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Jervøe-Storm PM, Bunke J, Worthington HV, Needleman I, Cosgarea R, MacDonald L, Walsh T, Lewis SR, Jepsen S. Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri-implant diseases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024; 7:CD011778. [PMID: 38994711 PMCID: PMC11240860 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011778.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis and peri-implant diseases are chronic inflammatory conditions occurring in the mouth. Left untreated, periodontitis progressively destroys the tooth-supporting apparatus. Peri-implant diseases occur in tissues around dental implants and are characterised by inflammation in the peri-implant mucosa and subsequent progressive loss of supporting bone. Treatment aims to clean the pockets around teeth or dental implants and prevent damage to surrounding soft tissue and bone, including improvement of oral hygiene, risk factor control (e.g. encouraging cessation of smoking) and surgical interventions. The key aspect of standard non-surgical treatment is the removal of the subgingival biofilm using subgingival instrumentation (SI) (also called scaling and root planing). Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) can be used an adjunctive treatment to SI. It uses light energy to kill micro-organisms that have been treated with a light-absorbing photosensitising agent immediately prior to aPDT. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of SI with adjunctive aPDT versus SI alone or with placebo aPDT for periodontitis and peri-implant diseases in adults. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Oral Health Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, two other databases and two trials registers up to 14 February 2024. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (both parallel-group and split-mouth design) in participants with a clinical diagnosis of periodontitis, peri-implantitis or peri-implant disease. We compared the adjunctive use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), in which aPDT was given after subgingival or submucosal instrumentation (SI), versus SI alone or a combination of SI and a placebo aPDT given during the active or supportive phase of therapy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane methodological procedures, and we used GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence. We prioritised six outcomes and the measure of change from baseline to six months after treatment: probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (REC), pocket closure and adverse effects related to aPDT. We were also interested in change in bone level (for participants with peri-implantitis), and participant satisfaction and quality of life. MAIN RESULTS We included 50 RCTs with 1407 participants. Most studies used a split-mouth study design; only 18 studies used a parallel-group design. Studies were small, ranging from 10 participants to 88. Adjunctive aPDT was given in a single session in 39 studies, in multiple sessions (between two and four sessions) in 11 studies, and one study included both single and multiple sessions. SI was given using hand or power-driven instrumentation (or both), and was carried out prior to adjunctive aPDT. Five studies used placebo aPDT in the control group and we combined these in meta-analyses with studies in which SI alone was used. All studies included high or unclear risks of bias, such as selection bias or performance bias of personnel (when SI was carried out by an operator aware of group allocation). We downgraded the certainty of all the evidence owing to these risks of bias, as well as for unexplained statistical inconsistency in the pooled effect estimates or for imprecision when evidence was derived from very few participants and confidence intervals (CI) indicated possible benefit to both intervention and control groups. Adjunctive aPDT versus SI alone during active treatment of periodontitis (44 studies) We are very uncertain whether adjunctive aPDT during active treatment of periodontitis leads to improvement in any clinical outcomes at six months when compared to SI alone: PPD (mean difference (MD) 0.52 mm, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.74; 15 studies, 452 participants), BOP (MD 5.72%, 95% CI 1.62 to 9.81; 5 studies, 171 studies), CAL (MD 0.44 mm, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.64; 13 studies, 414 participants) and REC (MD 0.00, 95% CI -0.16 to 0.16; 4 studies, 95 participants); very low-certainty evidence. Any apparent differences between adjunctive aPDT and SI alone were not judged to be clinically important. Twenty-four studies (639 participants) observed no adverse effects related to aPDT (moderate-certainty evidence). No studies reported pocket closure at six months, participant satisfaction or quality of life. Adjunctive aPDT versus SI alone during supportive treatment of periodontitis (six studies) We were very uncertain whether adjunctive aPDT during supportive treatment of periodontitis leads to improvement in any clinical outcomes at six months when compared to SI alone: PPD (MD -0.04 mm, 95% CI -0.19 to 0.10; 3 studies, 125 participants), BOP (MD 4.98%, 95% CI -2.51 to 12.46; 3 studies, 127 participants), CAL (MD 0.07 mm, 95% CI -0.26 to 0.40; 2 studies, 85 participants) and REC (MD -0.20 mm, 95% CI -0.48 to 0.08; 1 study, 24 participants); very low-certainty evidence. These findings were all imprecise and included no clinically important benefits for aPDT. Three studies (134 participants) reported adverse effects: a single participant developed an abscess, though it is not evident whether this was related to aPDT, and two studies observed no adverse effects related to aPDT (moderate-certainty evidence). No studies reported pocket closure at six months, participant satisfaction or quality of life. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Because the certainty of the evidence is very low, we cannot be sure if adjunctive aPDT leads to improved clinical outcomes during the active or supportive treatment of periodontitis; moreover, results suggest that any improvements may be too small to be clinically important. The certainty of this evidence can only be increased by the inclusion of large, well-conducted RCTs that are appropriately analysed to account for change in outcome over time or within-participant split-mouth study designs (or both). We found no studies including people with peri-implantitis, and only one study including people with peri-implant mucositis, but this very small study reported no data at six months, warranting more evidence for adjunctive aPDT in this population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia-Merete Jervøe-Storm
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jennifer Bunke
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Helen V Worthington
- Cochrane Oral Health, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ian Needleman
- Unit of Periodontology and International Centre for Evidence-Based Oral Health, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Raluca Cosgarea
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Periodontology and Peri-implant Diseases, Philips University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Clinic for Prosthetic Dentistry, University Iuliu-Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laura MacDonald
- Cochrane Oral Health, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tanya Walsh
- Cochrane Oral Health, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sharon R Lewis
