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Mori N. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging in predicting ductal carcinoma in situ upgrades. Clin Imaging 2024; 108:110091. [PMID: 38382418 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2024.110091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Mori
- Department of Radiology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, Akita 010-8543, Japan.
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Kayadibi Y, Deger E, Kurt SA, Ucar AK, Adaletli I, Ozturk T, Kocael CP, Velidedeoglu M, Icten GE. The Diagnostic Role of Shear Wave Elastography and Superb Microvascular Imaging in the Evaluation of Suspicious Microcalcifications. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2023; 42:2295-2306. [PMID: 37146224 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the role of superb microvascular imaging (SMI) and shear wave elastography (SWE) in the prediction of malignancy and invasiveness of isolated microcalcifications (MC) that can be visualized by ultrasonography (US). MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-seven women with MC, who were considered suspicious on mammography were evaluated. Only those lesions that could be visualized by US and presented as non-mass lesion were included. They were evaluated by B-mode US, SMI, and SWE before US-guided core-needle biopsy. B-mode US, SMI (vascular index (SMIvi)), and SWE (E-mean, E-ratio) findings were compared with histopathologic features. RESULTS Pathology confirmed 45 malignant (21 invasive and 24 in situ carcinomas) and 22 benign lesions. There was a statistically significant difference between malignant and benign groups in terms of size (P = .015), distortion (P = .028), cystic component (P < .001), E-mean (P < .001), E-ratio (P < .001), and SMIvi (P = .006). For differentiation of invasiveness E-mean (P = .002), E-ratio (P = .002), and SMIvi (P = .030) were statistically significant. According to ROC analysis E-mean (cut-off point at 38 kPa) was the most sensitive (78%) and the most specific (95%) value among four numeric parameters (size, SMI, E-mean, and E-ratio) with AUC = 0.895, PPV = 97%, and NPV = 68% in detecting malignancy. In the evaluation of invasiveness, the most sensitive (71.4%) method was SMI (cut-off point at 3.4) and the most specific (72%) method was E-mean (cut-off point at 91.5 kPa). CONCLUSION Our study shows that adding SWE and SMI to the sonographic evaluation of MC would be an advantage for US-guided biopsy. Including suspicious areas according to SMI and SWE in the sampling area can help target the invasive part of the lesion and avoid underestimation of core biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Kayadibi
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Radiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Enes Deger
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Radiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda Aladag Kurt
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Radiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Kalyoncu Ucar
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Radiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Adaletli
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Radiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tulin Ozturk
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Pinar Kocael
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Velidedeoglu
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gul Esen Icten
- Senology Research Institute, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zujic PV, Solocki-Matic T, Klaric K, Avirovic M. Non-enhancing malignant lesions of the breast: A case report and review of literature. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14498. [PMID: 36967981 PMCID: PMC10033750 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the elusive nature of invasive lobular carcinoma, mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging have their limitations in early detection. A 67-year-old woman presented for mammography and found retraction of breast parenchyma of the right breast. Magnetic resonance imaging and contrast mammography showed no contrast uptake in the region in question. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound were found to be superior for the detection of invasive lobular carcinoma, with a sensitivity of more than 90%. On ultrasound examination, invasive lobular carcinoma may occur only with posterior acoustic shadowing. On breast magnetic resonance imaging, it is commonly described as an irregular mass and less commonly as non-mass enhancement. An additional advantage of magnetic resonance imaging is the higher detection rate of multifocal, multicentric, and contralateral breast lesions. The reason for no contrast enhancement in this particular tumor before neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by enhancement after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is most likely at the molecular and histologic level and requires further investigation in similar cases.
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Characterization of the Tumor Microenvironment and the Biological Processes with a Role in Prostatic Tumorigenesis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071672. [PMID: 35884977 PMCID: PMC9313300 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate intratumoral heterogeneity, driven by epithelial−mesenchymal plasticity, contributes to the limited treatment response, and it is therefore necessary to use the biomarkers to improve patient prognostic survival. We aimed to characterize the tumor microenvironment (T lymphocyte infiltration, intratumoral CD34, and KI-67 expressions) by immunohistochemistry methods and to study the biological mechanisms (cell cycle, cell proliferation by adhesion glycoproteins, cell apoptosis) involved in the evolution of the prostate tumor process by flow-cytometry techniques. Our results showed that proliferative activity (S-phase) revealed statistically significant lower values of prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) reported at non-malignant adjacent cell samples (PCa 4.32 ± 4.91; BPH 2.35 ± 1.37 vs. C 10.23 ± 0.43, p < 0.01). Furthermore, 68% of BPH cases and 88% of patients with PCa had aneuploidy. Statistically increased values of cell proliferation (CD34+ CD61+) were observed in prostate adenocarcinoma and hyperplasia cases reported to non-malignant adjacent cell samples (PCa 28.79 ± 10.14; BPH 40.65 ± 11.88 vs. C 16.15 ± 2.58, p < 0.05). The CD42b+ cell population with a role in cell adhesion, and metastasis had a significantly increased value in PCa cases (38.39 ± 11.23) reported to controls (C 26.24 ± 0.62, p < 0.01). The intratumoral expression of CD34 showed a significantly increased pattern of PCa tissue samples reported to controls (PCa 26.12 ± 6.84 vs. C 1.50 ± 0.70, p < 0.01). Flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle, apoptosis, and adhesion glycoproteins with a critical role in tumoral cell proliferation, T cell infiltrations, Ki-67, and CD 34 expressions by IHC methods are recommended as techniques for the efficient means of measurement for adenocarcinoma and hyperplasia prostate tissue samples and should be explored in the future.
