Methods Placenta was divided into amniotic epithelium (AE), amniotic membrane (AM), chorionic membrane (CM), chorionic villi (CV), chorionic trophoblast without villi (CT-V), decidua (DC), and whole placenta (Pla). Cells isolated from each layer were subjected to analyses for their morphology, proliferation ability, surface markers, and multi-lineage differentiation potential. MSCs were isolated from all placental layers and their characteristics were compared. Findings Surface antigen phenotype, morphology, and differentiation characteristics of cells from all layers indicated that they exhibited properties of MSCs. MSCs from different placental layers had different proliferation rates and differentiation potentials. MSCs from CM, CT-V, CV, and DC had better population doubling time and multi-lineage differentiation potentials compared to those from other layers. Conclusions Our results indicate that MSCs with different characteristics can be isolated from all layers of term placenta. These finding suggest that it is necessary to appropriately select MSCs from different placental layers for successful and consistent outcomes in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Shin Choi
- Department of Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul-Won Ha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Jin A Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Heo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo-Young Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suk-Joo Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Madhu V, Dighe AS, Cui Q, Deal DN. Dual Inhibition of Activin/Nodal/TGF-β and BMP Signaling Pathways by SB431542 and Dorsomorphin Induces Neuronal Differentiation of Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:1035374. [PMID: 26798350 PMCID: PMC4699250 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1035374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to the nervous system can cause devastating diseases or musculoskeletal dysfunctions and transplantation of progenitor stem cells can be an excellent treatment option in this regard. Preclinical studies demonstrate that untreated stem cells, unlike stem cells activated to differentiate into neuronal lineage, do not survive in the neuronal tissues. Conventional methods of inducing neuronal differentiation of stem cells are complex and expensive. We therefore sought to determine if a simple, one-step, and cost effective method, previously reported to induce neuronal differentiation of embryonic stem cells and induced-pluripotent stem cells, can be applied to adult stem cells. Indeed, dual inhibition of activin/nodal/TGF-β and BMP pathways using SB431542 and dorsomorphin, respectively, induced neuronal differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) as evidenced by formation of neurite extensions, protein expression of neuron-specific gamma enolase, and mRNA expression of neuron-specific transcription factors Sox1 and Pax6 and matured neuronal marker NF200. This process correlated with enhanced phosphorylation of p38, Erk1/2, PI3K, and Akt1/3. Additionally, in vitro subcutaneous implants of SB431542 and dorsomorphin treated hADSCs displayed significantly higher expression of active-axonal-growth-specific marker GAP43. Our data offers novel insights into cell-based therapies for the nervous system repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedavathi Madhu
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Abhijit S. Dighe
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Quanjun Cui
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - D. Nicole Deal
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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12
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Yang W, Lee S, Yoon J, Lee JI. Stem cell therapy status in veterinary medicine. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-014-0426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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13
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Sabapathy V, Tharion G, Kumar S. Cell Therapy Augments Functional Recovery Subsequent to Spinal Cord Injury under Experimental Conditions. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:132172. [PMID: 26240569 PMCID: PMC4512598 DOI: 10.1155/2015/132172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The spinal cord injury leads to enervation of normal tissue homeostasis ultimately leading to paralysis. Until now there is no proper cure for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Recently, cell therapy in animal spinal cord injury models has shown some progress of recovery. At present, clinical trials are under progress to evaluate the efficacy of cell transplantation for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Different types of cells such as pluripotent stem cells derived neural cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, neural stem cells, glial cells are being tested in various spinal cord injury models. In this review we highlight both the advances and lacuna in the field of spinal cord injury by discussing epidemiology, pathophysiology, molecular mechanism, and various cell therapy strategies employed in preclinical and clinical injury models and finally we discuss the limitations and ethical issues involved in cell therapy approach for treating spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Sabapathy
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Bagayam, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632002, India
| | - George Tharion
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632002, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Bagayam, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632002, India
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Ham O, Lee CY, Kim R, Lee J, Oh S, Lee MY, Kim J, Hwang KC, Maeng LS, Chang W. Therapeutic Potential of Differentiated Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:14961-78. [PMID: 26147426 PMCID: PMC4519882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160714961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible degenerative joint disease. Conventional OA treatments often result in complications such as pain and limited activity. However, transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has several beneficial effects such as paracrine effects, anti-inflammatory activity, and immunomodulatory capacity. In addition, MSCs can be differentiated into several cell types, including chondrocytes, osteocytes, endothelia, and adipocytes. Thus, transplantation of MSCs is a suggested therapeutic tool for treatment of OA. However, transplanted naïve MSCs can cause problems such as heterogeneous populations including differentiated MSCs and undifferentiated cells. To overcome this problem, new strategies for inducing differentiation of MSCs are needed. One possibility is the application of microRNA (miRNA) and small molecules, which regulate multiple molecular pathways and cellular processes such as differentiation. Here, we provide insight into possible strategies for cartilage regeneration by transplantation of differentiated MSCs to treat OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onju Ham
- Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon 404-834, Korea.