- Cochrane Oral Health, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Søren Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Zhou X, Ying X, Wu L, Liu L, Wang Y, He Y, Han M. Research Progress of Natural Product Photosensitizers in Photodynamic Therapy. PLANTA MEDICA 2024; 90:368-379. [PMID: 38423033 DOI: 10.1055/a-2257-9194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a noninvasive cancer treatment that utilizes photosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species upon light exposure, leading to tumor cell apoptosis. Although photosensitizers have shown efficacy in clinical practice, they are associated with certain disadvantages, such as a certain degree of toxicity and limited availability. Recent studies have shown that natural product photosensitizers offer promising options due to their low toxicity and potential therapeutic effects. In this review, we provide a summary and evaluation of the current clinical photosensitizers that are commonly used and delve into the anticancer potential of natural product photosensitizers like psoralens, quinonoids, chlorophyll derivatives, curcumin, chrysophanol, doxorubicin, tetracyclines, Leguminosae extracts, and Lonicera japonica extract. The emphasis is on their phototoxicity, pharmacological benefits, and effectiveness against different types of diseases. Novel and more effective natural product photosensitizers for future clinical application are yet to be explored in further research. In conclusion, natural product photosensitizers have potential in photodynamic therapy and represent a promising area of research for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Zhou
- Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xufang Ying
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linjie Wu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqin Liu
- Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying He
- Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Han
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Bahrami R, Nikparto N, Gharibpour F, Pourhajibagher M, Bahador A. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for managing the peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103990. [PMID: 38278339 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.103990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of peri‑implant inflammation including peri‑implant mucositis and peri‑implantitis, is a crucial factor that impacts the long-term stability and success of dental implants. This review aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjuvant therapy option for managing peri‑implant mucositis and peri‑implantitis. METHODS We systematically searched the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases (no time limitation). The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and the quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. RESULTS Of 322 eligible articles, 14 studies were included in this review. The heterogeneity and poor quality of the articles reviewed prevented a meta-analysis. The reviewed articles used a light source (60 s, 1 session) with a wavelength of 635 to 810 nm for optimal tissue penetration. These studies showed improved clinical parameters such as probing depth, bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque index after aPDT treatment. However, in smokers, BOP increased after aPDT. Compared to conventional therapy, aPDT had a longer-term antimicrobial effect and reduced periopathogens like Porphyromonas gingivalis, as well as inflammatory factors such as Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). No undesired side effects were reported in the studies. CONCLUSION Although the reviewed articles had limitations, aPDT showed effectiveness in improving peri‑implant mucositis and peri‑implantitis. It is recommended as an adjunctive strategy for managing peri‑implant diseases, but further high-quality research is needed for efficacy and long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashin Bahrami
- Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nariman Nikparto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Fateme Gharibpour
- Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Fellowship in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, BioHealth Lab, Tehran, Iran.
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Khorramdel A, Pourabbas R, Sadighi M, Kashefimehr A, Mousavi S. Effect of photodynamic therapy as an adjunctive to mechanical debridement on the nonsurgical treatment of peri-implant mucositis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.367900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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5
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Wang R, Yin C, Liu C, Sun Y, Xiao P, Li J, Yang S, Wu W, Jiang X. Phenylboronic Acid Modification Augments the Lysosome Escape and Antitumor Efficacy of a Cylindrical Polymer Brush-Based Prodrug. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20927-20938. [PMID: 34855390 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Timely lysosome escape is of paramount importance for endocytosed nanomedicines to avoid premature degradation under the acidic and hydrolytic conditions in lysosomes. Herein, we report an exciting finding that phenylboronic acid (PBA) modification can greatly facilitate the lysosome escape of cylindrical polymer brushes (CPBs). On the basis of our experimental results, we speculate that the mechanism is associated with the specific interactions of the PBA groups with lysosomal membrane proteins and hot shock proteins. The featured advantage of the PBA modification over the known lysosome escape strategies is that it does not cause significant adverse effects on the properties of the CPBs; on the contrary, it enhances remarkably their tumor accumulation and penetration. Furthermore, doxorubicin was conjugated to the PBA-modified CPBs with a drug loading content larger than 20%. This CPBs-based prodrug could eradicate the tumors established in mice by multiple intravenous administrations. This work provides a novel strategy for facilitating the lysosome escape of nanomaterials and demonstrates that PBA modification is an effective way to improve the overall properties of nanomedicines including the tumor therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Wang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Changfeng Yin
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Changren Liu
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Panpan Xiao
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiqun Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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Karmakar S, Prakash S, Jagadeson M, Namachivayam A, Das D, Sarkar S. Clinico-microbiological Efficacy of Indocyanine Green as a Novel Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy among Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: A Split-mouth Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2021; 13:S143-S148. [PMID: 34447063 PMCID: PMC8375874 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_613_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Conventional nonsurgical periodontal therapy, i.e., scaling and root planing (SRP), is not sufficient to completely eradicate the microorganisms present in dental plaque biofilm due to the incapability of instruments to reach the inaccessible areas of a tooth with anatomical variations. Hence, to increase the effectiveness of SRP, many adjunctive treatment strategies are proposed, including photodynamic therapy (PDT). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the clinical and microbiological efficacy of PDT using Indocyanine green (ICG) as a novel photosensitizer for the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Twenty individuals who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were enrolled for this randomized controlled clinical trial using split-mouth design. Treatment sites from each individual were randomly allocated into two groups: SRP was done for the sites of the control group and an additional session of PDT using ICG was performed for the sites of the test group. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from both the sites and sent for quantitative analysis of Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and count of all the three microorganisms were assessed at baseline and after 3 months. Results: After 3 months, PD and CAL showed statistically significant improvement in the test sites (P < 0.001) compared to the control sites. However, the differences in the microbiological parameters were statistically nonsignificant between the groups. Conclusion: ICG as a photosensitizer may enhance the outcomes of SRP and can be used for PDT for the nonsurgical management of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaswata Karmakar