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Crook T, Leonard R, Mokbel K, Thompson A, Michell M, Page R, Vaid A, Mehrotra R, Ranade A, Limaye S, Patil D, Akolkar D, Datta V, Fulmali P, Apurwa S, Schuster S, Srinivasan A, Datar R. Accurate Screening for Early-Stage Breast Cancer by Detection and Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3341. [PMID: 35884402 PMCID: PMC9316476 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early detection of breast cancer (BrC) is associated with improved survival. We describe a blood-based breast cancer detection test based on functional enrichment of breast-adenocarcinoma-associated circulating tumor cells (BrAD-CTCs) and their identification via multiplexed fluorescence immunocytochemistry (ICC) profiling for GCDFP15, GATA3, EpCAM, PanCK, and CD45 status. METHODS The ability of the test to differentiate BrC cases (N = 548) from healthy women (N = 9632) was evaluated in a case-control clinical study. The ability of the test to differentiate BrC cases from those with benign breast conditions was evaluated in a prospective clinical study of women (N = 141) suspected of BrC. RESULTS The test accurately detects BrAD-CTCs in breast cancers, irrespective of age, ethnicity, disease stage, grade, or hormone receptor status. Analytical validation established the high accuracy and reliability of the test under intended use conditions. The test detects and differentiates BrC cases from healthy women with 100% specificity and 92.07% overall sensitivity in a case-control study. In a prospective clinical study, the test shows 93.1% specificity and 94.64% overall sensitivity in differentiating breast cancer cases (N = 112) from benign breast conditions (N = 29). CONCLUSION The findings reported in this manuscript support the clinical potential of this test for blood-based BrC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Crook
- Department of Oncology, The London Clinic, London W1G 6BW, UK
| | - Robert Leonard
- Department of Oncology, Cromwell Hospital, London SW5 0TU, UK;
| | - Kefah Mokbel
- The London Breast Institute, Princess Grace Hospital, London W1U 5NY, UK;
| | - Alastair Thompson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Michael Michell
- National Breast Screening Training Centre, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK;
| | - Raymond Page
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA;
| | - Ashok Vaid
- Department of Medical and Haemato Oncology, Medanta-The Medicity, Gurugram 122001, India;
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | | | - Sewanti Limaye
- Department of Medical and Precision Oncology, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai 400004, India;
| | - Darshana Patil
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics, Nasik 422010, India; (D.P.); (D.A.); (V.D.); (P.F.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (R.D.)
| | - Dadasaheb Akolkar
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics, Nasik 422010, India; (D.P.); (D.A.); (V.D.); (P.F.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (R.D.)
| | - Vineet Datta
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics, Nasik 422010, India; (D.P.); (D.A.); (V.D.); (P.F.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (R.D.)
| | - Pradip Fulmali
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics, Nasik 422010, India; (D.P.); (D.A.); (V.D.); (P.F.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (R.D.)
| | - Sachin Apurwa
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics, Nasik 422010, India; (D.P.); (D.A.); (V.D.); (P.F.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (R.D.)
| | - Stefan Schuster
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics Europe GmbH, 95488 Eckersdorf, Germany;
| | - Ajay Srinivasan
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics, Nasik 422010, India; (D.P.); (D.A.); (V.D.); (P.F.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (R.D.)
| | - Rajan Datar
- Department of Research and Innovations, Datar Cancer Genetics, Nasik 422010, India; (D.P.); (D.A.); (V.D.); (P.F.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (R.D.)