| | - Chang Youn Lee
- Department of Integrated Omics for Biomedical Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodamun-gu, Seoul 120-759, Korea.
| | - Ran Kim
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
| | - Sekyung Oh
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Min Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Korea.
| | - Ki-Chul Hwang
- Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon 404-834, Korea.
| | - Lee-So Maeng
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, the Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Incheon 403-720, Korea.
| | - Woochul Chang
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
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15
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Siddiqui AM, Khazaei M, Fehlings MG. Translating mechanisms of neuroprotection, regeneration, and repair to treatment of spinal cord injury. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2015; 218:15-54. [PMID: 25890131 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the big challenges in neuroscience that remains to be understood is why the central nervous system is not able to regenerate to the extent that the peripheral nervous system does. This is especially problematic after traumatic injuries, like spinal cord injury (SCI), since the lack of regeneration leads to lifelong deficits and paralysis. Treatment of SCI has improved during the last several decades due to standardized protocols for emergency medical response teams and improved medical, surgical, and rehabilitative treatments. However, SCI continues to result in profound impairments for the individual. There are many processes that lead to the pathophysiology of SCI, such as ischemia, vascular disruption, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, demyelination, and cell death. Current treatments include surgical decompression, hemodynamic control, and methylprednisolone. However, these early treatments are associated with modest functional recovery. Some treatments currently being investigated for use in SCI target neuroprotective (riluzole, minocycline, G-CSF, FGF-2, and polyethylene glycol) or neuroregenerative (chondroitinase ABC, self-assembling peptides, and rho inhibition) strategies, while many cell therapies (embryonic stem cells, neural stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, Schwann cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, and macrophages) have also shown promise. However, since SCI has multiple factors that determine the progress of the injury, a combinatorial therapeutic approach will most likely be required for the most effective treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahad M Siddiqui
- Department of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohamad Khazaei
- Department of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Department of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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16
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Yin YM, Lu Y, Zhang LX, Zhang GP, Zhang ZQ. Bone marrow stromal cells transplantation combined with ultrashortwave therapy promotes functional recovery on spinal cord injury in rats. Synapse 2015; 69:139-47. [PMID: 25600592 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Li-Xin Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Guang-Ping Zhang
- Department of Stomatology; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning China
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Abstract
Stem cell-based interventions aim to use special regenerative cells (stem cells) to facilitate neuronal function beyond the site of the injury. Many studies involving animal models of spinal cord injury (SCI) suggest that certain stem cell-based therapies may restore function after SCI. Currently, in case of spinal cord injuries, new discoveries with clinical implications have been continuously made in basic stem cell research, and stem cell-based approaches are advancing rapidly toward application in patients. There is a huge base of preclinical evidence in vitro and in animal models which suggests the safety and clinical efficacy of cellular therapies after SCI. Despite this, data from clinical studies is not very encouraging and at times confounding. Here, we have attempted to cover preclinical and clinical evidence base dealing with safety, feasibility and efficacy of cell based interventions after SCI. The limitations of preclinical data and the reasons underlying its failure to translate in a clinical setting are also discussed. Based on the evidence base, it is suggested that a multifactorial approach is required to address this situation. Need for standardized, stringently designed multi-centric clinical trials for obtaining validated proof of evidence is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvinder Singh Chhabra
- Spine Service, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Harvinder Singh Chhabra, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, Sector C, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi - 110 070, India. E-mail:
| | - Kanchan Sarda
- Spine Service, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
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18