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shobha Prakash
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahesh Jagadeson
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Karpaga Vinayaka Institute of Dental Sciences, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunkumar Namachivayam
- Department of Biostatistics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Dipanjan Das
- Department of Periodontology, Awadh Dental College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
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Garin C, Alejo T, Perez-Laguna V, Prieto M, Mendoza G, Arruebo M, Sebastian V, Rezusta A. Chalcogenide nanoparticles and organic photosensitizers for synergetic antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6246-6259. [PMID: 34328492 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00972a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synergistic antimicrobial effects were observed for copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles together with indocyanine green (ICG) in the elimination of wild type pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) and also opportunistic fungal infective yeast (Candida albicans ATCC 10231). Furthermore, large antibacterial effects were observed for clinical isolates of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) PFGE strain-type USA300. This efficient antimicrobial action was attributed to the combined extra- and intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species upon light irradiation. Instead of the use of visible-light for the activation of common photosensitizers, both ICG and CuS nanoparticles can be activated in the near infrared (NIR)-region of the electromagnetic spectrum and therefore, superior tissue penetration would be expected in a potential elimination of pathogenic microorganisms not only on the skin but also in the soft tissue. In the different bacteria studied a 3-log reduction in the bacterial counts was achieved after only 6 min of NIR irradiation and treatment with ICG or CuS alone at concentrations of 40 and 160 µg mL-1, respectively. A maximum bactericidal effect against S. aureus and USA300 strains was obtained for the combination of both photosensitizers at the same concentration. Regarding P. aeruginosa, a 4-log reduction in the CFU was observed for the combination of CuS and ICG at various concentrations. In Candida albicans the combination of both ICG and CuS and light irradiation showed an antimicrobial dose-dependent effect with the reduction of at least 3-log in the cell counts for the combination of ICG + CuS at reduced concentrations. The observed antimicrobial effect was solely attributed to a photodynamic effect and any photothermal effect was avoided to discard any potential thermal injury in a potential clinical application. The generation of reactive oxygen species upon near infrared-light irradiation for those photosensitizers used was measured either alone or in combination. The cytocompatibility of the proposed materials at the doses used in photodynamic therapy was also demonstrated in human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes by cell culturing and flow cytometry studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Garin
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
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Dalvi S, Benedicenti S, Hanna R. Is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy an effective treatment modality for aggressive periodontitis? A systematic review of in vivo human randomized controlled clinical trials. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102314. [PMID: 33932563 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limitations of scaling and root planing (SRP) have directed research to utilize additional therapies to enhance conventional techniques. The present systematic review was conducted to evaluate and present a comprehensive overview on effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the management of aggressive periodontitis (AgP). METHODOLOGY The PRISMA statement guidelines and Cochrane Collaboration recommendations were followed to conduct this systematic review. The review protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD 42019143316). A structured electronic and manual search strategy was implied to gather the relevant published data on in vivo human RCTs from their earliest records until 31st October 2019. Relevant data was extracted from the eligible studies, analysed and impartially appraised for its quality. RESULTS Eleven papers met the eligibility criteria and included in this review. The data on standardized study protocol, ideal photosensitizer (PS) dye-wavelength combination, optimal parameters was inconclusive and a high risk of bias in majority of the studies noted, which are fundamental in establishing a standardized and replicable protocol. CONCLUSION Ultimately researchers should conduct well-designed and robust RCTs performed by trained clinicians in order to determine the effectiveness of aPDT, if any, after acknowledging the drawbacks highlighted in this systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Dalvi
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Periodontology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Stefano Benedicenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Reem Hanna
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Oral Surgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Antimicrobial nanomedicine for ocular bacterial and fungal infection. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:1352-1375. [PMID: 33840082 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00966-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ocular infection induced by bacteria and fungi is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness. Topical administration of antibiotics remains the first-line treatment, as effective eradication of pathogens is the core of the anti-infection strategy. Whereas, eye drops lack efficiency and have relatively low bioavailability. Intraocular injection may cause concurrent ocular damage and secondary infection. In addition, antibiotic-based management can be limited by the low sensitivity to multidrug-resistant bacteria. Nanomedicine is proposed as a prospective, effective, and noninvasive platform to mediate ocular delivery and combat pathogen or even resistant strains. Nanomedicine can not only carry antimicrobial agents to fight against pathogens but also directly active microbicidal capability, killing pathogens. More importantly, by modification, nanomedicine can achieve enhanced residence time and release time on the cornea, and easy penetration through corneal tissues into anterior and posterior segments of the eye, thus improving the therapeutic effect for ocular infection. In this review, several categories of antimicrobial nanomedicine are systematically discussed, where the efficiency and possibility of further embellishment and improvement to adapt to clinical use are also investigated. All in all, novel antimicrobial nanomedicine provides potent and prospective ways to manage severe and refractory ocular infections.
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Optimization of treatment and prevention of generalized periodontal diseases with the use of transgingival photoactived disinfection. EUREKA: HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5679.2021.001614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to develop protocols for the treatment and prevention of generalized periodontal disease using a nozzle that designed for transgingival photosensitizer activation.
Methods. Analysis of available variants of irradiation nozzles for photoactivated disinfection. Circuit design and construction of authors’ irradiation nozzle for transgingival photosensitizer activation.