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Lin L, Wang LV. The emerging role of photoacoustic imaging in clinical oncology. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:365-384. [PMID: 35322236 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clinical oncology can benefit substantially from imaging technologies that reveal physiological characteristics with multiscale observations. Complementing conventional imaging modalities, photoacoustic imaging (PAI) offers rapid imaging (for example, cross-sectional imaging in real time or whole-breast scanning in 10-15 s), scalably high levels of spatial resolution, safe operation and adaptable configurations. Most importantly, this novel imaging modality provides informative optical contrast that reveals details on anatomical, functional, molecular and histological features. In this Review, we describe the current state of development of PAI and the emerging roles of this technology in cancer screening, diagnosis and therapy. We comment on the performance of cutting-edge photoacoustic platforms, and discuss their clinical applications and utility in various clinical studies. Notably, the clinical translation of PAI is accelerating in the areas of macroscopic and mesoscopic imaging for patients with breast or skin cancers, as well as in microscopic imaging for histopathology. We also highlight the potential of future developments in technological capabilities and their clinical implications, which we anticipate will lead to PAI becoming a desirable and widely used imaging modality in oncological research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Lihong V Wang
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. .,Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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Gu J, Ternifi R, Sabeti S, Larson NB, Carter JM, Fazzio RT, Fatemi M, Alizad A. Volumetric imaging and morphometric analysis of breast tumor angiogenesis using a new contrast-free ultrasound technique: a feasibility study. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:85. [PMID: 36451243 PMCID: PMC9710093 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01583-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a strong correlation between the morphological features of new tumor vessels and malignancy. However, angiogenic heterogeneity necessitates 3D microvascular data of tumor microvessels for more reliable quantification. To provide more accurate information regarding vessel morphological features and improve breast lesion characterization, we introduced a quantitative 3D high-definition microvasculature imaging (q3D-HDMI) as a new easily applicable and robust tool to morphologically characterize microvasculature networks in breast tumors using a contrast-free ultrasound-based imaging approach. METHODS In this prospective study, from January 2020 through December 2021, a newly developed q3D-HDMI technique was evaluated on participants with ultrasound-identified suspicious breast lesions recommended for core needle biopsy. The morphological features of breast tumor microvessels were extracted from the q3D-HDMI. Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) was applied to test the combined diagnostic performance of multiple morphological parameters of breast tumor microvessels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the prediction performance of the generated pooled model. RESULTS Ninety-three participants (mean age 52 ± 17 years, 91 women) with 93 breast lesions were studied. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) generated with q3D-HDMI was 95.8% (95% CI 0.901-1.000), yielding a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 98.2%, that was significantly higher than the AUC generated with the q2D-HDMI (p = 0.02). When compared to q2D-HDMI, the tumor microvessel morphological parameters obtained from q3D-HDMI provides distinctive information that increases accuracy in differentiating breast tumors. CONCLUSIONS The proposed quantitative volumetric imaging technique augments conventional breast ultrasound evaluation by increasing specificity in differentiating malignant from benign breast masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Gu
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Redouane Ternifi
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Soroosh Sabeti
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Nicholas B. Larson
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Jodi M. Carter
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Robert T. Fazzio
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 1St Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Mostafa Fatemi
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Azra Alizad
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN USA ,grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 1St Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
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D’Andrea MR, Cereda V, Coppola L, Giordano G, Remo A, De Santis E. Propensity for Early Metastatic Spread in Breast Cancer: Role of Tumor Vascularization Features and Tumor Immune Infiltrate. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235917. [PMID: 34885027 PMCID: PMC8657227 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex and highly heterogeneous disease consisting of various subtypes. It is classified into human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER-2)-enriched, luminal A, luminal B and basal-like/triple negative (TNBC) breast cancer, based on histological and molecular features. At present, clinical decision-making in breast cancer is focused only on the assessment of tumor cells; nevertheless, it has been recognized that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical biologic role in breast cancer. This is constituted by a large group of immune and non-immune cells, but also by non-cellular components, such as several cytokines. TME is deeply involved in angiogenesis, immune-evasion strategies, and propensity for early metastatic spread, impacting on prognosis and prediction of response to specific treatments. In this review, we focused our attention on the early morphological changes of tumor microenvironment (tumor vasculature features, presence of immune and non-immune cells infiltrating the stroma, levels of cytokines) during breast cancer development. At the same time, we correlate these characteristics with early metastatic propensity (defined as synchronous metastasis or early recurrence) with particular attention to breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rosario D’Andrea
- Clinical Oncology Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Largo Donatori del Sangue 1, Civitavecchia, 00053 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vittore Cereda
- Clinical Oncology Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Largo Donatori del Sangue 1, Civitavecchia, 00053 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-07-6659-1230
| | - Luigi Coppola
- Unit of Anatomy, Pathological Histology and Diagnostic Cytology, Department of Diagnostic and Pharma-Ceutical Services, Sandro Pertini Hospital, 00157 Rome, Italy;
| | - Guido Giordano
- Unit of Medical Oncology and Biomolecular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Policlinico Riuniti, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Andrea Remo
- Pathology Unit, Mater Salutis Hospital, ULSS9, Legnago, 37045 Verona, Italy;
| | - Elena De Santis
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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Correlation between peripheral blood neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and CD34 expression in prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:900. [PMID: 32962642 PMCID: PMC7510314 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds The association of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and CD34 expression level with PSA level, Gleason score, and clinical stage was investigated in patients with prostate cancer. The correlation between NLR and CD34 expression was also investigated to provide evidence supporting the use of NLR for predicting the prognosis of prostate cancer patients. Methods Clinical data of 75 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer by prostate aspiration biopsy were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation between NLR, CD34 expression, and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed using the χ2 test and one-way analysis of variance. The correlation between NLR and CD34 was determined using the Pearson coefficient. Disease free survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results Both NLR and CD34 expression were significantly positively correlated with PSA, Gleason score, and clinical stage (P < 0.05 both). Patients in the NLRHigh/CD34High group were characterized by high PSA level and Gleason score and late clinical stage. NLR was positively correlated with CD34 expression (r = 0.529, P < 0.001). Conclusions Pretreatment NLR was a valuable marker of prognosis in prostate cancer. NLR is positively correlated with CD34 expression.