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Abdanipour A, Tiraihi T, Taheri T. Intraspinal transplantation of motoneuron-like cell combined with delivery of polymer-based glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for repair of spinal cord contusion injury. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1003-13. [PMID: 25206752 PMCID: PMC4146307 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.133159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor transplantation combined with adipose-derived stem cells-transdifferentiated motoneuron delivery on spinal cord contusion injury, we developed rat models of spinal cord contusion injury, 7 days later, injected adipose-derived stem cells-transdifferentiated motoneurons into the epicenter, rostral and caudal regions of the impact site and simultaneously transplanted glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-gelfoam complex into the myelin sheath. Motoneuron-like cell transplantation combined with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor delivery reduced cavity formations and increased cell density in the transplantation site. The combined therapy exhibited superior promoting effects on recovery of motor function to transplantation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, adipose-derived stem cells or motoneurons alone. These findings suggest that motoneuron-like cell transplantation combined with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor delivery holds a great promise for repair of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Abdanipour
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center at Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taki Tiraihi
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center at Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taher Taheri
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center at Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
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19
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The Secretome of Bone Marrow and Wharton Jelly Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induces Differentiation and Neurite Outgrowth in SH-SY5Y Cells. Stem Cells Int 2014; 2014:438352. [PMID: 25132857 PMCID: PMC4124228 DOI: 10.1155/2014/438352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine and compare the effects of the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from human bone-marrow (BMSCs) and the Wharton jelly surrounding the vein and arteries of the umbilical cord (human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs)) on the survival and differentiation of a human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y). For this purpose, SH-SY5Y cells were differentiated with conditioned media (CM) from the MSCs populations referred above. Retinoic acid cultured cells were used as control for neuronal differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells viability assessment revealed that the secretome of BMSCs and HUCPVCs, in the form of CM, was able to induce their survival. Moreover, immunocytochemical experiments showed that CM from both MSCs was capable of inducing neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. Finally, neurite lengths assessment and quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis demonstrated that CM from BMSCs and HUCPVCs differently induced neurite outgrowth and mRNA levels of neuronal markers exhibited by SH-SY5Y cells. Overall, our results show that the secretome of both BMSCs and HUCPVCs was capable of supporting SH-SY5Y cells survival and promoting their differentiation towards a neuronal phenotype.
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20
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Menezes K, Nascimento MA, Gonçalves JP, Cruz AS, Lopes DV, Curzio B, Bonamino M, de Menezes JRL, Borojevic R, Rossi MID, Coelho-Sampaio T. Human mesenchymal cells from adipose tissue deposit laminin and promote regeneration of injured spinal cord in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96020. [PMID: 24830794 PMCID: PMC4022508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is a promising strategy to pursue the unmet need for treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). Although several studies have shown that adult mesenchymal cells contribute to improve the outcomes of SCI, a description of the pro-regenerative events triggered by these cells is still lacking. Here we investigated the regenerative properties of human adipose tissue derived stromal cells (hADSCs) in a rat model of spinal cord compression. Cells were delivered directly into the spinal parenchyma immediately after injury. Human ADSCs promoted functional recovery, tissue preservation, and axonal regeneration. Analysis of the cord tissue showed an abundant deposition of laminin of human origin at the lesion site and spinal midline; the appearance of cell clusters composed of neural precursors in the areas of laminin deposition, and the appearance of blood vessels with separated basement membranes along the spinal axis. These effects were also observed after injection of hADSCs into non-injured spinal cord. Considering that laminin is a well-known inducer of axonal growth, as well a component of the extracellular matrix associated to neural progenitors, we propose that it can be the paracrine factor mediating the pro-regenerative effects of hADSCs in spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Menezes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Assis Nascimento
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pena Gonçalves
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva Cruz