Results. Based on the analysis of data, there was developed a nozzle design that allows treating periodontium areas within 4-6 teeth, evenly distributes the required power of laser radiation, and can be used in hard-to-reach areas of the oral cavity. Based on the above calculations, a nozzle for transgingival photosensitizer activation was created (jointly with Fotonika Plus, PE). To optimize the PAD procedure, there was created a protocol of transgingival photoactivated disinfection to be applied at the stage of professional oral hygiene, using the created irradiation nozzle NOU-9 of authors’ design, and diode 2 W laser LIKA-surgeon with a wavelength of 660 nm. The result is the accelerated procedure of transgingival photoactivated disinfection.
Conclusions. The development of photoactivated disinfection technology allows supplementing the traditional treatment of generalized periodontal diseases. Studies of non-invasive, transgingival method of photosensitizer activation have recently become popular. This, in turn, carries a lower probability of cross-infection and less traumatization of periodontal tissues during the manipulation. The use of PAD cannot lead to resistance of the microflora in contrast to pharmacological antibacterial preparations. Carrying out PAD does not require any complex manual skills, the purchase of expensive equipment, provides an opportunity for widespread introduction of technology. The use of the therapeutic complex and protocols of PAD that were developed can significantly reduce the duration of the procedure, resulting in improved comfort for both the doctor and the patient. The NOU-9 irradiation nozzle allows reaching hard-to-reach areas of the oral cavity, distributing laser radiation efficiently and evenly on periodontal tissues. The LIKA-surgeon 2 W laser with a wavelength of 660 nm provides the operating parameters required to activate the photosensitizer. Due to low-intensity radiation, it is possible to enhance regenerative processes in the periodontium after traumatic intervention. Clinical studies on the antibacterial efficacy of the technology are ongoing
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Wadhwa A, Mallapragada S, Sharma P. Novel indocyanine green mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the management of chronic periodontitis - A randomized controlled clinico-microbiological pilot study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2021; 11:57-62. [PMID: 33344163 PMCID: PMC7736990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of scaling, root planing, antimicrobials, or antibiotics in the treatment of Chronic Periodontitis have proven beneficial in the past. The reduction in inflammatory markers and significant resolve in the clinical signs and symptoms and microbial loads evinced by a number of studies are a clear corroboration of the fact, but certain restraints utilizing these methods call for more effective ways of treating the disease. Later, lasers or photodynamic dyes used with the lasers like methylene blue or toluidine blue O have also not proven much efficacy and need further research. Hence the present pilot study is a step forward in this direction as it helps analyse the microbiological and clinical effects of indocyanine green antimicrobial photodynamic therapy an as adjunct to the non-surgical periodontal therapy in treating chronic periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS 30 patients diagnosed with generalized chronic periodontitis were treated with scaling and root planing alone - control sites; and indocyanine green antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in addition to scaling and root planing - experimental sites. 810 nm low level Gallium Aluminium Arsenide diode laser was used to activate the dye in the periodontal pockets of the experimental sites. Clinical parameters i.e. gingival index, plaque index, sulcus bleeding index, probing pocket depth and relative attachment level; and microbiological parameter i.e. the total viable anaerobic count were recorded at the inception and at 3- and 6-months post therapy. RESULTS Experimental sites showed significantly greater amelioration in all inquired clinical parameters and microbiological parameter at the end of 3- and 6-months of therapy. CONCLUSION While the gold standard scaling and root planing remains, clinicians may also contemplate using the indocyanine green mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to it. Also, it is a safer, cost effective, less arduous, and patient friendly means of treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siddharth Mallapragada
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Plot No. 32, 34, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Pallavi Sharma
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Plot No. 32, 34, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
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Fekrazad R, Khoei F, Bahador A, Hakimiha N. Comparison of different modes of photo-activated disinfection against Porphyromonas gingivalis: An in vitro study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:101951. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Qiu H, Zhu S, Pang L, Ma J, Liu Y, Du L, Wu Y, Jin Y. ICG-loaded photodynamic chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol composite nanofibers: Anti-resistant bacterial effect and improved healing of infected wounds. Int J Pharm 2020; 588:119797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Laser-Assisted aPDT Protocols in Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials in Dentistry: A Systematic Review. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:dj8030107. [PMID: 32971996 PMCID: PMC7558404 DOI: 10.3390/dj8030107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been proposed as an effective alternative method for the adjunctive treatment of all classes of oral infections. The multifactorial nature of its mechanism of action correlates with various influencing factors, involving parameters concerning both the photosensitizer and the light delivery system. This study aims to critically evaluate the recorded parameters of aPDT applications that use lasers as the light source in randomized clinical trials in dentistry. METHODS PubMed and Cochrane search engines were used to identify human clinical trials of aPDT therapy in dentistry. After applying specific keywords, additional filters, inclusion and exclusion criteria, the initial number of 7744 articles was reduced to 38. RESULTS Almost one-half of the articles presented incomplete parameters, whilst the others had different protocols, even with the same photosensitizer and for the same field of application. CONCLUSIONS No safe recommendation for aPDT protocols can be extrapolated for clinical use. Further research investigations should be performed with clear protocols, so that standardization for their potential dental applications can be achieved.
