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Maïmoun L, Gelis A, Serrand C, Mura T, Brabant S, Garnero P, Mariano-Goulart D, Fattal C. Whole-body vibration may not affect bone mineral density and bone turnover in persons with chronic spinal cord injury: A preliminary study. J Spinal Cord Med 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37930641 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2023.2268893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Spinal-cord injury (SCI) induces bone loss and dramatically increases the risk of fracture. OBJECTIVES Determine the effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) on areal bone mineral density (aBMD), whole body composition and bone biological parameters in individuals with chronic-state SCI. DESIGN Randomized study. SETTING Centre Neurologique PROPARA. PARTICIPANTS Fourteen subjects were randomly assigned to a WBV or a control group. INTERVENTIONS WBV (20-45 min, 30-45 Hz, 0.5 g) was performed in verticalized persons twice weekly for 6 months. OUTCOME MEASURES aBMD was measured by DXA at baseline and 6 months and bone biological parameters at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months. RESULTS No significant aBMD change was found in either the WBV or control group after 6 months of follow-up. Similarly, periostin, sclerostin and bone turnover markers remained relatively stable throughout follow-up and no difference in variation was observed within-group and between groups. Except for whole-body fat mass, which showed a significant decrease in the WBV group compared to controls, no difference in changes was observed, whatever the localization for fat and lean body mass. CONCLUSIONS During the chronic phase, aBMD and bone remodeling reach a new steady state. However, the DXA technique and the bone markers, including sclerostin and periostin, both of which reflect bone cell activity influenced by mechanical strain, showed that the bone tissue of individuals with SCI was insensitive to 6 months of WBV training at the study dose. Nevertheless, results of this preliminary study that was underpowered need to be confirmed and other modalities of WBV may be more effective in improving aBMD of this population. TRIALS REGISTRATION N°IDRCB:2011-A00224-37.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Maïmoun
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Chris Serrand
- Unité de Recherche Clinique et Epidémiologie, Hôpital La Colombière, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thibault Mura
- BESPIM -Hôpital Caremeau, CHRU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Severine Brabant
- Laboratoire des Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | | | - Denis Mariano-Goulart
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Safder SNUH, Akram MU, Dar MN, Khan AA, Khawaja SG, Subhani AR, Niazi IK, Gul S. Analysis of EEG signals using deep learning to highlight effects of vibration-based therapy on brain. Biomed Signal Process Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2023.104605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Yin L, An Y, Chen X, Yan HX, Zhang T, Lu XG, Yan JT. Local vibration therapy promotes the recovery of nerve function in rats with sciatic nerve injury. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 20:265-273. [PMID: 35153133 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been reported that local vibration therapy can benefit recovery after peripheral nerve injury, but the optimized parameters and effective mechanism were unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of local vibration therapy of different amplitudes on the recovery of nerve function in rats with sciatic nerve injury (SNI). METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to SNI and then randomly divided into 5 groups: sham group, SNI group, SNI + A-1 mm group, SNI + A-2 mm group, and SNI + A-4 mm group (A refers to the amplitude; n = 10 per group). Starting on the 7th day after model initiation, local vibration therapy was given for 21 consecutive days with a frequency of 10 Hz and an amplitude of 1, 2 or 4 mm for 5 min. The sciatic function index (SFI) was assessed before surgery and on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days after surgery. Tissues were harvested on the 28th day after surgery for morphological, immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Compared with the SNI group, on the 28th day after surgery, the SFIs of the treatment groups were increased; the difference in the SNI + A-2 mm group was the most obvious (95% confidence interval [CI]: [5.86, 27.09], P < 0.001), and the cross-sectional areas of myocytes in all of the treatment groups were improved. The G-ratios in the SNI + A-1 mm group and SNI + A-2 mm group were reduced significantly (95% CI: [-0.12, -0.02], P = 0.007; 95% CI: [-0.15, -0.06], P < 0.001). In addition, the expressions of S100 and nerve growth factor proteins in the treatment groups were increased; the phosphorylation expressions of ERK1/2 protein in the SNI + A-2 mm group and SNI + A-4 mm group were upregulated (95% CI: [0.03, 0.96], P = 0.038; 95% CI: [0.01, 0.94], P = 0.047, respectively), and the phosphorylation expression of Akt in the SNI + A-1 mm group was upregulated (95% CI: [0.11, 2.07], P = 0.031). CONCLUSION Local vibration therapy, especially with medium amplitude, was able to promote the recovery of nerve function in rats with SNI; this result was linked to the proliferation of Schwann cells and the activation of the ERK1/2 and Akt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yun An
- Department of Tuina, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 200441, China
| | - Hui-Xin Yan
- Department of Tuina, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Tuina, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Xin-Gang Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jun-Tao Yan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