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daiana Vieira Lopes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca Curzio
- National Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martin Bonamino
- National Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Isabel Doria Rossi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Coelho-Sampaio
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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21
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Yao W, Guan M, Jia J, Dai W, Lay YAE, Amugongo S, Liu R, Olivos D, Saunders M, Lam KS, Nolta J, Olvera D, Ritchie RO, Lane NE. Reversing bone loss by directing mesenchymal stem cells to bone. Stem Cells 2014; 31:2003-14. [PMID: 23818248 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bone regeneration by systemic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is problematic due to the inability to control the MSCs' commitment, growth, and differentiation into functional osteoblasts on the bone surface. Our research group has developed a method to direct the MSCs to the bone surface by conjugating a synthetic peptidomimetic ligand (LLP2A) that has high affinity for activated α4β1 integrin on the MSC surface, with a bisphosphonates (alendronate) that has high affinity for bone (LLP2A-Ale), to direct the transplanted MSCs to bone. Our in vitro experiments demonstrated that mobilization of LLP2A-Ale to hydroxyapatite accelerated MSC migration that was associated with an increase in the phosphorylation of Akt kinase and osteoblastogenesis. LLP2A-Ale increased the homing of the transplanted MSCs to bone as well as the osteoblast surface, significantly increased the rate of bone formation and restored both trabecular and cortical bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency or advanced age in mice. These results support LLP2A-Ale as a novel therapeutic option to direct the transplanted MSCs to bone for the treatment of established bone loss related to hormone deficiency and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
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Martinez AMB, Goulart CDO, Ramalho BDS, Oliveira JT, Almeida FM. Neurotrauma and mesenchymal stem cells treatment: From experimental studies to clinical trials. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:179-94. [PMID: 24772245 PMCID: PMC3999776 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i2.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has attracted the attention of scientists and clinicians around the world. Basic and pre-clinical experimental studies have highlighted the positive effects of MSC treatment after spinal cord and peripheral nerve injury. These effects are believed to be due to their ability to differentiate into other cell lineages, modulate inflammatory and immunomodulatory responses, reduce cell apoptosis, secrete several neurotrophic factors and respond to tissue injury, among others. There are many pre-clinical studies on MSC treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI) and peripheral nerve injuries. However, the same is not true for clinical trials, particularly those concerned with nerve trauma, indicating the necessity of more well-constructed studies showing the benefits that cell therapy can provide for individuals suffering the consequences of nerve lesions. As for clinical trials for SCI treatment the results obtained so far are not as beneficial as those described in experimental studies. For these reasons basic and pre-clinical studies dealing with MSC therapy should emphasize the standardization of protocols that could be translated to the clinical set with consistent and positive outcomes. This review is based on pre-clinical studies and clinical trials available in the literature from 2010 until now. At the time of writing this article there were 43 and 36 pre-clinical and 19 and 1 clinical trials on injured spinal cord and peripheral nerves, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Blanco Martinez
- Ana Maria Blanco Martinez, Camila de Oliveira Goulart, Bruna dos Santos Ramalho, Júlia Teixeira Oliveira, Fernanda Martins Almeida, Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Repair, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Health Science Center, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila de Oliveira Goulart
- Ana Maria Blanco Martinez, Camila de Oliveira Goulart, Bruna dos Santos Ramalho, Júlia Teixeira Oliveira, Fernanda Martins Almeida, Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Repair, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Health Science Center, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Dos Santos Ramalho
- Ana Maria Blanco Martinez, Camila de Oliveira Goulart, Bruna dos Santos Ramalho, Júlia Teixeira Oliveira, Fernanda Martins Almeida, Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Repair, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Health Science Center, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Júlia Teixeira Oliveira
- Ana Maria Blanco Martinez, Camila de Oliveira Goulart, Bruna dos Santos Ramalho, Júlia Teixeira Oliveira, Fernanda Martins Almeida, Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Repair, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Health Science Center, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Martins Almeida