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10
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Mittal S, Brown NJ, Holen I. The breast tumor microenvironment: role in cancer development, progression and response to therapy. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 18:227-243. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1439382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suruchi Mittal
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Nicola J. Brown
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Ingunn Holen
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, UK
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Kaushik S, Pickup MW, Weaver VM. From transformation to metastasis: deconstructing the extracellular matrix in breast cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2016; 35:655-667. [PMID: 27914000 PMCID: PMC5215979 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-016-9650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a guiding force that regulates various developmental stages of the breast. In addition to providing structural support for the cells, it mediates epithelial-stromal communication and provides cues for cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Perturbations in ECM architecture profoundly influence breast tumor progression and metastasis. Understanding how a dysregulated ECM can facilitate malignant transformation is crucial to designing treatments to effectively target the tumor microenvironment. Here, we address the contribution of ECM mechanics to breast cancer progression, metastasis, and treatment resistance and discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Kaushik
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael W Pickup
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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12
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Nakamiya N, Ueda S, Shigekawa T, Takeuchi H, Sano H, Hirokawa E, Shimada H, Suzuki H, Oda M, Osaki A, Saeki T. Clinicopathological and prognostic impact of imaging of breast cancer angiogenesis and hypoxia using diffuse optical spectroscopy. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:833-9. [PMID: 24766271 PMCID: PMC4317930 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) imaging can non-invasively measure tumor hemoglobin concentration using high contrast to normal tissue, thus providing vascularity and oxygenation status. We assessed the clinical usefulness of DOS imaging in primary breast cancer. In all, 118 women with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of primary malignant tumor were enrolled. All participants underwent testing using time-resolved DOS before treatment initiation. Visual assessment of DOS imaging for detecting tumors was carried out by two readers blinded to the clinical data. Relative total hemoglobin (rtHb) and oxygen saturation (stO2 ) of the tumors was compared with clinicopathological variables and 10-year prognosis was calculated. Sensitivity for detecting a tumor based on the rtHb breast map was 62.7% (74/118). The sensitivity depended on T stage: 100% (7/7) for T3, 78.9% (45/57) for T2, 44.7% (17/38) for T1, and 31.3% (5/16) for Tis . Tumors showed unique features of higher rtHb with a wider range of stO2 than normal breast tissue, depending on histological type. There was a significant correlation of rtHb with tumor size, lymphatic vascular invasion, and histological grade, and of stO2 with age and tumor size. Neither rtHb nor stO2 correlated with intrinsic biomarkers such as estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; rtHb inversely correlated with 10-year relapse-free survival and overall survival, with statistical significance. Diffuse optical spectroscopy imaging has limited utility for the early detection of breast cancer; nonetheless, the findings suggest that the degree of tumor angiogenesis and hypoxia may be associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Nakamiya
- Department of Breast Oncology, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama
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Adler EH, Sunkara JL, Patchefsky AS, Koss LG, Oktay MH. Predictors of disease progression in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast and vascular patterns. Hum Pathol 2011; 43:550-6. [PMID: 21925705 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast carcinoma-induced angiogenesis helps meet growing metabolic needs of tumors and progressively increases with malignant transformation of benign ducts to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive carcinoma. There are conflicting data regarding the difference in angiogenesis in low-, intermediate-, and high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ. If angiogenesis is related to ductal carcinoma in situ progression, the types of ductal carcinoma in situ with more aggressive biologic potential would have different vascular patterns than the less aggressive ones. In this study, we classified 51 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ as low (10-20 years to progression to invasive carcinoma), moderate, or high aggressive (2-5 years to progression to invasive carcinoma), based on criteria outlined by Tsikitis and Chung (Am J Clin Oncol 2006; 29:305), which takes into account nuclear grade, mitotic rate, Ki-67, Her2Neu, P53, estrogen, and progesterone receptor expression. We correlated these 3 groups of ductal carcinoma in situ with the extent of periductal and stromal vascularity and the presence and type of vascular breaks. No association of aggressive biologic behavior of ductal carcinoma in situ with any vascular pattern was found. Moreover, no correlation was found between vascular patterns and classifiers of aggressiveness, microvascular density, or outcome (local recurrence, invasive carcinoma, or metastatic disease). To validate our cohort, we confirmed expected correlations of all measured parameters of aggressiveness by correlating them with each other. In summary, vascular patterns in ductal carcinoma in situ do not correlate with the predictors of aggressive behavior, suggesting that the biologic potential of ductal carcinoma in situ is independent of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther H Adler