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Evaluation of combined efficacy of photodynamic therapy using indocyanine green photosensitizer and non-surgical periodontal therapy on clinical and microbial parameters in the management of chronic periodontitis subjects: A randomized split-mouth design. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101949. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Braz M, Salvador D, Gomes AT, Mesquita MQ, Faustino MAF, Neves MGP, Almeida A. Photodynamic inactivation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on skin using a porphyrinic formulation. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101754. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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17
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Shitomi K, Miyaji H, Miyata S, Sugaya T, Ushijima N, Akasaka T, Kawasaki H. Photodynamic inactivation of oral bacteria with silver nanoclusters/rose bengal nanocomposite. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101647. [PMID: 31904554 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.101647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (a-PDT) is a promising anti-infective technique for generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) to target dental disease. However, conventional organic photosensitizers have problems for clinical use in terms of cytotoxicity, quenching of a-PDT activity by self-dimerization, and the lack of long-term antibacterial effect. We herein propose silver nanoclusters/rose bengal nanocomposite (AgNCs/RB) as a novel photosensitizer with two primary antibacterial effects: (1) 1O2 generation by irradiated RB and (2) Ag+ ion release from AgNCs. AgNCs/RB irradiated with white light-emitting diode (LED) for a short irradiation time of 1 min significantly decreased the bacterial turbidity of Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (P < 0.05). In SEM, TEM and LIVE/DEAD staining images, photoexcited AgNCs/RB reduced S. mutans colonization, destroyed the cell membrane, and increased the number of dead cells. The antibacterial efficiency of photoexcited AgNCs/RB was greater than that of AgNCs or RB alone (P < 0.05), suggesting a synergistic effect of 1O2 and Ag+ ions from photoexcited AgNCs/RB. By contrast, photoexcited AgNCs/RB did not affect WST-8 and LDH activities and morphology of NIH3T3 mammalian cells, indicating low cytotoxicity. Interestingly, the antibacterial activity of AgNCs/RB on S. mutans was maintained even after the cessation of LED irradiation, indicating a long-term antibacterial effect due to released Ag+ ions. The present AgNCs/RB photosensitizers provide effective synergistic antibacterial effects for dental a-PDT via 1O2 and Ag+ ions coupled with low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Shitomi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyaji
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan.
| | - Saori Miyata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sugaya
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Natsumi Ushijima
- Support Section for Education and Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Akasaka
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Materials and Engineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8689, Japan.
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18
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Bidram E, Esmaeili Y, Ranji-Burachaloo H, Al-Zaubai N, Zarrabi A, Stewart A, Dunstan DE. A concise review on cancer treatment methods and delivery systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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19
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Qi M, Chi M, Sun X, Xie X, Weir MD, Oates TW, Zhou Y, Wang L, Bai Y, Xu HHK. Novel nanomaterial-based antibacterial photodynamic therapies to combat oral bacterial biofilms and infectious diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:6937-6956. [PMID: 31695368 PMCID: PMC6718167 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s212807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases such as tooth caries, periodontal diseases, endodontic infections, etc., are prevalent worldwide. The heavy burden of oral infectious diseases and their consequences on the patients' quality of life indicates a strong need for developing effective therapies. Advanced understandings of such oral diseases, e.g., inflammatory periodontal lesions, have raised the demand for antibacterial therapeutic strategies, because these diseases are caused by viruses and bacteria. The application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on oral infectious diseases has attracted tremendous interest in the past decade. However, aPDT had a minimal effect on the viability of organized biofilms due to the hydrophobic nature of the majority of the photosensitizers (PSs). Therefore, novel nanotechnologies were rapidly developed to target the delivery of hydrophobic PSs into microorganisms for the antimicrobial performance improvement of aPDT. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art of nanomaterials applications in aPDT against oral infectious diseases. The first part of this article focuses on the cutting-edge research on the synthesis, toxicity, and therapeutic effects of various forms of nanomaterials serving as PS carriers for aPDT applications. The second part discusses nanomaterials applications for aPDT in treatments of oral diseases. These novel bioactive nanomaterials have demonstrated great potential to serve as carriers for PSs to substantially enhance the PDT therapeutic effects. Furthermore, the novel aPDT applications not only have exciting therapeutic potential to inhibit bacterial plaque-initiated oral diseases, but also have a wide applicability to other biomedical and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlin Qi
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minghan Chi
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianju Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD21201, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD21201, USA
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD21201, USA
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD21201, USA
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hockin HK Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD21201, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201, USA
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201, USA
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Trevisan E, Menegazzi R, Zabucchi G, Troian B, Prato S, Vita F, Rapozzi V, Grandolfo M, Borelli V. Effect of methylene blue photodynamic therapy on human neutrophil functional responses. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 199:111605. [PMID: 31473428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become an emerging novel therapeutic approach for treating localized microbial infections, particularly those sustained by multidrug-resistant strains. Given the irreplaceable role played by professional phagocytes in limiting infections, such as polymorphonuclear neutrophils, any newly designed antimicrobial therapeutic approach must not interfere with their function. The present investigation presents a detailed analysis of the effect of PDT on the viability and several functional responses of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils loaded with methylene blue (MB), one of the more commonly used photosensitizers in antimicrobial PDT. Taking advantage of the use of a specifically-designed optical LED array for illuminating MB-loaded human polymorphonuclear neutrophils, a number of cell functions have been assayed under miniaturized, strictly controlled and reproducible experimental conditions. The major findings of this study are the following: (1) MB-PDT increases human neutrophils adhesion and does not modify myeloperoxidase release; (2) MB-PDT markedly enhances reactive oxygen species generation that is independent of superoxide-forming phagocytic oxidase and very likely ascribable to LED-dependent excitation of accumulated methylene blue; (3) MB-PDT almost abolishes human neutrophils candidacidal activity by hindering the engulfing machinery. This in vitro study may represent a valuable reference point for future research on PDT applications for treating localized microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Trevisan
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Renzo Menegazzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Giuliano Zabucchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Barbara Troian
- A.P.E. Research Srl, Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34012, Italy.
| | - Stefano Prato
- A.P.E. Research Srl, Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34012, Italy.
| | - Francesca Vita
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Valentina Rapozzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Micaela Grandolfo
- International School for Advenced Studies, Neurobiology sector, Via Bonomea, 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Violetta Borelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy.