- Ana Maria Blanco Martinez, Camila de Oliveira Goulart, Bruna dos Santos Ramalho, Júlia Teixeira Oliveira, Fernanda Martins Almeida, Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Repair, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Health Science Center, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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23
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Amr SM, Gouda A, Koptan WT, Galal AA, Abdel-Fattah DS, Rashed LA, Atta HM, Abdel-Aziz MT. Bridging defects in chronic spinal cord injury using peripheral nerve grafts combined with a chitosan-laminin scaffold and enhancing regeneration through them by co-transplantation with bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: case series of 14 patients. J Spinal Cord Med 2014; 37:54-71. [PMID: 24090088 PMCID: PMC4066552 DOI: 10.1179/2045772312y.0000000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of bridging defects in chronic spinal cord injury using peripheral nerve grafts combined with a chitosan-laminin scaffold and enhancing regeneration through them by co-transplantation with bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS In 14 patients with chronic paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury, cord defects were grafted and stem cells injected into the whole construct and contained using a chitosan-laminin paste. Patients were evaluated using the International Standards for Classification of Spinal Cord Injuries. RESULTS Chitosan disintegration leading to post-operative seroma formation was a complication. Motor level improved four levels in 2 cases and two levels in 12 cases. Sensory-level improved six levels in two cases, five levels in five cases, four levels in three cases, and three levels in four cases. A four-level neurological improvement was recorded in 2 cases and a two-level neurological improvement occurred in 12 cases. The American Spinal Impairment Association (ASIA) impairment scale improved from A to C in 12 cases and from A to B in 2 cases. Although motor power improvement was recorded in the abdominal muscles (2 grades), hip flexors (3 grades), hip adductors (3 grades), knee extensors (2-3 grades), ankle dorsiflexors (1-2 grades), long toe extensors (1-2 grades), and plantar flexors (0-2 grades), this improvement was too low to enable them to stand erect and hold their knees extended while walking unaided. CONCLUSION Mesenchymal stem cell-derived neural stem cell-like cell transplantation enhances recovery in chronic spinal cord injuries with defects bridged by sural nerve grafts combined with a chitosan-laminin scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif M. Amr
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Gouda
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Al-Helal Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wael T. Koptan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmad A. Galal
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Laila A. Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hazem M. Atta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Yang H, Xie Z, Wei L, Yang H, Yang S, Zhu Z, Wang P, Zhao C, Bi J. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived neuron-like cells rescue memory deficits and reduce amyloid-beta deposition in an AβPP/PS1 transgenic mouse model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:76. [PMID: 23826983 PMCID: PMC3854736 DOI: 10.1186/scrt227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cell therapy is a potential therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer disease (AD). Neuronal differentiation of stem cells before transplantation is a promising procedure for cell therapy. However, the therapeutic impact and mechanisms of action of neuron-like cells differentiated from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in AD have not been determined. Methods In this study, we used tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate (D609) to induce human mesenchymal stem cells isolated from Wharton jelly of the umbilical cord (HUMSCs) to differentiate into neuron-like cells (HUMSC-NCs), and transplanted the HUMSC-NCs into an AβPP/PS1 transgenic AD mouse model. The effects of HUMSC-NC transplantation on the cognitive function, synapsin I level, amyloid β-peptides (Aβ) deposition, and microglial function of the mice were investigated. Results We found that transplantation of HUMSC-NCs into AβPP/PS1 mice improved the cognitive function, increased synapsin I level, and significantly reduced Aβ deposition in the mice. The beneficial effects were associated with “alternatively activated” microglia (M2-like microglia). In the mice transplanted with HUMSC-NCs, M2-like microglial activation was significantly increased, and the expression of antiinflammatory cytokine associated with M2-like microglia, interleukin-4 (IL-4), was also increased, whereas the expression of proinflammatory cytokines associated with classic microglia (M1-like microglia), including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), was significantly reduced. Moreover, the expression of Aβ-degrading factors, insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and neprilysin (NEP), was increased substantially in the mice treated with HUMSC-NCs. Conclusions HUMSC-NC transplantation decreased Aβ deposition and improved memory in AβPP/PS1 mice by a mechanism associated with activating M2-like microglia and modulating neuroinflammation. Transplantation of neuron-like cells differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells might be a promising cell therapy for Alzheimer disease.