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
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Truslow JG, Tien J. Perfusion systems that minimize vascular volume fraction in engineered tissues. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2011; 5:22201. [PMID: 21799708 PMCID: PMC3145227 DOI: 10.1063/1.3576926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study determines the optimal vascular designs for perfusing engineered tissues. Here, "optimal" describes a geometry that minimizes vascular volume fraction (the fractional volume of a tissue that is occupied by vessels) while maintaining oxygen concentration above a set threshold throughout the tissue. Computational modeling showed that optimal geometries depended on parameters that affected vascular fluid transport and oxygen consumption. Approximate analytical expressions predicted optima that agreed well with the results of modeling. Our results suggest one basis for comparing the effectiveness of designs for microvascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Truslow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington St., Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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15
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A distinct microvascular pattern accompanied by aggressive clinical course in breast carcinomas: a fact or a coincidence? Pathol Res Pract 2009; 206:93-7. [PMID: 19945801 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential relationship of microvascular growth patterns with survival in invasive breast carcinomas. Thirty-one invasive ductal carcinoma cases, followed up at least for 38 months, constituted our series. All cases had been studied for ER/PR and HER2/neu expression. Clinicopathological and survival data were obtained from the archives. Tissue sections from all cases were stained with CD34 antibody to highlight the microvascular network and to measure microvessel density (MVD). The cases were then classified according to the dominance of one of the five recognizable microvascular patterns. Cox proportional hazard regression model, Fisher's exact test, and multivariate general linear model (GLM) were used to uncover the effects of the variables, such as nodal status, distant metastasis, angiogenic patterns, and MVD, on survival. There was an association between only one of the microvascular patterns and aggressive clinical course. Increased blood-filled capillaries with some clustering in the tumor might be a predictor of aggressive biological behavior in invasive breast carcinomas. Similar studies investigating larger series are needed before a generalized conclusion can be made.
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El-Gohary YM, Metwally G, Saad RS, Robinson MJ, Mesko T, Poppiti RJ. Significance of periductal lymphatic and blood vascular densities in intraductal carcinoma of the breast. Breast J 2009; 15:261-7. [PMID: 19645781 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4741.2009.00715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the significance of periductal lymphatic and blood vascular densities in intraductal carcinomas (IDC) of the breast. Thirty five cases of pure IDC treated by partial or total mastectomy were reviewed. Seven cases with normal breast tissue and 48 cases of invasive breast carcinoma were included as controls. All cases were immunostained with D2-40 and CD31. Positively stained microvessels were counted in densely vascular/lymphatic foci (hot spots) at 400x (=0.17 mm(2)) in the periductal areas. IDC without comedonecrosis showed a mean periductal D2-40 lymphatic microvessel density (LMD) of 5.8 +/- 5 (range 0-18), and a CD31 microvessel density (MD) of 14 +/- 8.9 (range 1-40). IDC with comedonecrosis showed periductal D2-40 LMD of 8.4 +/- 3.8 (range 4-18), and a CD31 MD of 24.3 +/- 7.6 (range 14-40). There was a significant difference between periductal D2-40 LMD and CD31 MD counts in IDC with and without comedonecrosis. There was a positive correlation of periductal D2-40 LMD and CD31 MD counts with high nuclear grade (r = 0.39 and 0.56) of IDC as well as with the presence of comedonecrosis (r = 0.49 and 0.59). Both D2-40 LMD and CD31 MD did not correlate significantly with tumor size, estrogen status, or progesterone status. As IDC with comedonecrosis and/or high nuclear grade has a worse prognosis than IDC without comedonecrosis and/or with low nuclear grade, it appears that lymphatic and blood vascular density evaluated by D2-40 and CD31, respectively, are independent prognostic indicators for patients with IDC of the breast and may be an indicator of early or unrecognized invasion or "regression."
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser M El-Gohary
- The Arkadi M Rywlin Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33410, USA
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Carpenter PM, Chen WP, Mendez A, McLaren CE, Su MY. Angiogenesis in the progression of breast ductal proliferations. Int J Surg Pathol 2009; 19:335-41. [PMID: 19403546 DOI: 10.1177/1066896909333511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of blood vessels, is necessary for a tumor to grow, but when angiogenesis first appears in the progression of breast ductal carcinomas is unknown. To determine when this occurs, the authors examined microvessel density (MVD) by CD31 and CD105 immunostaining in normal ducts, 32 cases of usual hyperplasia, 19 cases of atypical hyperplasia, and 29 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Simple hyperplasia had a 22-fold greater MVD than normal ducts (P < .0001). An increase during the progression of ductal changes was highly significant (P < .0001). To determine a possible mechanism, immunohistochemistry for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was evaluated. VEGF staining intensity of ductal epithelium increased during the progression from normal to hyperplastic to DCIS. This study shows that the first significant increase in angiogenesis occurs very early in the evolution of ductal proliferations as ductal cells become hyperplastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Carpenter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Dr., Orange, CA 92868, USA.