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Wu Q, Xia N, Long D, Tan L, Rao W, Yu J, Fu C, Ren X, Li H, Gou L, Liang P, Ren J, Li L, Meng X. Dual-Functional Supernanoparticles with Microwave Dynamic Therapy and Microwave Thermal Therapy. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:5277-5286. [PMID: 31331173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by photoactivated sensitizers have been well explored in tumor therapy for nearly half a century, which is known as photodynamic therapy (PDT). The poor light penetration depth severely hinders PDT as a primary or adjuvant therapy for clinical indication. Whereas microwaves (MWs) are advantageous for deep penetration depth, the MW energy is considerably lower than that required for the activation of any species to induce ROS generation. Herein we find that liquid metal (LM) supernanoparticles activated by MW irradiation can generate ROS, such as ·OH and ·O2. On this basis, we design dual-functional supernanoparticles by loading LMs and an MW heating sensitizer ionic liquid (IL) into mesoporous ZrO2 nanoparticles, which can be activated by MW as the sole energy source for dynamic and thermal therapy concomitantly. The microwave sensitizer opens the door to an entirely novel dynamic treatment for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Na Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Dan Long
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Longfei Tan
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Rao
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing 100853 China
| | - Changhui Fu
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Xiangling Ren
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science & Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 10081 China
| | - Li Gou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing 100853 China
| | - Jun Ren
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Laifeng Li
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Xianwei Meng
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
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Hill G, Dehn C, Hinze AV, Frentzen M, Meister J. Indocyanine green-based adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 26:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Utilisation of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunctive tool for open flap debridement in the management of chronic periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 25:440-447. [PMID: 30684674 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has proved to be an effective adjunctive modality with potential benefits in the management of chronic periodontitis. The combination of photothermal and photodynamic effects of Indocyanine green (ICG) dye, when it is photoactivated with a diode laser of 810 nm wavelength, has been well documented in literature. AIM This study was conducted to evaluate whether a single session of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using ICG dye-810 nm diode laser combination can provide a substantial benefit when it is utilised as an adjunct to open flap debridement (OFD) in the management of chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHOD Following thorough scaling and root planing, a comparative split mouth randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out on 20 recruited subjects who provided one test (OFD + aPDT) and one control site (OFD alone) each (total 40 treatment sites). The test group was subjected to a single episode of aPDT using ICG photosensitiser dye (1 mg/ml) activated with 810 nm diode laser. The laser was used in a continuous wave, non-contact mode at a power output of 100 mW applied for 30 s/spot (the total of 4 spots per tooth) and delivered by 400 μm fibre, to provide a fluence (energy density) value of 0.0125 J/cm² per spot and generate a total energy of 3 J. The following clinical parameters were assessed at baseline and 3 months: probing pocket depth (PPD), relative attachment level (RAL), relative gingival margin level (RGML), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and gingival bleeding index (GBI). Intragroup and intergroup comparison was performed using paired t-test and independent samples t-test respectively. RESULTS Intragroup comparison revealed a statistically significant improvement from baseline visit (p < 0.05). Intergroup comparison showed a statistically significant improvement in RAL, RGML and GI in the test group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Utilisation of ICG dye activated with 810 nm diode laser, which mediated aPDT, has demonstrated surplus clinical improvement following OFD in the management of chronic periodontitis.
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Mohammad-Hadi L, MacRobert AJ, Loizidou M, Yaghini E. Photodynamic therapy in 3D cancer models and the utilisation of nanodelivery systems. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:1570-1581. [PMID: 29308480 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07739d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is the subject of considerable research in experimental cancer models mainly for the treatment of solid cancerous tumours. Recent studies on the use of nanoparticles as photosensitiser carriers have demonstrated improved PDT efficacy in experimental cancer therapy. Experiments typically employ conventional monolayer cell culture but there is increasing interest in testing PDT using three dimensional (3D) cancer models. 3D cancer models can better mimic in vivo models than 2D cultures by for example enabling cancer cell interactions with a surrounding extracellular matrix which should enable the treatment to be optimised prior to in vivo studies. The aim of this review is to discuss recent research using PDT in different types of 3D cancer models, from spheroids to nano-fibrous scaffolds, using a range of photosensitisers on their own or incorporated in nanoparticles and nanodelivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Mohammad-Hadi
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Department of Nanotechnology, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PE, UK.