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Chung WH, Lee JH, Chung DJ, Yang WJ, Lee AJ, Choi CB, Chang HS, Kim DH, Chung HJ, Suh HJ, Hwang SH, Han H, Do SH, Kim HY. Improved rat spinal cord injury model using spinal cord compression by percutaneous method. J Vet Sci 2013; 14:329-35. [PMID: 23820159 PMCID: PMC3788159 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2013.14.3.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, percutaneous spinal cord injury (SCI) methods using a balloon catheter in adult rats are described. A balloon catheter was inserted into the epidural space through the lumbosacral junction and then inflated between T9-T10 for 10min under fluoroscopic guidance. Animals were divided into three groups with respect to inflation volume: 20 µL (n = 18), 50 µL (n = 18) and control (Fogarty catheter inserted but not inflated; n = 10). Neurological assessments were then made based on BBB score, magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology. Both inflation volumes produced complete paralysis. Gradual recovery of motor function occurred when 20 µL was used, but not after 50 µL was applied. In the 50 µL group, all gray and white matter was lost from the center of the lesion. In addition, supramaximal damage was noted, which likely prevented spontaneous recovery. This percutaneous spinal cord compression injury model is simple, rapid with high reproducibility and the potential to serve as a useful tool for investigation of pathophysiology and possible protective treatments of SCI in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wook-Hun Chung
- Departments of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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Neirinckx V, Coste C, Rogister B, Wislet-Gendebien S. Concise review: adult mesenchymal stem cells, adult neural crest stem cells, and therapy of neurological pathologies: a state of play. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:284-96. [PMID: 23486833 PMCID: PMC3659839 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells are endowed with in vitro multilineage differentiation abilities and constitute an attractive autologous source of material for cell therapy in neurological disorders. With regard to lately published results, the ability of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) to integrate and differentiate into neurons once inside the central nervous system (CNS) is currently questioned. For this review, we collected exhaustive data on MSC/NCSC neural differentiation in vitro. We then analyzed preclinical cell therapy experiments in different models for neurological diseases and concluded that neural differentiation is probably not the leading property of adult MSCs and NCSCs concerning neurological pathology management. A fine analysis of the molecules that are secreted by MSCs and NCSCs would definitely be of significant interest regarding their important contribution to the clinical and pathological recovery after CNS lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bernard Rogister
- Neurosciences Unit and
- Development, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Neurology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
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27
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Oda Y, Tani K, Kanei T, Haraguchi T, Itamoto K, Nakazawa H, Taura Y. Characterization of neuron-like cells derived from canine bone marrow stromal cells. Vet Res Commun 2013; 37:133-8. [PMID: 23435810 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-013-9555-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative therapy using bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) has begun to be clinically applied in humans and dogs for neurological disorders such as spinal cord injury. Under appropriate conditions in vitro, BMSCs differentiate into neuronal cells, which may improve the effects of regenerative therapy. In this study, we evaluated canine neuron-like cells (NLCs) derived from BMSCs. We speculated on their suitability for neuro-transplantation from the point of view of their morphological features, long-term viability, abundant availability, and ability to be subcultured. Canine NLCs were differentiated as follows: third-passage BMSCs were maintained in pre-induction medium containing 2-mercaptoethanol and dimethylsulfoxide for 5 h, and then cells were transferred to neuronal induction medium containing fetal bovine serum, basic fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and isobutylmethylxanthine for 7 or 14 days. Canine NLCs fulfilled the transplantation criteria and expressed markers of both immature neurons (nestin, 84.7 %) and mature neuronal cells (microtubule-associated protein-2, 95.7 %; βIII-tubulin protein, 12.9 %; glial fibrillary acidic protein, 9.2 %). These results suggest that canine BMSCs can be induced to differentiate into neuronal cells and may be suitable for neuro-transplantation. This study may provide information for improving cellular therapy for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Oda
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
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Li J, Lepski G. Cell transplantation for spinal cord injury: a systematic review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:786475. [PMID: 23484157 PMCID: PMC3581246 DOI: 10.1155/2013/786475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell transplantation, as a therapeutic intervention for spinal cord injury (SCI), has been extensively studied by researchers in recent years. A number of different kinds of stem cells, neural progenitors, and glial cells have been tested in basic research, and most have been excluded from clinical studies because of a variety of reasons, including safety and efficacy. The signaling pathways, protein interactions, cellular behavior, and the differentiated fates of experimental cells have been studied in vitro in detail. Furthermore, the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and effects on promoting