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18
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Wiechmann L, Kuerer HM. The molecular journey from ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive breast cancer. Cancer 2008; 112:2130-42. [PMID: 18383519 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.23430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wiechmann
- Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Götte M, Kersting C, Radke I, Kiesel L, Wülfing P. An expression signature of syndecan-1 (CD138), E-cadherin and c-met is associated with factors of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in ductal breast carcinoma in situ. Breast Cancer Res 2007; 9:R8. [PMID: 17244359 PMCID: PMC1851383 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Revised: 11/27/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heparan sulphate proteoglycan syndecan-1 modulates cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and angiogenesis. It is a coreceptor for the hepatocyte growth factor receptor c-met, and its coexpression with E-cadherin is synchronously regulated during epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In breast cancer, changes in the expression of syndecan-1, E-cadherin and c-met correlate with poor prognosis. In this study we evaluated whether coexpression of these functionally linked prognostic markers constitutes an expression signature in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast that may promote cell proliferation and (lymph)angiogenesis. METHODS Expression of syndecan-1, E-cadherin and c-met was detected immunohistochemically using a tissue microarray in tumour specimens from 200 DCIS patients. Results were correlated with the expression patterns of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic markers. Coexpression of the three prognostic markers was evaluated in human breast cancer cells by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and RT-PCR. RESULTS Coexpression and membrane colocalization of the three markers was confirmed in MCF-7 cells. E-cadherin expression decreased, and c-met expression increased progressively in more aggressive cell lines. Tissue microarray analysis revealed strong positive staining of tumour cells for syndecan-1 in 72%, E-cadherin in 67.8% and c-met in 48.6% of DCIS. E-cadherin expression was significantly associated with c-met and syndecan-1. Expression of c-met and syndecan-1 was significantly more frequent in the subgroup of patients with pure DCIS than in those with DCIS and a coexisting invasive carcinoma. Levels of c-met and syndecan-1 expression were associated with HER2 expression. Expression of c-met significantly correlated with expression of endothelin A and B receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and fibroblast growth factor receptor-1, whereas E-cadherin expression correlated significantly with endothelin A receptor, VEGF-A and VEGF-C staining. CONCLUSION Syndecan-1, E-cadherin and c-met constitute a marker signature associated with angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors in DCIS. This coexpression may reflect a state of parallel activation of different signal transduction pathways, promoting tumour cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Our findings have implications for future therapeutic approaches in terms of a multiple target approach, which may be useful early in breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Götte
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Münster University Hospital, Domagkstrasse 11, Münster, D-48149, Germany
| | - Christian Kersting
- Department of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Domagkstrasse, Münster, D-48149, Germany
| | - Isabel Radke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Münster University Hospital, Domagkstrasse 11, Münster, D-48149, Germany
| | - Ludwig Kiesel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Münster University Hospital, Domagkstrasse 11, Münster, D-48149, Germany
| | - Pia Wülfing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Münster University Hospital, Domagkstrasse 11, Münster, D-48149, Germany
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Yang H, Liu GJ, Lu MD, Xu HX, Xie XY. Evaluation of the vascular architecture of hepatocellular carcinoma by micro flow imaging: pathologic correlation. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2007; 26:461-7. [PMID: 17384043 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2007.26.4.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate micro flow imaging (MFI) in depicting the vascular architecture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the correlation between pathologic differentiation and the intratumoral vascular architecture pattern. METHODS Micro flow imaging and contrast harmonic imaging (CHI) were performed in 37 patients with HCC. A sulfur hexafluoride-filled microbubble contrast agent was used. The enhancement level and intratumoral vessels were evaluated on CHI. The vascular architecture of each tumor was evaluated on MFI. Pathologic differentiation of the tumors was classified according to the Edmondson grading system. RESULTS All 37 HCCs showed hyperenhancement in the arterial phase and hypoenhancement in the portal and late phases on CHI. Intratumoral vessels in the arterial phase were visualized in 20 (54.1%) HCCs. On MFI, the vascular architecture in all lesions was clearly delineated and categorized into 3 patterns: cotton, shrubbery, and deadwood, identified in 12 (32.4%), 22 (59.5%), and 3 (8.1%) of the tumors evaluated, respectively. A chi(2) test showed that pathologic differentiation significantly correlated to the vascular pattern (P = .006). Three (75%) of 4 Edmondson grade I HCCs showed the cotton pattern; 18 (75.0%) of 24 Edmondson grade II HCCs showed the shrubbery pattern; and the deadwood pattern was shown only in Edmondson grade III and IV HCCs. CONCLUSIONS The MFI technique is more effective in depicting the