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Fekrazad R, Khoei F, Bahador A, Hakimiha N. Photo-activated elimination of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in planktonic culture: Comparison of photodynamic therapy versus photothermal therapy method. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 19:28-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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26
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Meimandi M, Talebi Ardakani MR, Esmaeil Nejad A, Yousefnejad P, Saebi K, Tayeed MH. The Effect of Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis: A Review of Literature. J Lasers Med Sci 2017; 8:S7-S11. [PMID: 29263777 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2017.s2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic periodontitis is the most common periodontal disease which is related to the chronic accumulation of bacterial plaque. Since mechanical methods are not sufficient in the treatment of this disease, administration of local/systemic antibiotic is recommended following mechanical debridement. However, side effects of antibiotics such as microbial resistance and patient allergy led to development of alternative methods. One of these suggested methods is the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). PDT is a local noninvasive treatment modality without the side effects caused by antibiotics. The aim of this study was to review the articles related to the application of PDT with laser in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Review of literature: In the present review of literature, the authors used key words such as chronic periodontitis, laser and photodynamic therapy, and conducted a literature search via Google Scholar and PubMed for the period of 1990 to 2015. A total of 47 articles in English were found. The articles that were not associated with the topic of research and review articles were deleted and only clinical trials were evaluated. After reviewing 23 articles' abstracts, the full texts of 16 articles were analyzed. Conclusion: Considering the safety, the lack of side effects and general advantages like more patient compliance, the PDT treatment with scaling and root planing (SRP) is recommended as an efficient adjunctive modality for the treatment of localized chronic periodontitis especially during the maintenance phase in non-surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Meimandi
- Periodontics Department, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Azadeh Esmaeil Nejad
- Periodontics Department, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Hossein Tayeed
- Dental Student, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Beltes C, Economides N, Sakkas H, Papadopoulou C, Lambrianidis T. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Using Indocyanine Green and Near-Infrared Diode Laser AgainstEnterococcus faecalisin Infected Human Root Canals. Photomed Laser Surg 2017; 35:264-269. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2016.4100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Charis Beltes
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Economides
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Hercules Sakkas
- Food, Water and Environmental Microbiology Group, Microbiology Department, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Chrissanthy Papadopoulou
- Food, Water and Environmental Microbiology Group, Microbiology Department, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Theodoros Lambrianidis
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Miyata S, Miyaji H, Kawasaki H, Yamamoto M, Nishida E, Takita H, Akasaka T, Ushijima N, Iwanaga T, Sugaya T. Antimicrobial photodynamic activity and cytocompatibility of Au 25(Capt) 18 clusters photoexcited by blue LED light irradiation. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:2703-2716. [PMID: 28435253 PMCID: PMC5388257 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s131602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has beneficial effects in dental treatment. We applied captopril-protected gold (Au25(Capt)18) clusters as a novel photosensitizer for aPDT. Photoexcited Au clusters under light irradiation generated singlet oxygen (1O2). Accordingly, the antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of Au25(Capt)18 clusters under dental blue light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation were evaluated. 1O2 generation of Au25(Capt)18 clusters under blue LED irradiation (420–460 nm) was detected by a methotrexate (MTX) probe. The antimicrobial effects of photoexcited Au clusters (0, 5, 50, and 500 μg/mL) on oral bacterial cells, such as Streptococcus mutans, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, were assessed by morphological observations and bacterial growth experiments. Cytotoxicity testing of Au clusters and blue LED irradiation was then performed against NIH3T3 and MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, the biological performance of Au clusters (500 μg/mL) was compared to an organic dye photosensitizer, methylene blue (MB; 10 and 100 μg/mL). We confirmed the 1O2 generation ability of Au25(Capt)18 clusters through the fluorescence spectra of oxidized MTX. Successful application of photoexcited Au clusters to aPDT was demonstrated by dose-dependent decreases in the turbidity of oral bacterial cells. Morphological observation revealed that application of Au clusters stimulated destruction of bacterial cell walls and inhibited biofilm formation. Aggregation of Au clusters around bacterial cells was fluorescently observed. However, photoexcited Au clusters did not negatively affect the adhesion, spreading, and proliferation of mammalian cells, particularly at lower doses. In addition, application of Au clusters demonstrated significantly better cytocompatibility compared to MB. We found that a combination of Au25(Capt)18 clusters and blue LED irradiation exhibited good antimicrobial effects through 1O2 generation and biosafe characteristics, which is desirable for aPDT in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Miyata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo
| | - Hirofumi Miyaji
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita-shi, Osaka
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita-shi, Osaka
| | - Erika Nishida
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo
| | - Hiroko Takita
- Support Section for Education and Research, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine
| | - Tsukasa Akasaka
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Materials and Engineering, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Natsumi Ushijima
- Support Section for Education and Research, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine
| | - Toshihiko Iwanaga
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sugaya
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo
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Valente NA, Mang T, Hatton M, Mikulski L, Andreana S. Effects of Two Diode Lasers With and Without Photosensitization on Contaminated Implant Surfaces: An Ex Vivo Study. Photomed Laser Surg 2017; 35:347-356. [PMID: 28253064 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2016.4247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this ex vivo study is to assess decontamination potential of two different diode laser wavelengths, with or without the aid of photodynamic therapy, on dental implant surfaces and to evaluate the harmful potential of temperature increase during laser irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred thirty-two machined sterile implants were placed into sterile porcine bone blocks with standardized coronal angular bony defects and inoculated with Streptococcus sanguinis. Four different treatment protocols were used: 810 or 980 nm laser, with or without photosensitization. Two nontreated control groups were used, one with samples coated with indocyanine green dye. Samples were rinsed and plated on agar plates for subsequent colony count. Irradiation was repeated without contamination at room temperature and in a 37°C water bath monitoring the temperature variation. RESULTS There is a statistically significant decontamination effect when the laser is used. Both wavelengths minimize contamination. There was modest improvement given by the photosensitization being more marked in the 810 nm groups, but was not statistically significant compared to laser only. A critical temperature increase was never observed when the sample was in a 37°C water bath. CONCLUSIONS The use of both diode laser wavelengths in implant surface decontamination was efficacious regardless of the use of photosensitization and without dangerous increase of temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Alberto Valente
- 1 Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, State University of New York at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine , Buffalo, New York