functional recovery of transplanted cells have also been examined in different animal SCI models. However, despite significant progress, a "bench to bedside" gap still exists. In this paper, we comprehensively cover publications in the field from the last years. The most commonly utilized cell lineages were covered in this paper and specific areas covered include survival of grafted cells, axonal regeneration and remyelination, sensory and motor functional recovery, and electrophysiological improvements. Finally we also review the literature on the in vivo tracking techniques for transplanted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Guilherme Lepski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Avnida Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 255, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Gheisari Y, Baharvand H, Nayernia K, Vasei M. Stem cell and tissue engineering research in the Islamic republic of Iran. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2012; 8:629-39. [PMID: 22350456 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-011-9343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
During the last few years, the Islamic republic of Iran has consistently grown in nearly all scientific fields and achieved considerable success in producing science and developing technology. The Iranian government and scientific community have jointly started programs to support the creation of new scientific opportunities and technology platforms for research in the domain of stem cell and tissue engineering. In addition, clinical translation of basic researches in the fields of stem cell and regenerative medicine has been amongst the top priorities. Interestingly, the public sector, media, and authorities are also actively monitoring these attainments. In spite of this nationwide interest, however, there is currently a dearth of analytical information on these accomplishments. To address this issue, here we introduce the key decisions made by the country's policy makers and also review some of the Iranian researchers' publications in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousof Gheisari
- SABZ Biomedicals Science-Based Company, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Ruff CA, Wilcox JT, Fehlings MG. Cell-based transplantation strategies to promote plasticity following spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2012; 235:78-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Yazdani SO, Pedram M, Hafizi M, Kabiri M, Soleimani M, Dehghan MM, Jahanzad I, Gheisari Y, Hashemi SM. A comparison between neurally induced bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells and olfactory ensheathing glial cells to repair spinal cord injuries in rat. Tissue Cell 2012; 44:205-13. [PMID: 22551686 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapy has proven to be a highly promising method in clinical applications, raising so much hope for the treatment of injured tissues with low, if any, self regeneration potential such as central and peripheral nervous system. Neurally induced bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (NIMSCs) as well as olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) were transplanted in a rat model of sub-acute spinal cord injury and the behavioral and histological analyses were conducted. A balloon-compression technique was used to produce an injury at T8-T9 level of spinal cord. After a week post injury, rats were injected with either NIMSCs or OECs at the center of developing lesion cavity, 3mm cranial and 3mm caudal to the cavity. Weekly behavioral assessment using BBB score was done over five-week period post transplantation and finally histological assessment was performed to locate labeled cells in the tissue in order to evaluate the reduction of cavity formation and axonal regeneration. Evaluation of locomotor performance showed significant behavioral improvement in NIMSC group over OEC and control groups. The histological analyses revealed the presence of transplanted cells in the spinal cord parenchyma. Volume of injured area that was occupied with syrinx cavity in NIMSC group was significantly less than control group. In addition, meanwhile neurofilament-positive axons significantly showed higher expression in rats receiving NIMSC compared to the other two groups. In conclusion NIMSC caused both behavioral and histological improvement that potentially makes them a promising candidate for cell therapy approaches of spinal cord injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Oraee Yazdani
- Students' Scientific Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences-SSRC, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Medical Faculty, Tehran, Iran
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Directing mesenchymal stem cells to bone to augment bone formation and increase bone mass. Nat Med 2012; 18:456-62. [PMID: 22306732 PMCID: PMC3755884 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging reduces the number of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the bone marrow which leads to impairment of osteogenesis. However, if MSCs could be directed toward osteogenic differentiation, they could be a viable therapeutic option for bone regeneration. We have developed a method to direct the MSCs to the bone surface by attaching a synthetic high affinity and specific peptidomimetic ligand (LLP2A) against integrin α4β1 on the MSC surface, to a bisphosphonate (alendronate, Ale) that has high affinity for bone. LLP2A-Ale increased MSCs migration and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. A single intravenous injection of LLP2A-Ale increased trabecular bone formation and bone mass in both xenotransplantation and immune competent mice. Additionally, LLP2A-Ale prevented trabecular bone loss after peak bone acquisition was achieved or following estrogen deficiency. These results provide a proof of principle that LLP2A-Ale can direct MSCs to the bone to form new bone and increase bone strength.
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