intratumoral vascular architecture. The vascular architecture pattern correlates with pathologic differentiation of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Departments of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Wülfing P, Kersting C, Buerger H, Mattsson B, Mesters R, Gustmann C, Hinrichs B, Tio J, Böcker W, Kiesel L. Expression patterns of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors in ductal breast carcinoma in situ. Br J Cancer 2005; 92:1720-8. [PMID: 15841074 PMCID: PMC2362056 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate expression of various growth factors associated with angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and of their receptors in ductal carcinomas in situ of the breast (DCIS). We studied protein expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, endothelin (ET)-1, and VEGF-C, and their receptors bFGF-R1, Flt-1, KDR, ETAR, ETBR, and Flt-4 immunohistochemically in 200 DCIS (pure DCIS: n=96; DCIS adjacent to an invasive component: n=104) using self-constructed tissue microarrays. Basic fibroblast growth factor-R1, VEGF-C, Flt-4, and ETAR were expressed in the tumour cells in the majority of cases, whereas bFGF and Flt-1 expression was rarely observed. VEGF-A, KDR, ET-1, and ETBR were variably expressed. The findings of VEGF-C and its receptor Flt-4 as lymphangiogenic factors being expressed in tumour cells of nearly all DCIS lesions and the observed expression of various angiogenic growth factors in most DCIS suggest that in situ carcinomas are capable of inducing angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Moreover, we found a higher angiogenic activity in pure DCIS as compared to DCIS with concomitant invasive carcinoma. This association of angiogenic factors with pure DCIS was considerably more pronounced in the subgroup of non-high-grade DCIS (n=103) as compared with high-grade DCIS (n=94). Determination of these angiogenic markers may therefore facilitate discrimination between biologically different subgroups of DCIS and could help to identify a particularly angiogenic subset with a potentially higher probability of recurrence or of progression to invasiveness. For these DCIS, targeting angiogenesis may represent a feasible therapeutic approach for prevention of progression of DCIS to invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wülfing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 33, 48129 Münster, Germany.
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Rmali KA, Watkins G, Harrison G, Parr C, Puntis MCA, Jiang WG. Tumour endothelial marker 8 (TEM-8) in human colon cancer and its association with tumour progression. Eur J Surg Oncol 2005; 30:948-53. [PMID: 15498639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2004.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Tumour endothelial marker-8 (TEM-8) is endothelial cell surface marker that may be specific to tumour endothelial cells. This study examined the role of TEM-8 in human colon cancer and its correlation with tumour prognosis. METHODOLOGY Specimens of colorectal tissue (normal and cancer) were stained immunohistochemically with an anti-TEM-8 antibody, newly developed in our laboratory, and with anti-vonWillebrand Factor antibody. RNA was extracted from frozen sections for gene amplification. The anti-TEM-8 antibody specificity tested by using slot blotting with irrelevant antibody, and western blotting with different cell lines. The expression of TEM-8 was assessed using RT-PCR, and the level of TEM-8 was quantified using real-time-quantitative PCR (Q-RT-PCR). RESULTS TEM-8 staining was primarily seen in endothelial cells. TEM-8 identified more micro-vessels in colon tumour tissue, than in normal colon tissues, (p=0.002). Whereas, fewer vessels were stained positive for TEM-8 in normal tissues stained positive for vonWillebrand Factor (factor-8), (p=0.008). Malignant cells in tumour tissues were found to be stained strongly positive for TEM-8 compared with the epithelial cells in normal colon tissues. The level of TEM-8 expression was significantly higher in the tumour tissues compared to the normal colon mucosa (p=0.001). TEM-8 mRNA expression was also found to be more elevated in patients with advanced tumour, Dukes C (Dukes A vs. Dukes C, p=0.01). CONCLUSION TEM-8 is a marker that identifies tumour associated micro-vessels in colon cancer. The levels of expression of TEM-8 in invasive colon cancer are linked to disease progression. This suggests that TEM-8 has significant prognostic and therapeutic values in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Rmali
- Metastasis and Angiogenesis Research Group, University Department of Surgery, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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Bian XW, Chen JH, Jiang XF, Bai JS, Wang QL, Zhang X. Angiogenesis as an immunopharmacologic target in inflammation and cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2004; 4:1537-47. [PMID: 15351323 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2004.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2004] [Revised: 07/10/2004] [Accepted: 07/14/2004] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many pathological processes including wound healing, chronic inflammation and cancer require angiogenesis, i.e., the formation of new vasculature in the lesions. Accumulating evidence indicates that angiogenesis is crucial for both chronic inflammation and the growth of malignant tumors with the participation of diverse cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. It is nevertheless believed that differences exist in angiogenesis between cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases. The aim of this review is to outline the characteristics of angiogenesis in chronic inflammation and cancer. A better understanding of the angiogenic processes may facilitate the design of more effective therapies for chronic inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR of China.