| | - Thomas Mang
- 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State University of New York at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine , Buffalo, New York
| | - Michael Hatton
- 3 Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine , Buffalo, New York
| | - Lynn Mikulski
- 3 Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine , Buffalo, New York
| | - Sebastiano Andreana
- 4 Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of New York at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine , Buffalo, New York
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Wainwright M, Maisch T, Nonell S, Plaetzer K, Almeida A, Tegos GP, Hamblin MR. Photoantimicrobials-are we afraid of the light? THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016; 17:e49-e55. [PMID: 27884621 PMCID: PMC5280084 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(16)30268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although conventional antimicrobial drugs have been viewed as miraculous cure-alls for the past 80 years, increasing antimicrobial drug resistance requires a major and rapid intervention. However, the development of novel but still conventional systemic antimicrobial agents, having only a single mode or site of action, will not alleviate the situation because it is probably only a matter of time until any such agents will also become ineffective. To continue to produce new agents based on this notion is unacceptable, and there is an increasing need for alternative approaches to the problem. By contrast, light-activated molecules called photoantimicrobials act locally via the in-situ production of highly reactive oxygen species, which simultaneously attack various biomolecular sites in the pathogenic target and therefore offer both multiple and variable sites of action. This non-specificity at the target circumvents conventional mechanisms of resistance and inhibits the development of resistance to the agents themselves. Photoantimicrobial therapy is safe and easy to implement and, unlike conventional agents, the activity spectrum of photoantimicrobials covers bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. However, clinical trials of these new, truly broad-spectrum, and minimally toxic agents have been few, and the funding for research and development is almost non-existent. Photoantimicrobials constitute one of the few ways forward through the morass of drug-resistant infectious disease and should be fully explored. In this Personal View, we raise awareness of the novel photoantimicrobial technologies that offer a viable alternative to conventional drugs in many relevant application fields, and could thus slow the pace of resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wainwright
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Tim Maisch
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kristjan Plaetzer
- Laboratory of Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms, Department of Materials Science and Physics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology, and Centre for Environmental and Marine (CESAM) Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - George P Tegos
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Beltes C, Sakkas H, Economides N, Papadopoulou C. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using Indocyanine green and near-infrared diode laser in reducing Entrerococcus faecalis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 17:5-8. [PMID: 27816623 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) has been suggested as an adjuvant method to eliminate facultative bacteria during root canal disinfection. The purpose of this preliminary in vitro study was to determine whether the light-activated antimicrobial agent, Indocyanine green (ICG), could be used as photosensitizer and kill Enterococcus faecalis strain under planktonic conditions when irradiated with near-infared (NIR) diode laser emitting in 810nm wavelength. METHODS Planktonic suspension containing Enterococcus faecalis strain was divided into nine experimental groups: (1) aPDT with ICG and laser (medium energy fluence), (2) aPDT with ICG and laser (high energy fluence), (3) only ICG without laser activation, (4) only laser emission without ICG (5) 2.5% Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as irrigant, (6) 2.5% NaOCl and aPDT with ICG and laser, (7) 2.0% Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) as irrigant (8) No treatment (positive control), (9) No bacterial biofilm growth (negative control). The samples were incubated for 7days and colony-forming units (CFUs) were determined to evaluate bacterial viability. RESULTS The microbiological test revealed that aPDT groups, regardless the overall power, showed significant lower mean log10 CFU levels, than groups 3, 4 and 7 (p<0.01). The irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl and the combination of PDT and NaOCl achieved total elimination of bacteria. CONCLUSION These preliminary in vitro findings imply that the combination of ICG and NIR diode laser may be a novel supplement in aPDT and provide better disinfection during endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis Beltes
- Department of Endodontology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Dentistry, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Hercules Sakkas
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Economides
- Department of Endodontology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Dentistry, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Chrissanthy Papadopoulou
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110, Greece.
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Comparison of antibacterial effect of photodynamic therapy using indocyanine green (Emundo) with 2% metronidazole and 2% chlorhexidine gel on Porphyromonas gingivalis (an in-vitro study). Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 15:28-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Effect of photodynamic therapy with two photosensitizers on Candida albicans. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 158:267-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Chiniforush N, Pourhajibagher M, Shahabi S, Bahador A. Clinical Approach of High Technology Techniques for Control and Elimination of Endodontic Microbiota. J Lasers Med Sci 2015; 6:139-50. [PMID: 26705458 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2015.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The main goal in endodontic treatment is to eradicate or at least reduce intraradicular microbial population to levels that are more compatible with periapical lesions healing process. Since endodontic infections are polymicrobial in nature, intraradicular survival of endodontic microbiota and their pathogenic properties are influenced by a combination of their virulence factors. The purpose of this article is to review the endodontic microbiota and their respective virulence attributes, as well as perform a literature review of the effects of disinfection procedures in the treatment of endodontic infections to gain best practices. Conventional technique for root canal preparation includes mechanical debridement and application of antimicrobial irrigants. Recently, laser irradiation has been used to enhance the results of root canal treatment through its thermal effect. To reduce thermal side effects, laser activated irrigation (LAI) and photon induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) were introduced. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) by photochemical reaction uses light at a specific wavelength to activate a nontoxic photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of oxygen to produce cytotoxic products. Different PSs are used in dentistry including methylene blue (MB), toluidine blue O (TBO), indocyanine green (ICG) and curcumin. Among different options, ICG could be the best choice due to its peak absorption at wavelength of 808 nm, which coincides with the commercial diode laser devices. Also, this wavelength has more penetration depth compared to other wavelengths used in aPDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Chiniforush
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry (LRCD), Dental Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Shahabi
- Dental Biomaterials Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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35
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Fekrazad R, Poorsattar Bejeh Mir A, Ghasemi Barghi V, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M. Eradication of C. albicans and T. rubrum with photoactivated indocyanine green, Citrus aurantifolia essential oil and fluconazole. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 12:289-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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