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Fenton JM, King JA, Hoekstra SP, Valentino SE, Phillips SM, Goosey-Tolfrey VL. Protocols aiming to increase muscle mass in persons with motor complete spinal cord injury: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil 2022; 45:1433-1443. [PMID: 35465798 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2063420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this review was to compare all intervention modalities aimed at increasing skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in the paralysed limbs of persons with chronic (>1-year post-injury), motor complete spinal cord injury (SCI). MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review of EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases was conducted from inception until December 2021. Published intervention studies aimed to increase SMM (measured by magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, ultrasound, muscle biopsy, or lean soft tissue mass by dual X-ray absorptiometry) in the paralysed limbs of adults (>18 years) with SCI were included. RESULTS Fifty articles were included that, overall, demonstrated a high risk of bias. Studies were categorised into six groups: neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) with and without external resistance, functional electrical stimulation cycling, walking- and standing-based interventions, pharmacological treatments, and studies that compared or combined intervention modalities. Resistance training (RT) using NMES on the quadriceps produced the largest and most consistent increases in SMM of all intervention modalities. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence suggests that clinical practise aiming to increase SMM in the paralysed limbs of persons with motor complete SCI should perform NMES-RT. However, more high-quality randomised control trials are needed to determine how training variables, such as exercise volume and intensity, can be optimised for increasing SMM. Implications for rehabilitationPersons with spinal cord injury (SCI) experience severe reductions in skeletal muscle mass (SMM) post-injury, which may exacerbate their risk of obesity and metabolic disease.Out of all exercise and non-exercise-based interventions, this systematic review shows that neuromuscular electrical stimulation-based resistance training demonstrates the most robust and consistent evidence for increasing skeletal muscle mass in the paralysed limbs of adults with motor complete spinal cord injury.The findings from this review can be used to inform evidence-based practise for exercise practitioners, as well as direct future research focused on increasing muscle mass in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M. Fenton
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - James A. King
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Sven P. Hoekstra
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | | | - Stuart M. Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria L. Goosey-Tolfrey
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Rosales-Antequera C, Viscor G, Araneda OF. Inflammation and Oxidative Stress as Common Mechanisms of Pulmonary, Autonomic and Musculoskeletal Dysfunction after Spinal Cord Injury. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040550. [PMID: 35453749 PMCID: PMC9032591 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary When a spinal cord injury occurs, the neurons that regulate our voluntary movements, those involved in environment and somatic perception and those that regulate vegetative functions are affected. Once neuronal damage is established, the cells of other tissues are also affected in their functions, altering the interaction between organs and altering the proper functioning of the organism. Multiple studies in animal models, as well as in humans, have recognized as factors involved in organ damage the imbalance between the formation of highly reactive molecules called pro-oxidants and defensive mechanisms called antioxidants. Closely associated with this phenomenon, the inflammatory response is also pathologically activated. In this narrative review, we have analyzed the information involving these pathological processes at the level of the lung, the autonomic nervous system and the skeletal musculature after spinal cord injury. Knowing the abnormal functioning mechanisms that occur after a spinal cord injury not only offers a better understanding of the organic events but also offers future possibilities for therapeutic interventions that may benefit the thousands of patients suffering this pathology. Abstract One of the etiopathogenic factors frequently associated with generalized organ damage after spinal cord injury corresponds to the imbalance of the redox state and inflammation, particularly of the respiratory, autonomic and musculoskeletal systems. Our goal in this review was to gain a better understanding of this phenomenon by reviewing both animal and human studies. At the respiratory level, the presence of tissue damage is notable in situations that require increased ventilation due to lower thoracic distensibility and alveolar inflammation caused by higher levels of leptin as a result of increased fatty tissue. Increased airway reactivity, due to loss of sympathetic innervation, and levels of nitric oxide in exhaled air that are similar to those seen in asthmatic patients have also been reported. In addition, the loss of autonomic control efficiency leads to an uncontrolled release of catecholamines and glucocorticoids that induce immunosuppression, as well as a predisposition to autoimmune reactions. Simultaneously, blood pressure regulation is altered with vascular damage and atherogenesis associated with oxidative damage. At the muscular level, chronically elevated levels of prooxidants and lipoperoxidation associated with myofibrillar atrophy are described, with no reduction or reversibility of this process through antioxidant supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Rosales-Antequera
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
- Integrative Laboratory of Biomechanics and Physiology of Effort, LIBFE, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Ginés Viscor
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Oscar F. Araneda
- Integrative Laboratory of Biomechanics and Physiology of Effort, LIBFE, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Correspondence:
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Chow SKH, Ho CY, Wong HW, Chim YN, Wong RMY, Cheung WH. Efficacy of low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) on musculoskeletal health of participants on wheelchair: a study protocol for a single-blinded randomised controlled study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038578. [PMID: 33323430 PMCID: PMC7745337 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is an age-related disease with progressive loss of bone, leading to fragile bone. It is one of the major health issues in older adults and causes medical, social and economic impacts globally. Patients with osteoporosis have high risk of osteoporotic fractures. Low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) is a non-invasive biophysical intervention providing whole-body mechanical stimulation. Previous studies showed that LMHFV is beneficial to muscle strength, postural control, balancing ability, new bone formation, spinal bone mineral density (BMD) and blood circulation. During the LMHFV treatment, older adults need to stand upright on the platform for 20 min/day. However, some physically weak elderlies with poor musculoskeletal ability cannot stand for a long period. Therefore, the design of vibration platform is modified for the disabled patients to treat at sitting position and the efficacy of LMHFV on this group of elderlies will be verified. It is hypothesised that new design of LMHFV is beneficial to wheelchair users in terms of vertebral BMD, muscle health and musculoskeletal functions. METHODS This study is a single-blinded randomised controlled trial to investigate the effect of LMHFV on vertebral BMD, muscle health, balancing ability and functional ability in wheelchair users (mainly on wheelchair for outdoor activities). Healthy elderlies aged 65 years or above with walking difficulties and using wheelchair are eligible. Exclusion criteria are those: (1) who cannot stand and walk independently, (2) who have vibration treatment before, (3) with malignancy, (4) with acute fractures or severe osteoarthritis, (5) with cardiovascular concern such as with pacemaker in situ, (6) with chronic inflammatory conditions known to affect muscle metabolism such as rheumatoid arthritis and (7) with high frequency of physical activities, such as participants who participated in regular exercise five times a week or more. Recruited participants will be randomised to either LMHFV or control group. Participant assigned to LMHFV group will receive LMHFV (35 Hz, 0.3g (g=gravitational acceleration), 20 min/day, at least three times/week) for 6 months. The primary outcome is BMD at the lumbar spine to be assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry that is clinically recommended for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. All primary and secondary outcome assessments for all groups will be performed in the investigators' institute at baseline and 6 months post treatment. DISCUSSION This study aims to investigate the effects of LMHFV on wheelchair users. The findings of this study will help to confirm the efficacy of LMHFV on vertebral BMD, muscle health, balancing ability and functional outcomes in wheelchair using elderlies. LMHFV therapy is an intervention strategy that is easy to implement at the community healthcare level or individually at home that has previously been proven to reduce fall risk and muscle strength at the lower limb. The ultimate goal is to improve their bone and muscle quality of wheelchair users, as well as enhancing their quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04180267).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kwoon Ho Chow
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chung Yan Ho
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Hiu Wun Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Ning Chim
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ronald Man Yeung Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Hoi Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Espeit L, Lapole T. Effects of graduated compression stockings, local vibration and their combination on popliteal venous blood velocity. Phlebology 2020; 35:505-512. [DOI: 10.1177/0268355520902000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this pilot study was to examine and compare the effects of graduated compression stockings, local vibration, and combined graduated compression stockings and local vibration on popliteal venous blood velocity. Method Twenty-four healthy subjects received four 15 min interventions (control, graduated compression stockings alone, local vibration alone, and combined graduated compression stockings and local vibration), while resting inactive in the prone position. Popliteal vein blood velocity was investigated before (PRE) and at the end (POST) of each intervention using Doppler ultrasound. Results At POST, peak velocity was reported to be 26.3 ± 53.5% ( p < 0.05) greater for local vibration than control (CONT). Peak velocity was 46.2 ± 54.6% ( p < 0.001) and 21.1 ± 37.6% ( p < 0.01) higher for graduated compression stockings than CONT and local vibration, respectively. Graduated compression stockings + local vibration presented 64.1 ± 58.0% ( p < 0.001), 38.4 ± 52.4% ( p < 0.001) and 15.0 ± 31.6% ( p < 0.05) greater values than CONT, local vibration and graduated compression stockings, respectively. Conclusions This study demonstrated an increase in popliteal venous blood velocity after graduated compression stockings and local vibration application. Their combination provided the greatest effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Lapole
- Univ Lyon, UJM Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Saint-Etienne, France