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Cao Y, Paner GP, Kahn LB, Rajan PB. Noninvasive Carcinoma of the Breast: Angiogenesis and Cell Proliferation. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2004; 128:893-6. [PMID: 15270612 DOI: 10.5858/2004-128-893-ncotba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Context.—Angiogenesis and the cell proliferation index can predict the prognosis of invasive breast carcinoma; however, little is known of their roles in noninvasive tumor.
Objective.—To investigate the correlation of microvessel density and cell proliferation index with other histologic parameters (histologic type, nuclear grade, and mitotic count) in 65 cases of noninvasive carcinoma of the breast.
Design.—Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 65 cases of carcinoma in situ of the breast were immunostained with antibody against factor VIII antigen and proliferation-associated nuclear antigen MIB-1. The microvessel density was measured by counting the total number of microvessels around the carcinoma in situ per 10 low-power microscopic fields. The cell proliferation index was calculated by counting MIB-1–positive nuclei in 100 tumor cells. A χ2 test and Spearman rank correlation test were used for statistical analysis.
Results.—The microvessel density and cell proliferation index of comedo-type, high-nuclear-grade ductal carcinomas in situ are significantly higher than those of either noncomedo type ductal carcinomas in situ or lobular carcinoma in situ (P < .001).
Conclusions.—Angiogenesis and the cell proliferation index are active biological processes and may be considered as markers to separate low- and high-risk patients with noninvasive breast carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cao
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, Ill 60153, USA
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Davies G, Cunnick GH, Mansel RE, Mason MD, Jiang WG. Levels of expression of endothelial markers specific to tumour-associated endothelial cells and their correlation with prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 2004; 21:31-7. [PMID: 15065600 DOI: 10.1023/b:clin.0000017168.83616.d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumour endothelial markers (TEMs) are a newly discovered family of endothelial markers associated with tumour specific angiogenesis. This study sought to examine the levels of expression for TEMs in human breast cancer. Breast cancer tissues (n = 120) together with normal background tissues (n = 33) were obtained after surgery. RNA was extracted from frozen sections for gene amplification. The expression of TEMs was assessed using RT-PCR and the quantity of their transcripts was determined using real-time-quantitative PCR (Q-RT-PCR). TEM-7R (P = 0.05) and TEM-8 (P < 0.01) were significantly raised in breast cancer tissues compared with the levels detected in normal background tissues. After a median follow-up of 72.2 months it was found that patients who had recurrent disease and/or who had died from breast cancer had a significantly (P < 0.05) elevated level of TEM-1 compared to those patients who were disease free. In addition, elevated levels of TEM-4, TEM-5, TEM-6, TEM-7 and TEM-7R were also raised in breast cancer tissues. Patients who had developed nodal involvement exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) high levels of TEM-1 and TEM-7R compared to patients who were node negative. Furthermore, the levels of TEMs did not correlate with tumour or histological grade. We conclude that elevated levels of TEM-1, TEM-7R and TEM-8 (but not TEM-2, 4, 5, 6 and 7) are associated with either nodal involvement, and/or disease progression, and may therefore, have a prognostic value in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaynor Davies
- Metastasis Research Group, University Department of Surgery, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
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Kayser G, Baumhäkel JD, Szöke T, Trojan I, Riede U, Werner M, Kayser K. Vascular diffusion density and survival of patients with primary lung carcinomas. Virchows Arch 2003; 442:462-7. [PMID: 12684769 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-003-0791-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2002] [Accepted: 02/07/2003] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the clinical significance of tumour vascularisation in operated lung cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Histological slides obtained from 498 patients with potentially curative operated lung carcinomas in two different institutions of thoracic surgery were immunohistochemically stained with an anti-CD34 antibody and subjected to quantitative image analysis. Syntactic structure analysis measured the absolute and relative features of vessels, including the numerical tumour cells densities relative to their nearest neighbouring vessel. These data are associated with tumour volume, post-surgical TNM stage, and each patient's survival. RESULTS The clinical data, including sex distribution, age of patients, pTNM stages and survival, did not differ between the two institutions. The tumour vascularisation (volume fraction, Vv) amounted to 7% in lung carcinomas, was independent from cell type and increased in advanced tumour stages (pT4, pN3). Advanced tumour stages presented with a higher numerical vascular density and with maintained minimum diameter and circumference of vessels. Each patient's survival was closely associated with the pN stage, tumour volume, cell type and numerical density of tumour cells within a distance less than 20 micro m from the nearest neighbouring vessel due to multivariate statistical analysis. CONCLUSION Vascularisation of lung tumours becomes altered in advanced tumour stages. Of prognostic significance is the distribution of tumour cells in relation to the nearest neighbouring vessel only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Kayser
- Institute of Pathology, University Freiburg, Germany.
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