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Morse LR, Biering-Soerensen F, Carbone LD, Cervinka T, Cirnigliaro CM, Johnston TE, Liu N, Troy KL, Weaver FM, Shuhart C, Craven BC. Bone Mineral Density Testing in Spinal Cord Injury: 2019 ISCD Official Position. J Clin Densitom 2019; 22:554-566. [PMID: 31501005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes rapid osteoporosis that is most severe below the level of injury. More than half of those with motor complete SCI will experience an osteoporotic fracture at some point following their injury, with most fractures occurring at the distal femur and proximal tibia. These fractures have devastating consequences, including delayed union or nonunion, cellulitis, skin breakdown, lower extremity amputation, and premature death. Maintaining skeletal integrity and preventing fractures is imperative following SCI to fully benefit from future advances in paralysis cure research and robotic-exoskeletons, brain computer interfaces and other evolving technologies. Clinical care has been previously limited by the lack of consensus derived guidelines or standards regarding dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-based diagnosis of osteoporosis, fracture risk prediction, or monitoring response to therapies. The International Society of Clinical Densitometry convened a task force to establish Official Positions for bone density assessment by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in individuals with SCI of traumatic or nontraumatic etiology. This task force conducted a series of systematic reviews to guide the development of evidence-based position statements that were reviewed by an expert panel at the 2019 Position Development Conference in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The resulting the International Society of Clinical Densitometry Official Positions are intended to inform clinical care and guide the diagnosis of osteoporosis as well as fracture risk management of osteoporosis following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie R Morse
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Fin Biering-Soerensen
- Clinic for Spinal Cord Injuries, Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura D Carbone
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Tomas Cervinka
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Satakunta University of Applied Sciences, Pori, Finland
| | - Christopher M Cirnigliaro
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research & Development Service National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Therese E Johnston
- Department of Physical Therapy, Jefferson College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Disease Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Karen L Troy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Frances M Weaver
- Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare (CINCCH), Health Services Research & Development, Department of Veterans Affairs, Hines VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Christopher Shuhart
- Swedish Bone Health and Osteoporosis Center, Swedish Medical Group, Seattle WA, USA
| | - Beverley C Craven
- Neural Engineering and Therapeutics Team, KITE Research Institute - University Health Network, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
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Caryn RC, Dickey JP. Transmission of Acceleration From a Synchronous Vibration Exercise Platform to the Head During Dynamic Squats. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819827467. [PMID: 30833873 PMCID: PMC6393836 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819827467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many research studies have evaluated the effects of whole-body vibration exercise on muscular strength, standing balance, and bone density, but relatively few reports have evaluated safety issues for vibration exercises. Knee flexion reduces acceleration transmission to the head during static exercise. However, few studies have evaluated dynamic exercises. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the transmission of acceleration to the head during dynamic squats. Twelve participants performed dynamic squats (0°-40° of knee flexion) on a synchronous vertical whole-body vibration platform. Platform frequencies from 20 to 50 Hz were tested at a peak-to-peak nominal displacement setting of 1 mm. Transmissibilities from the platform to head varied depending on platform frequency and knee flexion angle. We observed amplification during 20 and 25 Hz platform vibration when knee flexion was <20°. Vibration from exercise platforms can be amplified as it is transmitted through the body to the head during dynamic squats. Similarly, this vibration energy contributes to observed injuries such as retinal detachment. It is recommended that knee flexion angles of at least 20° and vibration frequencies above 30 Hz are used when performing dynamic squat exercises with whole-body vibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Caryn
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - James P Dickey
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review assembles recent understanding of the profound loss of muscle and bone in spinal cord injury (SCI). It is important to try to understand these changes, and the context in which they occur, because of their impact on the wellbeing of SC-injured individuals, and the urgent need for viable preventative therapies. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research provides new understanding of the effects of age and systemic factors on the response of bone to loading, of relevance to attempts to provide load therapy for bone in SCI. The rapidly growing dataset describing the biochemical crosstalk between bone and muscle, and the cell and molecular biology of myokines signalling to bone and osteokines regulating muscle metabolism and mass, is reviewed. The ways in which this crosstalk may be altered in SCI is summarised. Therapeutic approaches to the catabolic changes in muscle and bone in SCI require a holistic understanding of their unique mechanical and biochemical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian M Clark
- Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
| | - David M Findlay
- Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
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Felter C. Whole Body Vibration for People with Spinal Cord Injury: a review. CURRENT PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40141-017-0155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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